Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7314 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Khalid Al-Begain Dieter Fiems Jean-Marc Vincent (Eds.) Analytical and Stochastic Modeling Techniques and Applications 19th International Conference, ASMTA 2012 Grenoble, France, June 4-6, 2012 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors KhalidAl-Begain UniversityofGlamorgan FacultyofAdvancedTechnology Pontypridd,UK E-mail:[email protected] DieterFiems GhentUniversity DepartmentTELIN Gent,Belgium E-mail:dieter.fi[email protected] Jean-MarcVincent LaboratoireLIG,projetMescal Grenoble,France E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-30781-2 e-ISBN978-3-642-30782-9 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-30782-9 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012938994 CRSubjectClassification(1998):C.2,D.2.4,D.2.8,D.4,C.4,H.3,F.1 LNCSSublibrary:SL2–ProgrammingandSoftwareEngineering ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 19th International Confer- ence on Analytical and Stochastic Modelling and Applications (ASMTA 2012) which was held in Grenoble, France. ASMTA conferences have become estab- lishedqualityeventsinthecalendarofanalytical,numericalandevensimulation experts in Europe and wellbeyond.In addition to regularparticipants fromthe main centers of expertise from the UK, Belgium, Germany, Belarus, France, Italy, Latvia, Hungary and many other countries, we received newcomers with interestingcontributionsfromothercountriessuchasKorea,JapanandSweden. The quality of this year’s program was exceptionally high. The conference committee was extremely selective this year, accepting only 20 papers. As ever, the International Program Committee reviewed the submissions critically and in detail, thereby assisting the Program Chairs in making the final decision as well as in providing the authors with useful comments to improve their papers. We would therefore like to thank every member of the Program Committee for their time and efforts. WeareverygratefulforthegeneroussupportoftheUniversit´eJosephFourier, and their efforts for organizing the conference. We thank the authors and participants for their contribution to ASMTA 2012. 4 June 2012 Khalid Al-Begain Dieter Fiems Jean-Marc Vincent Organization Conference Chair Khalid Al-Begain University of Glamorgan, UK Program Chairs Dieter Fiems Ghent University, Belgium Jean-Marc Vincent Universit´e Joseph Fourier, France Program Committee Sergey Andreev Tampere University of Technology, Finland Jonatha Anselmi BasqueCenterforAppliedMathematics,Spain Konstantin Avrachenkov INRIA Sophia-Anitipolis, France Jeremy Bradley Imperial College London, UK Herwig Bruneel Ghent University, Belgium Giuliano Casale Imperial College, UK Hind Castel Institut Telecom-Telecom SudParis, France Koen De Turck Ghent University, Belgium Alexander Dudin Belarusian State University, Belarus Antonis Economou University of Athens, Greece Paulo Fernandes Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Jean-Michel Fourneau University of Versailles, France Rossano Gaeta University of Turin, Italy Marco Gribaudo Politecnico di Milano, Italy Yezekael Hayel Univeristy of Avignon, France Andras Horvath University of Turin, Italy Helen Karatza Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece William Knottenbelt Imperial College, UK Lasse Leskel¨a University of Jyva¨skyla¨, Finland Remco Litjens TNO ICT, The Netherlands Andrea Marin University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Italy Don McNickle University of Canterbury, New Zealand Panayotis Mertikopoulos Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France Yoni Nazarathy Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Jos´e Nin˜o-Mora Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain Antonio Pacheco Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal Balakrishna Prabhu Laas-CNRS, France Matteo Sereno University of Turin, Italy VIII Organization Bruno Sericola INRIA Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique, France Janos Sztrik Lajos Kossuth University, Hungary Miklo´s Telek Budapest University of Technology, Hungary Nigel Thomas University of Newcastle, UK Corinne Touati INRIA Grenoble, France Dietmar Tutsch University of Wuppertal, Germany Kurt Tutschku University of Vienna, Austria Benny van Houdt University of Antwerp, Belgium Sabine Wittevrongel Ghent University, Belgium Katinka Wolter Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany Michele Zorzi University of Padova, Italy Table of Contents Queueing Systems I QueueingSystemMAP/M/N asaModelofCallCenterwithCall-Back Option ......................................................... 1 Chesoong Kim, Olga Dudina, Alexander Dudin, and Sergey Dudin Two Way Communication Retrial Queues with Balanced Call Blending........................................................ 16 Tuan Phung-Duc and Wouter Rogiest Analysis of a Two-Class FCFS Queueing System with Interclass Correlation...................................................... 32 Herwig Bruneel, Tom Maertens, Bart Steyaert, Dieter Claeys, Dieter Fiems, and Joris Walraevens The Virtual Waiting Time in a Finite-Buffer Queue with a Single Vacation Policy.................................................. 