ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN Analog Circuit Design RF Circuits: Wide band, Front-Ends, DAC's, Design Methodology and Verification for RF andMixed-Signal Systems, Low Power and Low Voltage Edited by Michiel Steyaert Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Arthur H.M. van Roermund Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Johan H. Huijsing Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 10 1-4020-3884-4 (HB) ISBN 13 978-1-4020-3884-6 (HB) ISBN 10 1-4020-3885-2 (e-book) ISBN 13 978-1-4020-3885-2 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands. Table of Contents Preface................................................................................................ vii Part I: RF Circutis: wide band, Front-Ends, DAC’s Introduction........................................................................................ 1 Ultrawideband Transceivers John R. Long...................................................................................... 3 High Data Rate Transmission over Wireless Local Area Networks Katelijn Vleugels................................................................................ 15 Low Power Bluetooth Single-Chip Design Marc Borremans, Paul Goetschalckx................................................. 25 RF DAC’s: output impedance and distortion Jurgen Deveugele, Michiel Steyaert................................................... 45 High-Speed Bandpass ADCs R. Schreier.......................................................................................... 65 High-Speed Digital to Analog Converters Konstantinos Doris, Arthur van Roermund........................................ 91 Part II: Design Methodology and Verification for RF and Mixed-Signal Systems Introduction........................................................................................ 111 Design Methodology and Model Generation for Complex Analog Blocks Georges Gielen................................................................................... 113 Automated Macromodelling for Simulation of Signals and Noise in Mixed-Signal/RF Systems Jaijeet Roychowdhury........................................................................ 143 vi A New Methodology for System Verification of RFIC Circuit Blocks Dave Morris........................................................................................ 169 Platform-Based RF-System Design Peter Baltus ........................................................................................ 195 Practical Test and BIST Solutions for High Performance Data Converters Degang Chen...................................................................................... 215 Simulation of Functional Mixed Signal Test Damien Walsh, Aine Joyce, Dave Patrick ......................................... 243 Part III: Low Power and Low Voltage Introduction........................................................................................ 249 The Effect of Technology Scaling on Power Dissipation in Analog Circuits Klaas Bult........................................................................................... 251 Low-Voltage, Low-Power Basic Circuits Andrea Baschirotto, Stefano D’Amico, Piero Malcovati................... 291 0.5 V Analog Integrated Circuits Peter Kinget, Shouri Chatterjee, and Yannis Tsividis........................ 329 Limits on ADC Power Dissipation Boris Murmann .................................................................................. 351 Ultra Low-Power Low-Voltage Analog Integrated Filter Design Wouter A. Serdijn, Sandro A. P. Haddad, Jader A. De Lima............ 369 Wireless Inductive Transfer of Power and Data Robert Puers, Koenraad Van Schuylenbergh, Michael Catrysse, Bart Hermans ............................................................................................. 395 Preface The book contains the contribution of 18 tutorials of the 14th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Each part discusses a specific to-date topic on new and valuable design ideas in the area of analog circuit design. Each part is presented by six experts in that field and state of the art information is shared and overviewed. This book is number 14 in this successful series of Analog Circuit Design, providing valuable information and excellent overviews of analog circuit design, CAD and RF systems. These books can be seen as a reference to those people involved in analog and mixed signal design. , This years workshop was held in Limerick, Ireland and organized by B. Hunt from Analog Devices, Ireland. The topics of 2005 are: RF Circuits: wide band, front-ends, DAC's Design Methodology and Verification of RF and Mixed- Signal Systems Low Power and Low Voltage The other topics covered before in this series: 1992 Scheveningen (NL): Opamps, ADC, Analog CAD 1993 Leuven (B): Mixed-mode A/D design, Sensor interfaces, Communication circuits 1994 Eindhoven (NL) Low-power low-voltage, Integrated filters, Smart power viii 1995 Villach (A) Low-noise/power/voltage, Mixed-mode with CAD tools, Volt., curr. & time references 1996 Lausanne (CH) RF CMOS circuit design, Bandpass SD & other data conv., Translinear circuits 1997 Como (I) RF A/D Converters, Sensor & Actuator interfaces, Low-noise osc., PLLs & synth. 1998 Copenhagen (DK) 1-volt electronics, Design mixed-mode systems, LNAs & RF poweramps telecom 1999 Nice (F) XDSL and other comm. Systems, RF-MOST models and behav. m., Integrated filters and oscillators 2000 Munich (D) High-speed A/D converters, Mixed signal design, PLLs and Synthesizers 2001 Noordwijk (NL) Scalable analog circuits, High-speed D/A converters, RF power amplifiers 2002 Spa (B) Structured Mixed-Mode Design, Multi-bit Sigma-Delta Converters, Short Range RF Circuits 2003 Graz (A) Fractional-N Synthesis, Design for Robustness, Line and Bus Drivers ix 2004 Montreux (Sw) Sensor and Actuator Interface Electronics, Integrated High- Voltage Electronics and Power Management, Low-Power and High-Resolution ADC's I sincerely hope that this series provide valuable contributions to our Analog Circuit Design community. Michiel. Steyaert Part I: RF Circuits: wide band, Front-Ends, DAC's The trends in RF circuits is since several years towards the fully integration. Secondly we see the further requirements to the needs of higher data-rates and as such higher bandwidths. The discussion of shifting the digital boundary closers and closer to the antenna, results in the ever increasing requirements for AD/DA converters. For that in this part the different trends are discussed trough different systems over different building blocks. The first topic addresses a total different communication systems: UWB (Ultra Wide Band). There are two approaches towards ultra wide band systems. The first is an 'extension'of the WLAN OFDM system, the other one is the use of impulse radio systems. For the later one, new architecture, new circuit structures and new topologies are required. As such still a long way has to be performed. The first approach is basically an extension of the WLAN. For that the second paper handles in detail WLAN systems. The many years of research in those systems has resulted nowadys in the extremely high integration in RF CMOS. The third paper addresses even more standard products , Bluetooth devices. Low power, fully integration deals nowadays with digital interference effects and the requirements towards deep submicron. The next three papers deal with the AD/DA converters. The first and the last one deal with design issues for DAC topologies with clock rates reaching 1GHz. It is clear that at that moment dynamic performances are becoming the dominant issue. Especially the finite output impedance of the topologies, in combination with the signal dependency results in important distortion components. The last paper deals in detail about the timing issues and design trade offs for the master-slave latch and driver circuits. The last but one paper discusses high speed band pass ADC's. To perform AD conversion at a high IF frequency, continuous time ADC's are proposed. Implementation issues are discussed and by using active RC integrators, high performance and high integration can be obtained, however at the cost of power drain. Michiel Steyaert
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