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ErriMcaol ateisnt1 a8 91 Anarchy by ErricMoa latesta A New Translation frotmh Iet alOiraing inal FREEDOPMR ESS 1974 Firsptub lishaesd L'ANARCHIA by theB ibliotdeeclaAl s's ociazione LondonM arch1 891 Reprint1e9d8 0 Reprinte1d9 84 ThisE nglitsrha nslactoipoynw rig©h t VernonR ichardasn dF reedoPmr es1s9 74 Publishbeyd FreedoPmr ess inA ngeAll ley 84bW hitechaHpieglh S t LondonE 1 PrintiendG reaBtr itabiyn AldgateP ress London The firsEtn glish tranosfl alt'iAonna rchia appeareind seriaflo rm in the monthly journalF reedofmr omS ept1 891t oJ une 1892a ndw asr eprintaesda pamphlebty FreedomP ressin 1892 and many times thereaftIetwr a.s r e-sweitt ha biographical notei n1 942( 7thE ditioann)d r eprintiend thes ame year and in 1945.R e-seatn d reviseidn 1 949( 8thE ditioann)d r eprinted in1 958. PrintiendG reaBtr itain TranslatIonrt'sr oduction In Septembe1r8 89M alatesrteat urnteod E uropef romS outh Americwah enceh e ando thecro mradehsa d fledf romI taliyn 1884/5A.c corditnogt hee minenatn archhiisstt orMiaaxn N ettlau, hisr eturtnoE uropwea si nfluencbeodt hb yt hep oliticfaalvloyu rable news-three awakenionfg s ocialiesvme rywhearse d emonstrated by thed ockersst'r iikneL ondona ndt hec elebraotfiM oany Day -as welals b y thef actth a"th ew asi np ossessoifot nh en ecessary meanst o makep ropagandaS"o. m uch so thati mmediatoenl y hisr eturhne announcetdh ep Ublicatiino Nni ce( Francoef) a journa"lIA s's ociazibountea" f tetrh reies sueMsa lateshtaad to fleet hec ountrbye caeu sof the machinatioofn osn eT erzaghai , policsep y,a ndb y Octobe1r8 89h e wasf ort hes econtdi mei n London. Malatesstpae nsto met hirty-yeeiagrhostf hi sl ifien e xilmeo,s tly in London.H isfi rste xilien Londonw as from1 881-83H.e returnteodI talayn dp ublishLae dQ uestSioocniea(l aefi leo fw hich isp reservientd h autn iquaer chivteh,eB ritiMsuhs eumP eriodicals departmebnuttn, o ti nI talyI)t.a ppearfeodre ighmto nthusn tihle waso ncea giano bliged eaittt hheeer nd of1 884o rt heb eginning of 1885t ofl eet hec ountrtyo a voiad threyee arp risosne ntence imposeidn F ebruar1y8 84. Thatt heyw ered ifferetnitm eiss i llustrbayt etdh ef actt hat Malatesatnad hisf rienhdasv inagp pealeadg aintshte s entences werer eleasaendd he continuteod p ublishhi sp eriodicAanld. int hea utumno ft hatsa mey earN ettIatue lluss that" Malatesta ando thecro mradewse ntt oN aplewsh,e rea n outbreaokfc holera hada ssumeadl armipnrgo portitoonh se,l pi nt heh ospitaCloss.t a andot hesro cialdiisdtl si kew.i sTewo anarchi.s t.sd ie. d.T hose who returndeedc larienda manifestthoa tth er eabla siosf c holera wasp overtayn dt heo nlyr easlo lutiwoans t he sorceivaoll ution" [In1 973c holeirnaN aplemsa kest heh eadlinBeass.i caalrleyn ot thec auseasn dt hes olutisotni tllh es ame?]O nlyi nN ovember 3 4 ERRICO MALATESTA was thea ppealh earda nd remandetdo Januray 1885b y which timea llt he:a ccusehda dl efthte country. Malatesttah'isre dx ilien London was thel ognets- from 1899 to1 913.I tf ollowae db riepfe rioodf i ntenasceti vity in Italyi n 1897w henh ep ublish/A'eg di taziownhei,c che ads eupbilctaion when he wass ent'�ntcoae dt ermo fp oliticianlt ernmbeyn tth em ilitary authoritTiheest .r iawla so fs peciasli ngificance, andI cannodto bettetrh anq uotweh atI havea lerady writteenl sewhere: One of the interesatsipencgt osf thitsr iawla st hatw hereaisn pasttr ials amnoasrtc hidsentiesd t hec hargoef" crimiansaslo