Anarchism in Germany Volume I: The Early Years

455 Pages·1972·7.78 MB·English

by  Andrew R. Carlson

AnarchiisnmG ermany
VolI.: T heE arlMyo vement
by
ANDREW R.C ARLSON
TheS carecrPorwe sIsn,c .
MetucheNn.J, . 1972
Copyri1g9h2t7 by AndCraerwl sRo.n
ISB0N- 1808-0484-0
LibraorfCy o nrgessC ataClaorgNd u mbe7r8 -14866 9
ForL inda

Preface
A riclhi teraetxuirsoetnt s h Gee rmaSno ciDaelm orcaitc
movementw hicaht temtpoet xpsl atihnre oloef Gtheer man
workicnlags isn t hWei lhelRmeiia.cn h nAo taobmliess ioinn
thilsi tereai tstu hrlea cokfs erisotuusd oinea sn aricsh,mw hich
inm anry espepcatrsa ltlhedele sv oepmlenotft hSeo ciaDle mo­
craictP artin yG ermanTyh,ib so oske kest oa dadn ewd imension
byp rovidain nagrr atiaonnad n alyosfti hsae n arcehxpiesrtni cee
inG eramnyd uritnhgpe e iro1d8 301-898,w itehm phaosni St he
year1s8 7-88189T.h ep renstve olumet hfeii sr hsatlo ffa t wo­
voluwmoer okn a narchiinGs emr amnyT,h es ceonvdo luwmiel l
covetrhpe e iro1d8 9-01933.
Iw oulldi kteot hanPkro fesVseorrn Lo.nL itkdew hop ointed
outt om et hnee efdo ars tuodfyt hGee rmaann arcmhoivsetm te.n
Thisst uhdaysb enfeitferdo hmi csri timC,is suggesatnido ns
generaosussi staMnywc oer.wk a sa ieddb yt hIen tleirabrry
Loaann dP hotuopdlicaDteipoanr tmoefmn atnsly bi rarsi.Ie
woulldi kteo extegnrda tmeiyt t out dhIen terliLboraDaner ­y
paretnmotf t hMei chiSgtaanUt nevi esritLyir barayn dt oM rs.
Mary TJh.u rmoaftn h Ien tleirbrLaorayDn ep artmoefnE ta stern
KetnuckUynv iesri.t Tyhef ollolwbiirnagr isuepsp lmieew di th
micorficlom pioefrs a rnee wsppearpsa,m phlaentdbs o,ko s:
UnivseirtoyfC hicagNoe,w berLrbiyr arMyi,de wst Ibnrtaerryl i
LoaCnen teUrn,ie vrtsyio fW isconUsniinv,sei rtoyfM inensota,
UnivseirtoyfM ichigYaanlU,en vieSritHya,r vaUrndie vrsi,t y
PrinceUtnoviner SityT,h eL ibraroyfC onegsrsN,e wY orPku blic
LibrarTyh,eH ooevrI ntsitoutnWe a rP,e acaen dR evolution,
CoulmbiUanv iersitUyn,vi erstiyo fI llinTohieBs rt,ii sMhu se,u m
BayesrcihSet aatsbibalnidto htIehn etkae,tr inoInnaisltt uotfe
SociaHli stionrAy m stearmd.M r.E dwaWredb ecru,r atofo r
thLea badCioeel cltiaottn h Uen ievrsitoyfM ichigsahno,ub led
singoluetfd o hri ass sistiansn upcpel ymiantge riIaa lmsa ,l so
in dbett oD rT.r muppo ft hBeu nedsarcKhoibvl,:e Dnzr.W eiss,
dierctoofrt hBea yeriHsacuhpet tsstcaahrai,Av bteiIlIun,g
GeheiSmteasa tchsia;Dvr r.S cheOrble,r ahirvcrBaaty erische
Hauptasattsariv,cA hbteilVu,Sn tga acthsiafvrU Orb erbearyn;
thset aofftf h Set asaatrhci,vL udiwgsbuDrrgE.;w a,lO dberarc­
hirvaStt asaatrhcivH,a mburagn;td h set afoffs tHhees sisches
HauptstaatWsiaserbcahdiSevtn,a;s a atcrhiSvi gmagreinn;
v
StaathsiaMvrU ncsteNri;e dsearchsiSstcahaet saOrscnhaibvr,U ck.