47 Wojciech M. Kempa Networking Applications Analysis of Periodically Gated Vacation Model and Its Application to IEEE 802.16 Network ............................................ 61 Zsolt Saffer, Sergey Andreev, and Yevgeni Koucheryavy Combined CAC and Forced Handoff for Mobile Network Performability................................................... 76 Idriss-Ismael Aouled and Hind Castel-Taleb Modeling CSMA/CA in VANET................................... 91 Anh Tuan Giang and Anthony Busson Consolidation and Replication of VMs Matching Performance Objectives ...................................................... 106 Marco Gribaudo, Pietro Piazzolla, and Giuseppe Serazzi Queueing Systems II Analysis of a Discrete-Time Queue with Geometrically Distributed Service Capacities................................................ 121 Herwig Bruneel, Joris Walraevens, Dieter Claeys, and Sabine Wittevrongel X Table of Contents Perfect Sampling of Networks with Finite and Infinite Capacity Queues ......................................................... 136 Ana Buˇsi´c, Bruno Gaujal, and Florence Perronnin A Queueing Theoretic Approach to Decoupling Inventory ............. 150 Eline De Cuypere, Koen De Turck, and Dieter Fiems Controlling Variability in Split-Merge Systems....................... 165 Iryna Tsimashenka, William Knottenbelt, and Peter Harrison Markov Chains Some Improvements for the Computation of the Steady-State Distribution of a Markov Chain by Monotone Sequences of Vectors..... 178 Jean-Michel Fourneau and Franck Quessette Mean-Field Analysis of Markov Models with Reward Feedback......... 193 Anton Stefanek, Richard A. Hayden, Mark Mac Gonagle, and Jeremy T. Bradley Lumping and Reversed Processes in Cooperating Automata ........... 212 Simonetta Balsamo, Gian-Luca Dei Rossi, and Andrea Marin Transform-Domain Solutions of Poisson’s Equation with Applications to the Asymptotic Variance ....................................... 227 Koen De Turck, Sofian De Clercq, Sabine Wittevrongel, Herwig Bruneel, and Dieter Fiems Stochastic Modelling Analytical and Stochastic Modelling of Battery Cell Dynamics......... 240 Ingemar Kaj and Victorien Konan´e Branching Processes,the Max-Plus Algebra and Network Calculus ..... 255 Eitan Altman and Dieter Fiems Efficient Generation of PH-Distributed Random Variates.............. 271 Ga´bor Horva´th, Philipp Reinecke, Miklo´s Telek, and Katinka Wolter Finding Prediction Limits for a Future Number of Failures in the Prescribed Time Interval under Parametric Uncertainty............... 286 Nicholas Nechval, Maris Purgailis, Uldis Rozevskis, Inta Bruna, and Konstantin Nechval Author Index.................................................. 303 Queueing System MAP/M/N as a Model of Call Center with Call-Back Option Chesoong Kim1, Olga Dudina2, Alexander Dudin2,(cid:2), and Sergey Dudin2 1 Sangji University,Wonju,Kangwon, 220-702, Korea 2 Belarusian StateUniversity,4, Nezavisimosti Ave., Minsk, 220030, Belarus [email protected], dudina [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. A multi-server queueing system with a Markovian Arrival Process (MAP), an infinite buffer and impatient customers useful in modelingacallcenterwithacall-backoptionisinvestigated.Theservice time of a customer by a server has an exponential distribution. If all servers are busy at a customer arrival epoch, the customer may leave the system forever or move to the buffer (such a customer is referred to as a real customer), or, alternatively, request for call-back (such a customer is referred to as a virtual customer). During a waiting period, the real customer can be impatient and can leave the system without the service or request for call-back (becomes a virtual customer). An efficient algorithm for calculating the stationary probabilities of system states is proposed. Some key performance measures are calculated. The Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the sojourn time distribution for virtual customers is derived.Some numerical results are presented. Keywords: Call Center, Call-Back, Markovian Arrival Process, Multi- ServerQueueing System. 1 Introduction Acallcenterisacentralisedofficeusedbycompaniesforreceivingandservicing their clients’ requests by telephone. The call centers are an integral part of the companies whose activities are directly related to the contact with their cus- tomers. Under increasing competition among the companies, customer’s service is becoming increasingly important, so not only the image but also the profit of thecompanydependsontheeffectiveoperationofitscallcenter.Theproblemof the effective service of a large number of calls with minimal losses of customers and minimal operating costs is of primary importance. This problem can be successfully solved by means of informing the customers about the anticipated delaysandprovidinga so calledcall-backoption. This means that the customer whodoesnotwanttowaitonthelinehasanopportunitytoleavehis(her)phone number and an operator of the call center will contact him (her) for the service (cid:2) Corresponding author. K.Al-Begain,D.Fiems,andJ.-M.Vincent(Eds.):ASMTA2012,LNCS7314,pp.1–15,2012. (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012