ciation" on theg roundtsh att heyw ereo pposetdo o rganisatMiaolna,t esta andh isf rienndosto nlyd eclda rtehatth eyw ereo rganisbeudta, l so demandetdh er ighotfa narchitos jtoisn af ormaolr ganisatTihoins. gaver isteo a gitattihorno ughIotaulty f or, ·tfhree edotmo o rganise" prmooted by theA narchist SoFceidaelriasttoi fo nR omagnaa,n d supporteende rgeticfarlolmty h ec olumnosf lA'g ilaziownheic,h continupeudb licatiino spnit e off urthaerrr esotfst hosweh o had takeMn alatesat's place (amontgh emF abbria. y oungm an of2 0). By thet imft:h et riatlo okp lacef,o urm onthsl ateorv,re 3,000 anarchiislttlsh ,e n ame of many groaunpds d ubsh ad signed a publimca nifesitnow hicht heyd eclartehedir oplitilc baelieafnsd, affirmedt hatt heyw erem emberso f a "partya"n d in compltee agreemenwti tht he accusMeodr.e suppotr camef roma llp arts oft hew orld. Malatesrtecaei ved a modestse ven monthss entenacned sev,n of hisco mradesg ots ixm onthsb ut thes ting wasi nt het aiflo r when thweeyr ed uet ob er eleasaeldlw <:re sentencteodli vey ears domicicolat/oti (oba nishtm teont hep enails lancuinsd)e r emergency lawsa pprovebdy ParliamenItn. l estsh ana yearM alatesta had escaped andm adeh isw ay toL ondonv iaM alta.H e thens pent somem onthsi n theU niteSdt ateansd returntedo Londonv ia Cubai nA pri1l8 99. Hisf ourtehx ilien L ondonw ass eparatedf romt het hird by le,s thana year( 9113-1a4n)d lasteudn tihli sfi nalr eturn to Italiyn 191.9 That briepfe rioidnI atly andA nconac annobte summarised ina paragrapNhe.e dlses tos a,y itw as linkewdi tht hep ubiication ofa n anarchistjo unralt.h tiism LeaV olownhtiacwh a sfi rsptu blished in Anconai nJ une1 913b y thee ffortso f Fabbrain d Agosintelii and editefdr omL ondonb y Malastteaw ho,h owevewra,s b acki n Ancona by the end of July aftearn exilOef some1 3 years. Thoughh e wast heni n hiss ixtieyteha rh e earnendo t nloyt he admiartion of hisd earte srifend, LuigFia bbriw,h o recounts that int hastho rt periodh ea lsloe cturaendd s pokei nt hep rniciple cities ofI taly as wella sa ttenditnhgec onferenocfe tsh ev ariopuasrt ies and workerso'r ganisatioofn tsh e Leftb.u t also the reluctant recognition ofh ise nregy andc apacitaisea s propagandbiys tth e Captaino f theC arabinee rs of Anconaw hosen otes weres alvaged TRANSLATOR'ISNT RODUCTION 5 by two anarchissetasr chianmgo ngt hed ebriosf a policset ation destroydeudr inagn Alliebdo mbardmenotf Anconai n thel ast war. The Captaidne clartehsa t" Malatestrae'tsu rfnr omL ondon was thes ignaflo ra reawakenionfg t hea narchimsotv ementi n Ancona".O nceh e hadd rawnt ogethaelrlt hea narchist elements inA ncona" hes uccessfsutlalryt ae dC ircloef S ociaSlt udiwehse re membersa nd sympathismeerest f orr eadinogns sociaslu bjects, discussiaonnds p ropaganmdeae tinwghsi cha ref requenptrleys ided overb y Malateshtiam selfT"h.e Captaiens timattehse A ncona anarchiasntds s ympathisteor nsu mbers ome 600. He names 33 of them ostp rominenatm ongt hem,a ndt oj udgeb y theitrr ades and professitohnesy a rec learal yr epresentactriovssese ctioonf the workingc ommunityT.h ey includseh oemakercsa,r penters, dockw orkersst,r eterta debrasr,b erssh,o pa ssistaanntdos n es tudent. Theirag esr angef romt hee arltyw entiaensd,p redominaint et he thirties. He sumsu p Malatestthae m an andt hep ropagandwiistthm ore intelligaenndc oeb servattihoann d idm any of Malatestoaw'ns comradewsh enh e wrotie nh isd iary: His qualitaise sa n intell,i