A spectihanalk si sd uet ot hset aofftf h Dee utscZeh netsr alarchiv,
Mersbeurtgh;Se t aatchsiaPvro tsdaanmdt, h Mei nisrtieudme s
lnnerMni,n istedrerDrae utt scDheemn oaktriscRheepnu b.l ik
Ofa ltlh pee rosnass scoiatdeiedrc tolryi ndirewcitttlhh yi s
boonko,n dee sveermso raep rpeicatitohnam ny w ifLein,d aw,h o
paisntakitnygpleyd m atnhdyera ftotsf hem anuspctr.i
vi
Contents
Page
Introtdiuocn
Chatper
I SpiriAtnucaels tooftr hsGe e ramnA narchists1 3
II MaxS Urn(e81r06 -1856) 53
III AnarchiisnGm e ramnyt o1 878 77
IV TheH BdeAls sansastiiAotnt petma ndt hDee feat
oft hSeo ciaLlaiws t 115
V TheN obilAisnasgs isnatAitotne mapntdt he
Passaogfte h Seo ciaLlaiws t 139
VI JohaMnons atn dW ilheHlamse slmaTnhnr eaten
toSp litth SeP D 173
VII TheS muggloifFn rge ihaenidtht e F oramtioofn
AnaricshCte lls 205
VIIIP rpoagandbayD ede 249
IX TheF ailuorfPe ro pagabnydD ae edT:h eT ragic
CareeorfAs u guRseti nsdaonrdJf u liLuise ske2 83
X Bruedrkrieg 321
XI JohNne vaen dt hSep liintt h Meo vement 343
Conculsion 395
AppenId ix 401
AppenIdIi x 403
Biblipohgyr a 405
Index 437
Introduction
Therei sa sizeabbloed yo fo piniotnh atth erwea sl ittle
anarchisimn G ermanya ndt hatth osaen archistthse rwee re
contribuntoetdh intgoa narchitshto ughAt .s imilavri ewc ontends
thatth eG ermana narchimsotv ementw asi neffectaunadml e an­
inglessso f ara s producianngy l astirnegs ultasr ec oncerned.
G.D.HC.o lew rites":In GermanyA narchisnme vert ookh old;
..a.f teJro hanMno sta ndW ilhelHma sselmanhna dl eftth ec oun­
tryG,e rmana narchislma ckelde aderasn,d t heG ermansm ade
no Significcaonntt ributtioAo nna rchitshte ory.D"el rg rosse
Broc]\:hsa ustates":I nG ermanyo nt heo thehra nd[ asc ompared
2
too thecro untrietsh]e rwee reo nlyi nsignifiacnaanrtc hists."
James Joinn h isr ecenbto okr elates":I nG ermany. .t.h ea nar­
chiswte rel imitetdot hosien dividuwahlosh adb eeni nd irect
contacwti tht hef olleorwso fB akuniann dG uillaumient heJ ura."
Aftetrh ea ssassinatoifpo onl icPer esideRnutm pfi n1 885
Anarchiisdte aisn G ermanys oonv irtuya lvlanished,
excepatm onga fewb ohemiainn tellectsuuaclhas s
theB avariawnr iter, GuLsatnadva uera,n da few
dissideSnotc iaDle mocratsw how eree xpelled from
the sociaplairsttfy o ra dvocating drierveocltu tioyn ar
action.3
Thisi st heo nlyt imeL andauern'asm ei sm entioneind
Joll'bso ok.E richM iihsam isn otm entioneadta lla ndR udolf
Rockeri sa ccordeodn lyt wor eferencienst het extJ.o ll'bso ok
isn otu nusuailn t hirse spectL.a ndauetrh,e a narchisutn,t il
recentwlays n earlay f orgottfeing urien G ermanya,l though
Landauetrh,e S hakespearsecahno lahra,s c ontinuteodb e very
mucha liv4e .
TheP roudT ower,w hichB arbarTau chmana versi sa
"portraoiftt h ew orldb eforteh ew ar,1 890-149,1"d ismisses
anarchisimn G ermanyw itht hef ollowirnegm arks:
Thats overei[gWni lliIaIm]h adl itttloef earh,o wever,
fromt heA narchisotfsh iso wnc ountrfyo,r t hel ast
twow hoh ada ttemptteodk ilhli sg randfat[haetrt empts
byf fodealn dN obHinogn t heL ifeo fW illiaIm i n1 878J
1
2 AnarchiinGs emr amny(1 )
werteh e alnadts htoe n layc tiviOstthwseir.s Gee,r ­
manA narchrimesatisn tehde oriesxtcesfp,ot tr oh se
whog oatw atyo A mericGae.ra mnwse rneo fti fto r
AnacrhisamsB, ak unihna ds aiwdit hd sidaifnow,ri th
thepiars sifoonArsu thor"itthywe,ay n ttob ea to nce
botmha stearnsd slaanvAde nasrc hisamcc epts
neit."h5 e r
Althoouvgehr oneo-ftt hebeno kto h idsev otteoda d icsussion
ofa nacrhistmh,is sh osrtta temiestn hte omnelnyt iooftn h e
anarcmhoivsetem nitn G eramnyT.o s ubtsantitahcteoe n tention
thatth Gee rmawnesr neo "tf fiotar na rchisTmu,clhlmq auno tes
MikhaBialk unIitwn o.u ld tsoeb eeim n congrtuoco iutBsea kunin,
whosree mains hmaodl dbiseniegnn 1c 8e7 a6s,a na uthority for
thseu scteipvoiftt yh Gee rmapne optloae na rchisfmot rh e
yeasr1 8901-4.1 T9uchmarne1msa rokns tGheer maanna rhcist
moveemnatr seh awl alnomdi saldeiansgt hisst uwdiyld le mon­
strate.
