Anatomical Atlas of Chinese Acupuncture Points

143 Pages·1988·34.42 MB·English

by  Chen Jing

ANATOMICAL ATLAS OF CHINESE
ACUPUNCTURE POINTS
The Cooperative Group of Shandong Medical College
and Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
SHANDONG SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRESS
JINAN, CHINA 1990
First Edition 1982
New Edition 1988
Reprint 1990
Chinese Text
Writer and drawer: Chen Jing
Contributors: Wang Kefu, Wang Delong,Yang- TRANSLATORS* NOTES
Xiaoyin, Ma Wenge, Fan Yantao, Zhang
Yanhui, Guo Xinhua
1' Most of the technical terms for channels and points were adopted from
Colourist: Yang Yaoshan
-An outline of Chinese Acupuncture", Foreign Language Press, Bei
Copy editors: Luan Mingzhen, Luo Yutan,
jing 1975. Only a few of them were translated directly into English.
Yang Lin, Shan Chouhua, Luo Yingnan,
As the internal organs involved in acupuncture are not the actual
Li Renguang, song Jingqi Liu Zhaoqun
modern anatomical organs, neither Latin nor Greek terms were
used in such cases. But on the contrary, most internal organs
involved in auricular acupuncture in this atlas are actual anatomical
organs. Therefore Latin anatomical terms were adopted from "Nomine
Anatomica", 3rd Ed. 1968.
2. For unspecialized terms, English medical vocabulary in international
use were adopted, e.g. 4th intercostal vessels etc.
3 Errors in Chinese edition have been corrected in this book. Some
descriptions of locations of points that were thought to be inexact
have also been revised in the English edition.
4. Examples of Latin abbreviations:
m. musculus
lig. ligmentum
art. articulatio
a. arteria
v. vena
n. nervus
r. ramus
5 Translated and edited by "the translation and editorial group of the
-anatomical atlas of Chinese acupuncture points" of Shandong Medical
College.
Translators: (in order of the chapters and sections)
Jiang Qiyuan, Xi Yaosheng, Luan Mingzhen, Song Jingqi, Jiao
Yong, Luo Ying-nan, Yang Lin, Yu Gui ying, Li Ren guang, Wang
Published by Shandong Science and Technology Press
Yuhan Lu, Jinan, China Yuechu, He Yingchang, Xiao Gong
Printed by Shandong Xinhua Printing House
Copy editors:
Jing Jiu Lu Shengli Road, Jinan, China
Zhai Yun, Lu Chengzhi, Liu Ziliang.
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation
21 Chegongzhuang Xilu, Beijing,100044 China
P.O.Box 399, Beijing, China
ISBN7-5331-0173-1/R-50
Printed in the People's Republic of China
THE EDITORS' NOTES
The aim of this atlas is to meet the demand of the research workers
PREFACE
in combining traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine
and clinical application of acupuncture and acupuncture aneasthesia.
This atlas is intended to provide a concise reference for those work It emphasizes the common points with their relations to human
ing in the fields of combining Chinese traditional medicine with Western anatomical structures, but their physiological functions are not in
medicine, research work as well as clinical therapeutics. The relationships volved. Locations of points and indications are also introduced.
between acupuncture points along the channels and human anatomical
In preparing the illustrations, the first step is to locate the points on
structures can be studied directly by means of perspective drawings of the specimens according to the superficial landmarks and traditional
anatomical dissections and surface measurings of living bodies. The measurements, then the depth for puncturing the points, being the
classification of points is based on the classic theory of channel system maximum as described in this book. The next step is to dissect the
specimen by layers and have the findings recorded. All points were
knowledge of medical anatomy.
There are 100 illustrative plates and pictures included in this book thus dissected and plates were drawn on such bases with reference to
of which 77 are coloured. They fall into three categories: the first part other materials. This atlas comprises 100 plates, of which 23 are black
deals with the courses, of 12 channels and 8 extra channels (Mai) points and white. They are classified into three categories: the first
on such channels, locations and indications. The second part emphasizes part introduces the courses of 12 channels and 8 extra channels with
the relationships between familar points and their relative anatomical relation to the locations and indications of their pertaining points.
structures. Points of auricular acupuncture and their indications are in Such points are totalled 361. There are 231 common points intro
cluded in the third part. Thus it is hoped to be useful for both the duced in the second part arranging in an order of the head and the
clinicians and the research workers. neck, the trunk and the upper, lower extremities.. To emphasize
In preparing this book, we are indebted to the Medical Univesity of
their' relationalships. anatomical structures are shown in four aspects
China College of Chinese Traditional Medicine in Shanghai and Hopei Me -anterior posterior, medial and lateral. Each aspect is described
Collese for their scientific materials and supports. from different layers - surface, superficial and deep layers. For some
points, middle layers are added. Still more points are described in
sectional drawings.