gceonmtbativsep eakewrh o seekst o persuawdiet hc alma,n d neverw ithv iolenlta,n guagaer,eu sedt o the fullt o revivteh ea lreadspye ntf orceosf thep artya nd to win converatnsd sympathisneervse,rl osinsgi ghotf hisp rincipal goalw hichi st od rawt ogethtehref orceosft hep artayn du ndermine theb aseosf t heS tatbey, h inderiintgws o rkingpsa,r alyistess e rvices and doinga nti-militparroipsatg anduan,t itlh ef avouraobclcea osni arisetso o vertuarnn d destrotyh ee xistiSntga te. He alsou nwittinignlfyo rmuss thatf romA ugust1 913-Ma1y9 14 Malatestwaa s involveidn 21 of 37 noteworth"ya narchist demonsrtationisn"t hep rovinbcuet a st oh ow manyp rivea mteetings hea ttended hec annosta yf ort,o q uothei sd iary":T heo rganisational worko fM alakstiasd ifficulttop enetrabtye r,e asoonf t hep rudence withw hich be actsa nd the discretoifo hni st rustfeirden dsa nd thec ircumspecwtiitohnw hichh e acts." Many yearlsa teirna footnottoes omeoneel sea'rst icilnPe e nsiero e ValonI(Jaa nuary 1st1 925o)n thes ubjeocftw hetheorr ganisation shoulbde secreotr public Malatestaap'psr oacihs s o concisaes welals relevatnott hep resednat yc ontext thatT maken o apology forq uotinigt v erbatim: rn generatle rm�t ho:: mswer iso bvioustlhya to nem ustc arroyu t in publiwch ati t ciosn venietnhta tev erybody shoulkdn ow and ins ecrwehta ti tj c8 grC'csdh oulbd,: w ithheflrdo mt hep ubliactl arge. It iso bviolls thatf oru s who carroyn ollprr opaganda to raise them oralle veolf t hem asseasn di nducteh emt ow int heierm ancipa tionb y theiorw n effosr atnd who haven o personoarl s ectarian ilmbitiotnos d ominatiet.i sa n advantawghee rep ossibtloe g ive 6 ERRICOM ALATESTA oura ctiviat imeasx imumo f upbliciyt tot herreeabchya nd influceen with our proapganda as many peoplaes w ec an.B utt hidso es notd ependo nlyo n ourw ishesi;ti sc leatrh ati f,f ore xample, a governmewnetr et o prohibuist f roms peakinpgu,b lish,i onrg meetinagn dw e hadn ott he stretnog dtehf yt heb an openly,w e shoulsde ekt od o allt hesteh ingcsl andestinely. Onem usth owevearl,w ays aimt oa cti nt hef ullli ghotf d ay,a nd struggtloe w ino urf reedombse,a rinign mindt hatt heb estw ay to obtaian freedoims t hato f takinigt ,f acing necersissakrsy; whereavse ryo ftena freedoims l ostt,h rougohn es' own fault, eithetrh rougnho t exercisiitno gr usingi tt imidlgyi,v intgh e impresstihoanot n eh asn ott her ightto b ed oinwgh ato ne isd oing. Therefoarse a, generraull ew e prefealrw ayst oa ct public.l y . alsob ecausteh er evolutionoafrt ioedsa hya veq ualiteis, someg ood and otherbsa d,w hichr educteh eicro nspiratocraipaalc itiine s whicht he revolutionoafr i5e0s o r a 100 yearsa go excelled. But certaitnhleyr cea nb ec ircumstaanncdea sc tiownhsi chd emadn secrecayn,d i nw hichc aseo nem usta cta ccordingIlny a.n yc ase letu s be waryo f thos"es ecreatff"a irwsh iche verybokdnyo ws abouatn dfi rsatm ongt hemt,h ep olice. Itw as att hee ndo f Malatestab'rsi erfe turnt o Italtyh att he "ReWde ek"e xploded( inJ une1 91a4nd) oncaeg aihne wasb ack inL ondohna vionngl jyu smta nagteod es capea rrest. Then war brokeo ut (August1 914M)a.la tesat couldd o no moret os topt hew art hanK ropotkainnd h isp ro-wafrr iencdosu ld to ensurvei ctorfyo rt heA lliebsu,t f romt hep oinotf viwe of the anarchimsotv ementM alatestuan'eqsu ivocal oppositinoont onlyt ot he warb utt oK ropotkainnd h isa ristocrfartiiescn pdlus the morals terngtho fT om Keeltl,h ee ditoarn dp rintoefrF