Int hree psetceGde rmaenn coypceldHiaan,d worrbtuech
deSrt aaitssnswscehafKta,rD li ewhrlit es:
Inc ompartiost ohne Romance countries the anarchist
movemeinnGt e rmawnaysn evetroa ttagirne iamt­
poartnceT.o bseur teh,ie d eoafsi n dividaunaalri­st
chisfmo uhned rienS tirnoenroe,f t heiimrop rtant
advocaAtnaersc.h iidsetea vso kaec de traianm ount
oft heoreitneitrceaslt d iasncdiu osnBs.u tt haen ar­
chimsotv emeinnGt e rmnayn evearci hevaendyS ignif­
icapnotl itaictciavlin toydr, i tdh gero upo ragnizations
ata nyt imaep rpoaacn hu meriscieazw lh iccho dub le
considiemrpeoadrn ttU.n quieosntatbhlreyi gciedn ­
traliziantt hiSeoo nc iDaelm orcatoircg anization,
whicdhom inattehwde o rkemrosvle meanntdr eejtced
alalna rchpiasrtt iculcanortirsimb,tu otth eids6 .
The Freennccoyhpc eldLiaaG ,r anEdneco lpectiree,l attheast
Contrtaotr hyce o untarbioewusht i cwheh avbee en
speakFirnagn, Scpea,i Itna,l Syw,ti zlearnBde,gl ium,
it niosft r otmh Hea guCeo ngroefs1 s8 7a2tw, h ich
timteh despi utbee tweMeanr axn dB akunin resulted
ina d ivisoifto hnIe n tneartiotnhaalt, m ounstetr ace
thoer iingosf t hbee ngniionfgt haen aricsmhto vement
inG ermanIyt. is ltameurcah,f ttehrae s susination
Intdruoction 3
attemopftH osd e[lM ay1 11,87 ]8a ndD r.N obiUng
[Ju2n,e1 817,8u poEnm peroWri lliama,f tatenhrde
enactmoeftn htSe o ciaLlaiws[O tct obe2r11 ,8 8]7,
thatth devi isiooftn h Gee ramns oacliipsatr tryes ulted,
lesasm onagu thtoarriisaa nnd anartchhabines ttwse en
palraimeanrtainasn dr eovlutrioin,ema soderataensd
extrsetm7si .
Theraer egr aionfts r tuhi nb otohft hesstea tements,
butm aintlhye ayr em isleadTihneGg e.r amna narchdiisdt s
morteh asni atro unbde egra rdedniss custshitenh ge oretical
aspecotfas na rchisTmh.e rwee rger opust hat lwaerregene o ugh
tob ec nosdieredi mportaTnhte.rw ee rGee ramna narchists
activienb othG eramnya ndt hIen ternaltoinobgne aflot rhee
asasssinataitotne mopft1 s87 8.
Ia mo ft hoep intihoanat n archdidisp ml aayr olien
shaipntgh dee stionfyG eramnyi nt he1 9tahn d2 0tchen truies.
Howevtehri,is nf leunccea ntnb oes eeni fo nee xanmieson ltyh e
positiavtetm aeinntosft haen archiinGs etrsam ny.I fo,n the
othhearn ,do neex amintheesni erg atiinvfeeln ucheew ilslo on
dsicvoetrh at msapunpyr sevisem easurweesre ena cdta esa
resulotfa na narchdiedse.tT heS ociaLlaiwsp,tr o mptebdytw o
attempotnst hlei foefW illiIai mn1 878,w ast hfei srts uch
measrue.T himse asuarfef ecntoeotdn ltyh aen archbiustt s,
everywohnowe a si nrteesdt eidne veloap riensgnp sobilpea ral­i
mentagroyv ernmienGn etr many.
Substaanmtoiuanlot fms a teriaarlaesv ailoanbt lhee
leandgai narchfiisgtu sruecsah s B akunPirno,du hoGno,d win,
KrpootkiMna,l ateGsotlad,m aTno,l stRoeyc,l uTsu,c ker, and
Stierr.n A gredaeta olfr esearicsrh e quitrole odc ate material
ont hlee sskenro-wtnh,o hui gmporatnta,n archfiirgseuts T.h ere
iso nt hoet her ahc aonnds idebroadboylfm e a teraivaali loanbl e
LanadueMru,h sama,n dR ockbeurt a,g aitnol, o caittre e quires
patiseenatr ncgh.Ti heg refaitg uhraevsbe e esnt udiined dep th
mantyi ems. Thel esskenro w"nca hractearnsdo "r ganizations
havbee eanl blu fto rgoetxtcpeenti nt hcer ubmlipnagg eosf
somlei etk-tnlowann archist omfwo hnitchhl yoo nnecl opyy i st o
bef ouindn tehnet iwroer lMda.n yo ft haen arcnheiswspta eprs
hada s malclic ruliaotann wde rperi ntoends ucchh eappae pr
thatth ehyav en ostu rvveidt hrea vagoefts i m.e Thisa lisso
truoeft hpea mphloeftt hsae na rchiwshtiscw he rseo i mportant
ins preadtihnemgie rs sagFeu.r thienrf ormattihoipnsr b oolne m
cabn ef ounidnt hbei blipohyg.rS auffiictte o s atyh atth lea rge