comments and suggestions from our readers. Expanatory notes involve four items, viz. locations, acupuncture
manipulations, anatomy and indications. Notes of precaution are
especially made for points which have vital structure underneath and
dangers are likely. In such cases drawiwngs of correct and incorrect
insertions are appended. The so-called superficial layer in explana
tory notes refer to structures between the skin and the deep fascia,
while the so-called deep layer refers to structures through which the
tip of the needle reaches from the deep fascia. As the actual posi
tions in the superficial, middle and deep layers are just vertical pro
jections of their respective points on the surface of the skin, so points
away from the median line in different aspects do not necessarily get
BladderChannel on the back are located at one intercostal space lower
where the tip of the needle reached in the deep layers. Such a case
than those described in other books.
may result from three reasons: First, human extremities and organs
In describing the relationships between the points and the anatomical
may be regarded as irregular cylinders, so if needles are inserted per
structures, anatomical terms of Western medicine are used as a
pendicularly from different points arranged horizontally on the sur
general rule, such as anterior aspect, radial aspect etc. This principle
face, different needles may reach the same position. And it is not
is observed in locating the points. But the traditional ways are still
desirable to locate two points at one position, so projection method is
preserved to decribe some points.
thought to be suitable for describing such points. For example, Pt.
According to the Chinese traditional medicine, for locating the acu
Fenglong and Pt. Tiaokou are at the same level on the body surface
puncture points, various part of the human body is divided into certain
with a distance of 1 cun ( ^j* ) between them, but the tips of needles
equal divisions (showing with red lines beside the related figures, such
reach the same position, viz. between the tibia and the fibula, whereas
as fig. 24, 25 etc.) each of which is called 1 cun.
the former is on the lateral aspect of the fibula according to the pro
For presenting the depth of puncture, 1 cun equal to 3.33 cm of the
jection method. Such conditions are common for points on the ex
tremities, e.g. points for regulating talipes varus and talipes valgus. metric system.
Second, for points of transverse or oblique puncturing, it is usually ■
difficult to show the actual positions of the needles on a plane plate,
such as Pt. Yifeng, Pt. Weishang. Pt. Zengyin and Pt. Ditao. Projec
tion method is preferable for such points. Third, for some points
with certain special postures, it is difficult to indicate the actual posi
tions that the needle reached by an anatomical drawing. Pt. Quchi,
for example, can only be punctured when the elbow is flexed at an
angle of 90°, while it is extended in the plate. According to the pro
jection method, the actual position of this point can only be above
the supracondyle of the humerus. Such conditions are common for
points around the joints. Therefore one should not be mistaken when
points described in the explanatory notes contradict those shown by
projection method. In this case the explanatory notes should be the
only criterion.
4. Structures through which the needle passes refer to an area 1 cun in
diameter around the tip of the needle. The anatomical structures re
quired for the explanatory notes were thought to be incomplete.
5. All the "shu" points in this atlas are measured and located by ana
tomical landmarks and traditional measurements. Points on dif
ferent channels are printed in different colours (as shown in Fig. 24),
while the anatomical structures and points are distinguished separate
ly with dotted and straight lines.
