Analysing English Grammar Apracticalstep-by-stepintroductiontotheanalysisofEnglishgrammar,thisbook leavesthe readerconfidenttotacklethechallengesanalysinggrammarmaypose. The first textbook to take an integrated approach to function and structure in grammatical analysis, it allows students to build experience, skill and confidence inworkingwithgrammar.Theinnovative,hybridapproachcombinesanintroduc- tiontosystemicfunctionaltheorywithasolidgroundingingrammaticalstructure. Thebookapproachesgrammarinanincrementalway,enablingstudentstodevelop grammaticalskillinstages.Itisofparticularvaluetothosestartingtoworkwith functional grammar but it is also relevant for experienced readers who are inter- estedindevelopingamoresystematicapproachtogrammaticalanalysis. lise fontaine is a lecturer in the Centre for Language and Communication ResearchatCardiffUniversity. Analysing English Grammar A systemic functional introduction LISE FONTAINE CardiffUniversity cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,SãoPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521151931 #LiseFontaine2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdombytheMPGBooksGroup AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publicationdata Fontaine,Lise,author. AnalysingEnglishgrammar:asystemic-functionalintroduction/LiseFontaine,CardiffUniversity. pages cm ISBN978-0-521-19066-4–ISBN978-0-521-15193-1(Paperback) 1. Englishlanguage–Grammar. I. Title. PE1112.F6162012 425–dc23 2012015818 ISBN978-0-521-19066-4Hardback ISBN978-0-521-15193-1Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Preface page ix 1 Introduction to functional grammatical analysis 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Analysinggrammarwithinafunctionalframework 3 1.3 Anoverviewofsystemicfunctionallinguistics 4 1.4 Thegoalofgrammaticalanalysis 12 1.5 Exercises 13 1.6 Furtherreading 14 2 The unitsof language analysis 16 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Theclause:elementsandunits 19 2.3 Wordandgroupclasses 26 2.4 Aninitialviewoftheclause:representingfunctionsandstructures 37 2.5 Summary 42 2.6 Exercises 42 2.7 Furtherreading 43 3 The grammar of things: the nominal group 44 3.1 Introductiontoreferringexpressions 44 3.2 Thenominalgroup 46 3.3 Testsforrecognizingnominalgroupboundaries 63 3.4 Workedexampleofthenominalgroupanalysis 67 3.5 Exercises 70 3.6 Furtherreading 70 4 Representingexperience 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Analysingexperientialmeaning 71 4.3 Testsforanalysingprocesses,participantsandcircumstances 81 4.4 Functional–structuralviewoftheexperientialstrandofmeaning 93 4.5 Summary 107 4.6 Exercises 107 4.7 Furtherreading 108 5 Orienting language 109 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2 Goalsandlimitationsofthechapter 110 5.3 Theroleofsubjectanditsplaceintheclause 110 5.4 TheFiniteelement 115 v Contents 5.5 Modality 120 5.6 Polarity 121 5.7 Aninterpersonalviewoftheclause 122 5.8 Mood 134 5.9 Summary 137 5.10 Exercises 137 5.11 Furtherreading 138 6 Organizing language 139 6.1 Introduction 139 6.2 Atextualviewoftheclause 139 6.3 ThemeandMood 142 6.4 TypesofTheme 147 6.5 Thematicconstructions 153 6.6 AnalysingTheme 155 6.7 Texture 166 6.8 Summary 171 6.9 Exercises 172 6.10 Furtherreading 172 7 From text to clause 174 7.1 Introduction 174 7.2 TextualThemesandclauseboundaries 175 7.3 Combiningclauses 175 7.4 Identifyingclauseboundaries 180 7.5 Summary 188 7.6 Exercises 188 7.7 Furtherreading 189 8 Guidelinesfor grammatical analysis 190 8.1 Afocusonwrittentexts 190 8.2 Summaryofgrammaticaltests 191 8.3 Thethree-strandanalysis 192 8.4 Summary 216 8.5 Exercises 217 8.6 Furtherreading 218 9 There andbackagain: interpretingthe analysis 219 9.1 Introduction 219 9.2 Patternsofmeaningintext 221 9.3 Finalremarks 237 9.4 Exercises 238 9.5 Furtherreading 239 10 Answers toexercises 240 10.1 Chapter1 240 10.2 Chapter2 241 10.3 Chapter3 242 vi Contents 10.4 Chapter4 243 10.5 Chapter5 250 10.6 Chapter6 251 10.7 Chapter7 254 10.8 Chapter8 255 10.9 Chapter9 267 Notes 278 References 279 Index 282 vii
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