Table Of Content

ANALYZING MARX Analyzing Marx Morality, Power and History RICHARD W. MILLER Princeton University Press Copyright © 1984 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Guildford, Surrey All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data will be found on the last printed page of this book ISBN 0-691-06613-2 (cloth) 0-691-01413-2 (pbk) This book has been composed in Linotron Janson Clothbound editions of Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Paperbacks, although satisfactory for personal collections, are not usually suitable for library rebinding Printed in the United States of America by Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey To Peggy Contents Note on References and Acknowledgments xi Introduction 3 Uses for Marx, Uses for Philosophy 3 Two Versions of Marx 8 MORALITY Chapter One: Against Morality 15 The Distinctness of Morality 16 Equality 19 Equal Distribution 20 Equal Rights 22 A Mistake about Marx and Rights 27 Equal Concern 30 Utilitarianism 31 A Utilitarian Marx 35 Generality 41 Universal Rationality 43 Ideology 45 Chapter Two: Replacing Morality 51 General Goods and Societal Goals 53 The Process of Change 60 A Model of Character 63 The Structure of a Non-morality 76 Allen Wood's Alternative 78 A Tempting Conclusion 96 POWER Chapter Three: The Concept of a Ruling Class 101 Introduction 101 A Charge of Neglect 104 vii CONTENTS What Is a Ruling Class? 105 The State and Revolution 114 Testability 126 Structuralism and Instrumentalism 129 A Good Question 136 Chapter Four: Questions of Power in Political Theory 142 Pluralism and Its Discontents 142 The Fate of Pluralism 152 Ruling Classes and Power Elites 157 Functionalism and Social Interests 160 The Chains of Methodology 161 Better Theories of Power 165 HISTORY Chapter Five: Productive Forces and the Forces of Change 171 Introduction 171 Marx as Technological Determinist 174 The Stakes Are High 181 Marx Was Not a Technological Determinist 188 A New Glossary 195 The Mode of Production Interpretation 205 A Broader View 213 Marx's Models and Marx's Context 217 Chapter Six: The Mode of Production and History 221 Some Objections 221 Holism 221 Materialism 226 Theories Worthy of the Name 2 31 Falsification 236 Internal/External 241 Is History like That? 253 The External, Again 268 Chapter Seven: Replacing Positivism 271 The Obstacle of Positivism 271 Vlll CONTENTS An Alternative to Positivism: Explanation 283 Causes 284 Adequate Description 287 Causal Depth 289 An Alternative to Positivism: Confirmation 292 Positivism and Politics 304 Index 315 IX