ebook img

Anatomy and Human Movement 6th ed. - N. Palastanga, et. al., (Churchill Livingstone, 2012) WW PDF

635 Pages·2012·34.91 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Anatomy and Human Movement 6th ed. - N. Palastanga, et. al., (Churchill Livingstone, 2012) WW

Anatomy and Human Movement Commissioning Editor: Rita Demetriou-Swanwick Development Editor: Sally Davies Project Manager: Elouise Ball Designer/Design Direction: Charles Gray Illustration Manager: Gillian Richards Original Illustration: Keyword New and Updated Artwork: Cactus, Jennifer Rose Illustration Colouring: Cactus Anatomy and Human Movement Structure and Function SIXTH EDITION Nigel Palastanga MA BA FCSP DMS DipTP Pro-Vice-Chancellor, University of Wales; formerly Director of Physiotherapy Education, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Roger Soames BSc PhD Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2012 # 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). First edition 1989 First published as a paperback edition 1990 Second edition 1994 Third edition 1998 Fourth edition 2002 Fifth edition 2006 Sixth edition 2012 ISBN 978 0 7020 3553 1 International ISBN 978 0 7020 4053 5 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Printed in China Contents Preface to the first edition ....................................vii Preface to the sixth edition.................................... ix Acknowledgements.................................................. xi About the authors..................................................xiii 1. Introduction................................................... 1 Terminology .........................................................1 Terms used in describing movement...............2 Nervous system....................................................3 Components of the musculoskeletal system...8 Skin and its appendages.................................. 22 Early embryology.............................................. 29 2. The upper limb............................................35 Introduction ...................................................... 36 Development of the musculoskeletal system ................................................................. 36 Bones................................................................... 40 Muscles ............................................................... 52 Joints .................................................................101 Nerve supply....................................................183 Blood supply ...................................................195 Lymphatics.......................................................198 3. The lower limb ..........................................201 Introduction ....................................................202 Development of the musculoskeletal system ...............................................................203 Bones.................................................................205 Muscles .............................................................223 Joints .................................................................275 Nerve supply....................................................384 The sacral plexus.............................................395 Blood supply ...................................................396 Lymphatics.......................................................402 4. The trunk and neck ..................................405 Introduction ....................................................406 Bones.................................................................412 Muscles .............................................................423 Joints .................................................................445 Nerve supply....................................................486 The cardiovascular system ............................507 The respiratory system...................................514 The digestive system.......................................521 The urogenital system....................................530 The endocrine system ....................................540 5. Head and brain .........................................543 Bones.................................................................543 Muscles .............................................................550 Joints .................................................................559 The ear, eye and brain ...................................565 Index ...................................................................... 593 v This page intentionally left blank Preface to the first edition We have designed and written this book for the student of anatomy who is concerned with the study of the living body and who wishes to use this knowledge functionally for a greater understanding of the mechanisms which allow movement to take place. Traditional anatomy texts are written as an adjunct to the study of the human body in the dissecting room, but only the surgeon has the advan- tage of directly viewing living musculoskeletal structures. The vast majority of students interested in musculoskeletal anatomy as well as those involved with human movement and its disorders are con- fronted by an intact skin and therefore must visualize the structures involved by palpation and anal- ysis of movement. Anatomy and Human Movement presents the musculoskeletal structures as a living dynamic system – an approach lacking in many existing textbooks. The applied anatomy of the mus- culoskeletal system occupies the greater part of the book and is built up from a study of the bones and muscles (which are grouped according to their major functions, rather than as seen in the dissecting room) to a consideration of joints and their biomechanics. Anatomical descriptions of each joint are given with a detailed explanation of how it functions, the forces generated across it and how it might fail. We have placed great emphasis on the joints, as these are of major concern to those interested in active movement and passive manipulation, and we give examples of common traumatic or patho- logical problems affecting the structures described. Where possible, we describe palpation and ana- lyse movement with respect to the joints and muscles involved, as well as any accessory movements. The course and distribution of the major peripheral nerves and blood vessels, together with the lym- phatic drainage of the region, are given at the end of each relevant section. There are separate chapters on embryology and the skin and its appendages, and we have included, in the introduction, a section on the terminology used in the book. There is also an account of the structure and function of the nervous system written by Nikolai Bogduk whose contribution has been extremely valuable. The format of the book matches a page of text to a page of illustrations, whenever possible, and we hope that this will allow the reader to confirm his or her understanding of the text with the visual information provided. The book is extensively illustrated with large, clear, fully labelled diagrams, all of which have been specially prepared. In the sections covering the joints and biomechanics, the illustrations have been drawn by Roger Soames, and these are particularly detailed as they pull together the anatomy from the previous parts of that chapter. We hope that this new approach to the teaching of anatomy will serve to fill the gap which has always existed for those who have to learn their anatomy on a living subject and eventually have to determine their diagnoses and apply their treatments through an intact skin. Nigel Palastanga Derek Field Roger Soames 1989 vii This page intentionally left blank Preface to the sixth edition In this sixth edition of Anatomy and Human Movement, we have made a number of small but signif- icant changes, mainly to the text, which are designed to further improve the usefulness of this already successful book. In this edition, there have been further improvements to the illustrations and we have added some new illustrations. Where possible, structures such as ligaments or cartilage have been coloured the same throughout the book, in an attempt to further enhance the clarity of illustrations. The book has progressed a long way since the first edition in 1989 when only black and white was used throughout the text. As regards the content, we have continued to engage with the community of users of the book, namely, students, teachers, practitioners, and have responded to yet more suggestions. As a result of this very positive feedback, there has been some minor reordering within the text and expansion of some sections, namely those on joint replacement. The use of Summary Boxes at the end of various sections has been retained: they are intended to be used as a quick aid to revision when the majority of the subject area has been learned, but feedback suggests that some will use them to get a general overview before starting to tackle the detailed text. Helping individuals to understand, remember and apply anatomy has always been the prime purpose of this book. In response to the advances in the range of electronic aids to learning, the sixth edition also gives automatic access (unlocked by the unique PIN found on the inside front cover) to the e-book via Pageburst, allowing users to quickly search the entire book, make notes, add highlights and study more efficiently. In addition to this, the authors have helped create a separate five-hour modular e-learning course in functional human anatomy. At present, this is only available for purchase by universities and other institutions. This is presented in short lesson chunks following the body’s re- gional structure – ideal for the student to study at their own pace and time and the lecturer to assign accordingly. Learning is delivered via outcome measures, animation, video, quizzes, activity analyses and exams. Whether the book is being used by undergraduates, postgraduates, lecturers or practitioners, the changes and additions made to this edition are designed to make it even more useful to your learning, teaching or practice. Changes to the way education is managed and delivered require students and educators to be flexible in their learning. It is recognized that most learning takes place outside the classroom, and this requires the provision of high-quality material, both electronic and hard copy, to support learning wherever it is taking place. This edition of Anatomy and Human Movement and its accompanying electronic resources are designed to facilitate study in this new environment of varied ix

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.