6. Our repeated examinations on living bodies and dissections on speci
mens have led to a discovery that each spinous process corresponds
to the level of an intercostal space below. For example, Pt. Dashu,
which underlies the spinous process of the 1st thoracic vertebra and
is 1.5 cun lateral to the middle line, corresponds to the 2nd inter
costal space rather than the 1st. Therefore, points of the Urinary
CONTENTS
Part I. Courses of the Channels
General Illustration on Courses of the channels
Fig. 1 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Anterior View) 3
Fig. 2 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Posterior View) 4
Fig. 3 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Side View) 5
. Courses of Various Channels
1. Courses of Twelve Channels 6
Fig. 4 Course of the Lung Channel of Hand-Taiyin 6
Fig. 5 Course of the Large Intestine Channel of Hand-Yangming ... 9
Fig. 6 Course of the Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming 13
Fig. 7 Course of the Spleen Channel of Foot-Taiyin 19
Fig. 8 Course of the Heart Channel of Hand-Shaoyin 23
Fig. 9 Course of the Small Intestine Channel of Hand-Taiyang ... 26
Fig. 10 Course of the Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang ... 30
Fig. 11 Course of the Kidney Channel of Foot-Shaoyin 37
Fig. 12 Course of the Pericardium Channel of Hand-Jueyin 41
Fig. 13 Course of the Sanjiao Channel of Hand-Shaoyang 44
Fig. 14 Course of the Gall Bladder Channel of Foot-Shaoyang .... 48
Fig. 15 Course of the Liver Channel of Foot-Jueyin 54
2. Course of Eight Extra Channels 57
, Fig. 16 Course of Du Mai . 57
Fig. 17 Course of Ren Mai , • ■ ■ 61
Fig. 18 Course of Chong Mai 64
Fig. 19 Course of Dai Mai 66
Fig. 20 Course of Yangqiao Mai 68
Fig. 21 Course of Yinqiao Mai . . . '- 70
Fig. 22 Course of Yangwei Mai 72
Fig. 23 Course of Yinwei Mai 74
Part II. The Relationship between the Channels-Points and
Anatomical Structures
I. The General Diagram of Relationship between the AH Channels-Points
and Anatomical Structures
Fig. 24 The Relationship between All Points and Anatomical Structures (An
terior Aspect)
Fig. 25 The Relationship between All Points and Anatomical Structures
(Posterior Aspect)
III. Trunk
II. Head and Neck
1. The Anterior Aspect of the Trunk ' 114
1. The Anterior Aspect of the Head and Neck 79
Fig. 26 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 47 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
tures of Anterior Aspect of Head and Neck 79 tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Trunk 114
Fig. 27 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial, Deep Anatomi Fig. 48 The Relationship between the Points and the Superficial Anatomical
cal Structures of Anterior Aspect of Head and Neck 80 Structures of the Anterior Aspect of the Trunk 115
Fig. 28 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 49 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc
tures of Orbital Region XI tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Trunk hq
Fig. 29 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical Fig. 50 Anatomical Structures and Location of Partial Points on the Anterior
Structures of Orbital Region 81 Aspect of the Trunk ^j
Fig. 30 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Pt. Qiuhou
2. The Lateral Aspect of the Trunk ^s
and the Anatomical Structures of the Superficial and Deep Layers
Fig. 31 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Points in Or Fig. 51 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical
bital Region and the Structures in Superficial and Deep Layers .82 Structures of the Lateral Aspect of the Trunk j2«
Fig. 52 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Structures
2. The Lateral Aspect of the Head and Neck 90 of the Lateral Aspect of the Trunk 129
Fig. 32 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc Fig. 53 Anatomical Structures and Loction of Partial Points of the Lateral
tures of the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 90 Aspect of the Trunk ^q
Fig." 33 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Structures of
3. The Posterior Aspect of the Trunk ton
the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 91
Fig. 34 The Relationship between the Points and Middle Anatomical Struc Fig. 54 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
tures of the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 92 tures of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk 133
Fig. 35 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc Fig. 55 The Relationship between the Pcints and Superficial Anatomical
tures of the Lateral Aspect of Head and Neck 93 Structures of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk 134
Fig. 36 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical Fig. 56 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc
tures of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk 135
- Structures of Auricular Region- 94
Fig. 37 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc Fig. 57 The Sections of the Partial Points of the Posterior Aspect of the
tures of Auricular Region 94 Trunk 136
Fig. 38 The Relationship between the Points of the Lianquan and Shang- Fig. 58 The Relationship between the Partial Points and Anatomical Struc
tures of the MidsagittalSection of the Trunk 137
Hanquan and Anatomical Structures 95
Fig. 39 The Relationship between the Points of the Ermen, Tinggong, Ting-
IV. Upper Extremity
xue and Tinghui and Anatomical Structures 95
1. The Anterior Aspect of IJpper Extremity ir4
3. The Posterior Aspect of the Head and Neck 105
Fig. 59 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
Fig. 40 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Antomical Struc tures of the Anterior Aspect of Upper Extremity 154
tures of Posterior Aspect of Head and Neck 105 Fig. 60 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Fg. 41 The Relationship between the Points and Deep Anatomical Struc Superficial Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity
tures of Posterior Aspect of Head and Neck 106 Fig. 61 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Fig. 42 The Relationship between the Points of Vertex and the Anatomical Medial Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . 155
Structures 107 Fig. 62 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Fig. 43 A Diagram Showing the Layers of the Anatomical Structures Pass Deep Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . . 257