REEDOM, wereu ndoubteddleeytr mininfagc otrsi n prveenting thea narcthsi s fromb ein"gc ommittetdo"s upporttihnagt w ar. In 191M9a lateswta::ts ablet o returtno Italwyh,e re hew as evenh ailebdy some workaesrt sh e" Lenionf I taly"H.e resitsed thek isosf deatbh uta ccepttehde i nvitattioob ne thee ditoorf a dailya narchipsatp erU manitNao vaw hich cameo utf oro vert wo yearsa gainasltlk indosf p hysk.dailffi cultiferso,mp aperr ationing tot hed estructoifot nhe printiwnogr ksa nde ditoroiffiacel by gangs of young fastchiusgtsa ,n d whicha t itsp eake njoyed a daily circulatoifo 5n0 ,00co0p ies. Fortunatheel hya d an extraordinary groupo f collaboraftoorrd su,r inigt si ifMea htestwaa �; required to addrses meetinaglsl overth e countraynd then, of coursien, Octobe]r9 2h0e ,B orgh(iw how ast hens ecretoafrt yhe U.S.!t.h,e revolutioSnyanrdyi calUinsito na)n ds ome8 0 other anarchiwsetrse arrestaendd h eldi np risounnt ilt hef ollowiJnugl yw hena fter a foudra yt ritahle wye rea lalc quitbtye tdh e.i ury!M altaesat resumed thee ditorship of Umal1iNfoav ab uti tc oulndo longesurr vive the ha- assmentt ow hichi tw ass ubjectbeyd t hef ascigsatn gsP.a rcels weres eizebdy thep ostal authoriatnidea st t he newsagenktiso sks ' TRANSLATORS INTRODUCTION 7 theyw ereb urn,t a fatseu fferendo to nlyb y thea narcth pirsesbsu t by alla nti-fasjcoiusrtn alUsm.a niNtoav ac easedda ilpyu blication inA ugus1t 92a2n da ppearaesda weekluyn titlh ee ndo ft hey ear. (Mussoli"nmia rchedo"n Rome in Octobe1r 922.) Malatesptuath isp ent oo nes idaen dt ooku p hist oobla ga nd, at thea geo f 70 startweodr ka gainas an electrician-mechanic. Buta numbero fh isf rientdhsr oughotuhtew orlfde ltth ahte s hould be freefdr omt hed ayt od ayn eedo fe arninag l iviantgh ist rade in ordert o devothei se nergiteos c ontributtion ag c larification of anarchiisdte as. Ith ad becomei mpossibfolre a nya narcshtij ournatlo survive forl ongy,e tf romJ anuar1ys t1 92P4e nsieer oV olonatpap eared reulgarlya sa fortnig(ht2li4ys suetsh)a yte arb,u tw itht heg rowing Prescse nsorshoinpl ya nothe3r2 i ssueasp peareidn 1925-t2he6 , otherbse ings eizebdy the Authoritbieefso rteh eyc ouldb e distributTehde. l asits sucea meo uti nO ctobe1r9 2f6o ri nt hat samem ontha younagn archiAsntt,e Zoa mbonim,a deh isu nsuccels sfu attempotn Mussolinlii'fasen dt hsi wasu seda sa pretefxotr t he govenrmentt ob ann oto nlyt hea nti-fapsrceissbstu tt hei ndependent press ing eneraTlh.i ss tranglde lhaosltfeodr n o lestsh an2 0 years, a facwth icsht idlole sn ots eemt ob ea ppreciaitnte hde" democracies" whereI talifaans cishams a lwaybse enl ookeudp ona s something ofa joke.Y et,w hilMea lateswtaas p reparitnogp ubliPsehn siero e VolonitnaB ,a rcelotnhae v eteraanna rchiFsetd eriUcroa lcsa nd his1 8-yc-aorldda ughtFeerd eriMcoan tsenwye res tartiLnag R evista B!ancaal,s ao f ortnigjhotulryan lc oncernweidt 'h" li'ersaotcuoirloag,i ,a artec,i enciaat" t heb eginnionfg anothedri ctato,r sthhiapto f Primod e Riveraw,hi chl atsed from1 92t3o t hef oundinogf the Republiicn 1931N.o t onlyd idt heR evisBtlaa ncsuar vivteh e dictatorbsuhtia pl sot her epressfioolnl ogw itnheM inersR'e bellion int heA stursi ianO ctobe1r9 3a4n db y July1 93w6h,e nF ranco's militaurpyr isitnogo kp lacen,o lestsh an3 88i ssuoefsL a Revista Blanchaad a ppeared. In Italtyh eo ppositpiroens hsa db eens ilenceMda.l atesstpae nt ther emainifinvge y earosf hisl ifwei thh isc ompanioinn Rome underh ousaer