Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s Textbook of Microbiology

672 Pages·2006·34.09 MB·English

SEVENTH EDITITGN

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Dr. R. Ananthanarayan
17.8.1913-6.2.1998

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SEVENTH EDITION

‘and

Coons janarayan
‘ Bier

Textbook
of
Microbiology

ii
Copyrighted material
SEVENTH EDITION

and

Anorpyzoorn
‘aniker’s
Textbook

of
Microbiology

(Lote) R Ananthanarayan
BA, MBBS (Matias, 08, AD london)

Formerly, Prokesior of Microbiology,
Medical Cllages Cokeut, Kotoyom, Trivandrum ond Gulbarga
cond Adviser tothe DHS, Kerala, on Laboratory Services

CK Jayaram Paniker
ry
Ferme, Director Professor of Microbiology and Principal,
Mati Colege, Coit, Kel

This eon died by
CK Joyaram Poniker

)

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Preface to the Seventh Edition

‘Only four years have passed since the sith edition of Textbook of Microbiology was published, but pid developments
in the subject have made a new edition necessary. During this short period, new infectious diseases have ermex
or re-emerged in new forms. For example, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus appeared suddenly
‘causing death and panic in many countries, and the Bird Fi virus posed repeated pandemic threats

Microbiology has become an increasingly important discipline, set to face new challenges. Exciting advances in
diagnostic microbiology using sophisticated techniques can help inthe rapid identification of new pathogens and
serve to contain them. This was shown bythe identification ofthe new SARS virus within weeks by concerted multi-
disciplinary international effort. While such scientific progres is boon, some fit can he potentially dangerous, as
forinstance in the recent case of chemical synthesis ofa complete pathogenic poliovirus in the laboratory.

In this edition, the seventh, relevant new information has been added and all chapters revised and updated,
‘maintaining the general format ofthe book.’The Textbook of Microbiology has been in use now for more than &
quarter ofa century. Ithas benefited greatly from the comments and suggestions from students, teachers and other
readers

‘Their help is grateflly acknowledged.

CK. Jayaram Paniker
Shanthi, 178835, Bast Ht Road
Cal, Ke 67 06,

Pretace to the First Edition

‘Many of the heath problems in developing countries like India are different ftom those of developed countries,
Bacterial diseases til play a considerable role in diseases in our country. Topics such as cholera and enteric diseases
are important tous though only of ess or academic interest tothe developed counties. The increasing importance
of the newer knowledge in immunology to health and disease is not adequately stressed in most ofthe extant
textbooks. Virus diseases which are responsible for nearly 60 per cent of human illness require wider coverage. The
general approach othe teaching of microbiology in our country has also been rather static. All these Factors called for
textbook of microbiology more sited to countries ike India

We therefore undertook this endeavour based on our experience of teaching undergraduates and postgraduates for
lover two decades. We omitted the discipline of parasitology from our book since we already have an excellent
textbook on the subject published in India

‘This book has taken usover three years to write and over a year in publication, Naturally we would be out of date to
2 certain and inevitable extent. We do not claim any perfection. On the contrary, we have requested medical
students and teachers all over the country to write tous about any shortcomings and give us suggestions a to howe
to improve the book. We shall spare no pains in seeing that theie valuable suggestions are given effect to in our
second edition

R.Ananthanarayan
CK Jayaram Paniker
Acknowledgements

For kind permission to use illustrations, supply of photographs, helpful suggestions and advice, the author is
indebted to the following organisations and persons:

‘World Health Organization; Indian Council of Medical Research; National Institute of Virology Pune; De G.
Balkrish Nai, Dr. ANN. Ghosh, Dr. TN. Naik and De Triveni Krishnan of National Institute of Cholera and
Enteric diseases, Calcutta, Prof. M. Mathan and Prof T. Jacob John of Christian Medial College, Vlloe, Prof.
‘Arun Chitale,Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai Dr. SIM. Sirsa, Cancer Research Insitute, Mumbai; Prof. M.D. Mathur,
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Prof. J. Shanmugharn, SCT Medical Centre, Trivandrum,
Dr. Giria G. Rao, Medical College, Calicur; Dr. G.M. Warke, HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai
Contents

Par
istorical L

2.__Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria 7

Sterilisat Disinfect z

4 Culture Media 34

Culture Methods 39

44

48

Tent * Bases
7._ Bacterial Taxonomy

Tasers Gone 5
Pant U

2 Infection 64
10. Immunity nm
T__Antigens 80
12.__ Antibodies—Immunoglobulins 4
13,_Antigen~Antibody Reactions 92
14. Complement System 110
15, Structure and Functions of the Immune System ii7
16,__Immune Response 133
17.__Immunodeficiency Diseases 152
18. Hypersensitivity 159
19. Autoimmunity 169
20,__Immunology of Transplantation and Malignan 176
21.__Immunohematology 184

Part IN
22.__ Staphylococcus 192
23.__ Streptococcus 202
24, Pneumacoceus 216

Neisseria 222

Copyrighted material
26. Corynebacterium 231

2 Bacillus 241
28__Clostridis 248
29, Nonsporing Anaerobes 266
31,_Enterobacteriaceae TI: Shigella 285
32__Enterobacteriaceae I: Salmonella 290
Vibris 30!
34__ Pseudomonas 319
35.__Yersinia, Pasteut Francisella 324
36, Haemophilus 333
Bordetella 339
a Brucella 34!
39. Mycobacterium I: Tuberculosis 351
40,_ Mycobacterium II: Atypical Mycobacteria 365
41,_ Mycobacterium I: M. Leprac 370
®B._ Spirochetes 377
43._ Mycoplasma 395
44. Actinomycetes 400
45,__ Miscellaneous Bacteria 403
46, Rickettsiaceae 412
47. Chlamydiae 422
Part IV
48.__ General Properties of Viruses 430
5 owt ineeastions: Vind Taleo
50, Bacteriophage 461
51, Poxviruses 468
52. Herpesviruses 474,
. Adenoviruses 486
54, Picornaviruses 490
55. Orthomyxovirus 501
56. Paramyxoviruses 512
$7.__Arboviruses 21

58. Rhabdoviruses 535