This page intentionally left blank AnalyzingPopularMusic Howdowe‘know’music?Weperformit,wecomposeit,wesingitinthe shower,wecook,sleepanddancetoit.Eventuallywethinkandwriteaboutit. Thisbookrepresentstheculminationofsuchsharedprocesses.Eachofthese essays,writtenbyleadingwritersonpopularmusic,isanalyticalinsomesense, butnoneofthemtreatsanalysisasanendinitself.Thebookpresentsawide rangeofgenres(rock,dance,TVsoundtracks,country,pop,soul,easy listening,TurkishArabesk)anddealswithissuesasbroadasmethodology, modernism,postmodernism,Marxismandcommunication.Itaimsto encouragelistenerstothinkmoreseriouslyaboutthe‘social’consequencesof themusictheyspendtimewithandisthefirstcollectionofsuchessaysto incorporatecontextualizationinthisway. allan f. mooreisProfessorofPopularMusicandHeadoftheDepartment ofMusicandSoundRecordingattheUniversityofSurrey.Heisauthorof Rock:ThePrimaryTextandeditorofTheCambridgeCompaniontoBluesand GospelMusic.Heisalsoco-editorofthejournalsPopularMusicandTwentieth- CenturyMusic. Analyzing Popular Music edited by allan f. moore Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521771207 © Cambridge University Press 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2003 - isbn-13 978-0-511-06669-6 eBook (NetLibrary) - isbn-10 0-511-06669-4 eBook (NetLibrary) - isbn-13 978-0-521-77120-7 hardback - isbn-10 0-521-77120-X hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Acknowledgement [vi] Contributors [vii] 1 Introduction[1] AllanF.Moore 2 Popularmusicanalysis:tenapothegmsandfourinstances[16] RobertWalser 3 Fromlyrictoanti-lyric:analyzingthewordsinpopsong[39] DaiGriffiths 4 Thesoundis‘outthere’:score,sounddesignandexoticismin TheX-Files [60] RobynnJ.Stilwell 5 Feelthebeatcomedown:housemusicasrhetoric[80] StanHawkins 6 Thedeterminingroleofperformanceinthearticulationofmeaning: thecaseof‘TryaLittleTenderness’[103] RobBowman 7 MarxistmusicanalysiswithoutAdorno:popularmusicandurban geography[131] AdamKrims 8 JethroTullandthecaseformodernisminmassculture[158] AllanF.Moore 9 Pangsofhistoryinlate1970snew-waverock[173] JohnCovach 10 Isanybodylistening?[196] ChrisKennett 11 Talkandtext:popularmusicandethnomusicology[218] MartinStokes Bibliography [240] Discography [258] Film/Videography [260] Index [261] v Acknowledgement PermissiontoquotetheREMsong‘Nightswimming’isgratefullyacknowl- edgedfromWarner-Chappell. vi Contributors ALLANF.MOOREisProfessorofPopularMusicandHeadofthe DepartmentofMusicandSoundRecordingattheUniversityofSurrey. AuthorofRock:ThePrimaryText (2ndedn2001)andTheBeatles:Sgt. Pepper’sLonelyHeartsClubBand(1997),hehaspublishedarticleson Yes,U2,BigCountry,theBeatles,FrankZappa,rockmusictheoryand musicalmodernismandhascontributedextensivelytotherevisedNew Grove.HeisajointeditorofPopularMusicandisontheeditorialboard ofPopularMusicology. ROBBOWMANistheauthorofSoulsvilleUSA:TheStoryofStaxRecords whichwonthe1998ASCAP-Deems-TaylorandARSCAwardsfor ExcellenceinMusicResearch.In1996hewontheGrammyinthe ‘BestAlbumNotes’categoryforthemonographaccompanyingthe ten-CDboxTheCompleteStax/VoltSinglesvol.3,whichhealso co-produced.Inthepasttenyearshehascompiledandwrittenliner notesformorethan100CDreissues.HeisAssociateProfessorofMusic atYorkUniversity,Toronto. JOHNCOVACHisAssociateProfessorofMusicattheUniversityof NorthCarolinaatChapelHill.Co-editorofUnderstandingRock(1997), hehasalsoeditedspecialissuesofContemporaryMusicReviewandhas writtenwidely,particularlyonProgressiveRockandonthephilosophy ofmusic. DAIGRIFFITHSisPrincipalLecturerinMusicatOxfordBrookes University.HehaspublishedarticlesonsongsbyJohnCale,BobDylan, MichelleShocked,BruceSpringsteenandAntonWebern.Otherrecent papershaveincludedbookchaptersoncoverversionsandonthehistory ofpopmusicsincepunk. STANHAWKINSisAssociateProfessorofMusicologyattheDepartment ofMusicandTheatre,UniversityofOslo,whereheteachescoursesin popularmusic.Inadditiontohisbook,SettlingthePopScore:PopTexts andIdentity(2002)hehaspublishednumerousarticlesandchaptersin vii contributors thefieldofpopularmusicstudies.Heiscurrentlychiefeditorof PopularMusicologyOnlineandtheNorwegianchairfortheNordic BranchofIASPM(InternationalAssociationfortheStudyofPopular Music). CHRISKENNETTincludesamonghisresearchinterestspopmusic sociology,thecognition,perceptionandanalysisofmusicinretail environments,andfilmmusictheory,inadditiontohislong-held interestinpitch-classsettheory.HehastaughtattheUniversitiesof Bristol,Reading,Nottingham,Exeter,ThamesValleyandatGoldsmith’s College,andiscurrentlyResearcherinSoundMediaattheUniversity ofWestminster.HewritesforjournalsincludingMusicAnalysis,Popular MusicandComputerMusicJournal. ADAMKRIMSisAssociateProfessorofMusicandDirectoroftheInstitute forPopularMusicattheUniversityofAlberta.AuthorofRapMusicand thePoeticsofIdentity(2000)andeditorofMusic/Ideology:Resistingthe Aesthetic(1998),hehaspublishednumerousessaysandarticleson music,Marxism,urbangeographyandculturaltheory. ROBYNNJ.STILWELLisAssistantProfessorofMusicatGeorgetown University.Hermainresearchinterestslieinmusicasculturaltextand intheinteractionofmusicandmovement.Shehaspublishedontopics asdiverseasPhilCollins,DieHardandTorvillandDean,andhas recentlyeditedaspecialissueofPopularMusicandSocietydealingwith popularmusicandnationalandethnicidentitiesinthewakeofrecent politicalchange.Sheiscurrentlyworkingonabook,Recontextualizing Music:TheUseofPre-existingMusicinFilm. MARTINSTOKESistheauthorofTheArabeskDebate:Musicand MusiciansinModernTurkey(1992),theeditorofEthnicity,Identityand Music:TheMusicalConstructionofPlace(1994),co-editorof Nationalism,MinoritiesandDiasporas:IdentitiesandRightsintheMiddle East (1996)andofaspecialissueofthejournalPopularMusiconthe MiddleEast(1996).HehaspublishedarticlesinPopularMusic,New Formations,TheBritishJournalofEthnomusicology,TheJournalofthe RoyalAnthropologicalInstitute,theMiddleEastReport,theNewGrove DictionaryofMusicandMusicians,andelsewhere.Currentlyheisan AssociateProfessorintheDepartmentofMusicattheUniversity ofChicago. viii