resGtu.a rdwse rep ostde outsihdies a partmednoto r day and nighatn da nybodcya llionng him or approachihnigm int hes treweats a utomaticaarlrleys tweidt ht her esultth ahte was isolatferdo ma nyc ontawcitt hh isf ellowAsl.l h isc orrespondence waso pende andc ensoreNde.v erthehlees susc ceediendc ontributing a fews igninfitca articfloerst hea nacrhisptr esosn,e o ft he lasotf whichh,i s" PeteKrr opotk-iRnecollectiaonnds C riticibsym sa n oldf riendi"s,a literaarnyd p olitigceaml a nd indicatthesa t in hiss eventy-eiygeahrt hhi s mind awsa csl eaars ever. hBiust bodyw asw orno ut,a ndo n July2 2n1d9 3h2e died. Hisl astth oughctosm mitttedo h isn otebootkh ed ayb eforhee 8 ERRICO MALATESTA dieda res urelwyo rthq uotintgo day":H e who throwas b omba nd kilal psed estrdieacnl,a rtehsa ats a v ictiomfs ociehteyh asr ebelled againssto cietyB.u t couldn ott hep oorv ictiomb ject':A m I socie"t y?' And toc onclu,d ae worda boutt hep amphleitt sealnfd t hen ew transaltoin. L'A narchwiaas writteinn 1819 durinhgi ss econd exilien L ondona ndw ast hel asotf fi vep amphle(tfso uorf w hich were by Malatestpau)b lishaendd printebdy the libroafr y l'Assoonceii na Fzuilham, LondNoon..1 in these riewsa s La PolitiPcaar .lamenntealrM eo vimentSoo ciali(s1t8a9 301,p p.N)o,.2 , InT empod iE lezio(n1i 89106,p p.w)a si nt hef ormo fa dialogue asw asa lsNoo 3.,P raC ontad"iBneit,we Peena sant(sfi"r sptu blished inF lorenc1e8,8 a4n dr eissuienLd o ndon1,8 906-31p,p .L)'.A narchia appeareidn .E nglisthr anslatiino tnh em onthljyo urnaFlR EEDOM (Septemb1e8r9 1-iu1n8e 92a)n d was reprintaesd a pamphlebty FREEDMO PRESSi n1 892A.l tlh ee ditiotnhsah ta ves incbee eni ssued by FREEDOPMR ESSa,n dt herhea veb eenm any,w ereb aseodn that translatiTohni.sn ew translatmiaoknes no "cutsi"n t heo riginal texatn ds eektso r endeMra latesttah'osu ghatn dw ay ofe xpressing himselafs literaalsl pyo ssibrlaet hetrh ani nterprehtiimn wgh ich, nots o much theo rigintarla nslabtuotr,s ubsequeendti tohrasv e done,o bviollwsiltyht heg oodi ntentoifo mn akingt hattr anslation cleaerr fort heE nglisrhe aderB.u tM alatesitna a llh isw ritings isc rystcalle aarn de verwyo rdi sa necessaprayr to f hist hought. He iss ometimedsi fficulbto thf ort het ranslaatnodr t her eader becaushee wantst os ays o muchi na limitsepda ceI.t i sa si f he weree ngageidn c onversatainodn , oniesf requenftalcye wdi th a paragraopfh a 150w ordsw hichi so nes entenicnet errupbtye d valdi andi nterestrienflge ctiaonndsa sidewsh icha res oc haracteristic ofh isw ritintghsa,It feltth inse wt ranslasthioounl tdr yt oe mulate hiss tylaen de xpectth er eadetro m aket hee fforti,fn ecessaorfy , re-readtihnegs entenocrep aragrabpehf orhee or sheb lametsh e authofro ra lakc ofc laritTyh.e t rutihst hawtr itelrisk Mea latesta needt o be reada loud( evewn ithouatn audiencei!n) o rdert o apprecitahteei mra steroyf l anguea gandt hec oldl ogiwch ichi s subyt lblendewdi thh uman warmtha nd understanding, qualities singulalralcyk iinng p resednaty r evolutiolniatreyr ature. In thei ntroducttioo hni sa uthoritabtiiovgerh ayp of Malates,t a Fabbrir econtust hati n1 92M0a latesttoal hdi mt hahte c onsidered Anarchthye b estt hinhge hadw ritteann,d t hath iso nlyr egret was thatn ew editiownesr ea ppeariangl tlh et imew itohuth is knowledgoet,h erew ihse woulwdi sht o make improvementtos someo ft het extF. abbhroiw,e vceornsi,d edr tehaMta latestmao'sts
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