ed in Puncturing the Points on Vertex 107
Fig. 44 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Fengfu, 2. The Lateral Aspect of Upper Extremity 16-
Yamen and Dazhui Points and Anatomical Structures ... 108 Fig. 63 The Relationship between the Pionts and Surface Anatmoical Struc
Fig. 45 The Relationship between the Puncture Direction of the Pt. Yifeng tures of the Lateral Aspect of Upper Extremity 165
and Anatomical Structures 109 Fig. 64 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Fig. 46 The Diagram of Transverse Section Showing the Puncture Direc Superficial Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Upper Extremity 166
tion of the Pt. Fengchi 109 Fig. 65 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
3. The Posterior Aspect of Lower Extremity 214
Deep Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Upper Extremity . . 167 Fig. 86 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
Fig. 66 The Sections of Partial Points of Upper Extremity .... 168 tures ofthePosterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . . . 214
Fig. 87 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical
3. The Posterior Aspect of Upper Extremity 173
Structures of the Posterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 215
Fig. 67 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
Fig. 88 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
tures of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity .... 173
Medial Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . 216
Fig. 68 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Fig. 89 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Superficial Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . Deep Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . 217
Fig. 69 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in Fig. 90 The Sections of the Partial Points of the Lower Extremity . . 218
Medial Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity 175
Fig. 70 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in 4. The Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity 223
Deep Layer of the Posterior Aspect of the Upper Extremity . 175 Fig. 91 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
tures of the Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity .... 223
4. The Medial Aspect of Upper Extremity 181
Fig. 92 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Fig. 71 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
Superficial Layer of the Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity 224
tures of the Medial Aspect of the Upper Extremity .... 181
Fig. 93 The Relationship between the Points and the Anatomical Structures
Fig. 72 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
in Deep Layer of the Medial Aspect of the Lower Extremity 225
Superficial Layer of the Medial Aspect of the Upper Extremity 182
Fig. 73 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in 5. The Dorsum and Planta of the Foot 230
Deep Layer cf the Medial Aspect of the Upper Extremity . . ^gg Fig. 94 The Relationship between the Surface Anatomical Structures and the
Fig. 74 The Section of the Partial Points of the Upper Extremity . . ]£4 Points of the Dorsum and Planta of the Foot 230
Fig. 95 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
5. Dorsum and Palm of the Hand 188
Superficial, Deep Layer of the Dorsum of the Foot ■ ... 231
Fig. 75 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
Fig. 96 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
tures of the Dorsum and Palm of Hand 188 Superficial, Deep Layer of the Planta of the Foot o'-J2
Fig. 76 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Superficial, Deep Layer of the Dorsum of Hand 189 Part III Ear Acupuncture
Fig. 77 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Fig. 97 The Relationship between the Points of Left Auricula and Surface
Superficial, Deep Layer of the Palm of the Hand 190
Anatomical Structures 239
V. Lower Extremity Fig. 98 The Superficial Anatomical Structures of the Anterior Aspect of Left
Auricula 240
1. The Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity 1%
Fig. 99 The Deep Anatomical Structures of the Anterior Aspect of Left Auri
Fig. 78 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
ga 241
tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity .... 196
Fig. 100 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial, Deep Anatomi
Fig. 79 The Relationship between the Points and Superficial Anatomical
cal Structures of the Posterior Aspect of the Auricula . . , 242
Structures of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 197
Fig. 80 The Relationship between the Points andMiddleAnatomical Struc
tures of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . -198
Fig. 81 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Deep Layer of the Anterior Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 199
2. The Lateral Aspect of Lower Extremity 206
Fig. 82 The Relationship between the Points and Surface Anatomical Struc
tures of the Lateral Aspect of the Lower Extremity .... 206
Fig. 83 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Superficial Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Lower Extremity 207
Fig. 84 The Relationship between the Points and Anatomical Structures in
Deep Layer of the Lateral Aspect of the Lower Extremity . . 208
Fig. 85 The Sections of the Partial Points of the Lower Extremity . . 209
Part 1
COURSES OF THE CHANNELS
I. General Illustration on Courses of the channels
the Urinary Bladder Du Mai
Channel of Foot-Taiyang
the Lung Channel of Hand-Taiyin
Ren Mai
the Pericardium
Channel of Hand-Jueyin
the Heari Channel
of Haml-Shaoyin
the Spleen Channel of the Stomach Channel of Fool-Yangming
the Liver Channel of Foot-Jucyin
the Kidney Channel of Foot-Shaoyin
Fig. 1 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Anterior View)
r
the Sanjiao Channel of Hand-Shaoyang
Du Mai the Small Intestine Channel of Hand-Taiyang
the Small Intestine Channel
the Sanjiao Channel of Hand-Taiyang
of Hand-Shaoyang
the Large Intestine Channel of Hand-Yangming
Spleen Channel
the Gall Bladder Channel of Foot-Shaoyang 1 J Foot-Taiyin
the Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang
Fig. 2 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Posterior View)
Fig. 3 Distribution of Fourteen Channels (Side View)