Analisi strutturale ed esegesi biblica

115 Pages·1973·3.59 MB·Italian

by  R. Barthes

CollaUnNaIV ERCSROI STIANO
Diretta Gdiao rgGioo zze!ino
Titoloor iginale
Analysster uctureatel xe6 gi)bsieb lique
© Delacheta uNxi estlNée,u chAtel
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SOCIETÀ. EDITBICIEN'l' EBlfA. ZIO.!fA.LE
Proprireitàs ervata alla
SOCIETÀE DITRICIEN TERNAZIONALE
OfficinGer afiScEhI•e T orino
Apri1l9e7 •3 M .E .4 0994
PREMESSA
Nef/ebbrdea/i1o9 71l,aF acolTteàlo odgpiira o tedset'laUlnntie­
versdiiGt iàn evorrag anuiniz cnzoòn dterdoai tacol aln'alsistir utturale
ea llg'eesbsiiec balE.ir ansot aitvniit daueto ir atRoorlia:Bn adr thes,
dd/a Ecolper atiqdueesH auteEst udedsi P agriia,l lporrfeoas sore
inviptraetslosa Fo a codlitL àe ttdeiGr inee vreJa e,a Snt arobinski,
prfeossaolrFleae c odliLt eàt tede iMr eed iincdeal Uln'ivedriGs inievtràa .
Entramabcic ettcaorroteennsote esm,id t eteve i taa cuodnsi aìl forag o
bibleci rsitltiei tctie rari.
Quesictnoon tcrhooec, c udpuòe serartieu,n eisvtetiigidt e,eel oogi,
criltteitceir satroird,ie clllitea t eraetl uignruaisd tii nGwiread ella
Svizzreormaa. nL d'aintfeura esssvsavieio N .e dlbi atticthi)se e glueì
comcuanziisoinn oiti ònp articchoel airbt eir bal sipis rtoif ildauvea no
tendenPzegerl. ui n ila,r adsitceo rdietcle asr tiaomn uen d atdoac ui
noèn p osspirbeislcei pnedgrel arile t;lr p'ipra,o clceitot eers atur1ti ­o
turparlpoeo sdtaoB artehd eaSs t abrioncsoknis deimn ettet meergel io
inl uclear icchdeeztlze a.s to
Ins geuiat oq uiecnsotnita rii ,qa uvaelevilga is tepsasropt aetcoi,
PierreB artdhrieelt,tde olrleeed inzii olgtoiecodhiDe elachea uixNe ­
stlséo,l lleapc uibltcibòa ziionvn oel udemlelc eof enrenzdeec lo qlul.io o
Il letttroorvqeeu rriià u nciotnit rdiiiR b oultaBina dr thdiJe easn S et aro­
binskMien.t riel pcriih maco o gnnsaetsoen zsao nsztiamaolifidic hiel
testo deeplsolsai zsuiiaslo e nceoo,h n apd rfeerirtioe laebc oormaprlee ­
tarielsu oi,lc h sepi eagl ad ievraoa mpiedeiz zdauc eo ntributi.
Anziccahcécp oagnmarqeu ecsvtfener enczoeln e d iusscsicohenl ie
hansngeou iètp ea,r psrfoee ridbailrlape a roald aue egs eetRii.ls tuava
copsiìfù ac imleet tiener veei ndzipa u ndtici o nteal tedt ieovgr enfzrae
il meteogsdeeote i clloee t ptruorpeoo gsigt edc ariil teitctiIler parrfoesi­.
sorReo beMrartt Aicnh-adrdd/,Fe a codliTt eàlo ogdiia Giend evir a
Neuchatceihl ai, n dicsaultlabo as,ed etle sdtelol' AnTteicsot amento
5
utilizdaz aRtool anBda rthqeusa,les ilaa su a pratideclal 'eseeg esi,
ip rincirispualltiao ttit enuctomile tosdot orico-cFr.Ji-.tL ieceon.h ardt,
profesosnoorreade rlilo' UnivdeirG siintevàrc aio, ff rdea p arstueau na
analdiestlie sbtiob lsicceold taJo e aSnt arobiSnits rkait.dti ua n s aggio
chel 'autaovreeve ala borapteoru sop ersonianvle ù tdeal colloquio.
F.-LJe.e nhanrodnst e gpureo prialmevt: indeetl el 'esceognetseim poranea,
laq ualdei,s tingluaer neddoa zidoanlelt ar adizriiocneelr,ac g aen esi
delt esetl oa su a radis'cteu ricNao.ir1 i troviianmq ou esptaeg iln'eo ri­
ginaldiiut nmà e tocdhune o na ccelet ptaar odl'eo rddiiun neas cuoldae ­
termin2aL taa sua . analicshien, o ne siat ar icorarlelrpaes icanalisi,
dimoscthreai lp roblemnao np uòl imitaalrls'ia lternfraat eisveag esi
storico-ecr ainatliisscita r uttmau rcahledei ,v evriesd e' accaelst seos to
biblsiicr oi velano neef ceecsosnadreie.
PierBraer thheali nfinrei tenuotpop ortcuhneio lv olusmiea prisse
conu nt esdt'oi ntrodaulzlsioto rnuet turcahlioeù amvoev,oc oncepiint o
particpoelrua nrp eu bbltiecdoe sSceqo u.e sptagei nneo nd irannnuol la
din uovaog lsip eciaploitsrtaifn,on ros e oriille entttasorcreoe n,c ertato
dallam oltepldeii cliatvào ri streud tatlulr'aerlmiedestltislitma eo r minolo­
giai mpiegata.
Dip roposqiuteos rtaac conlotnra e caalt ermniensesu na conclusione.
La discussiinotnoear nsot ruttureadel sisemgoèe aspip ecnoam inciata,
eq uesctiso c onspiegirllm io am enotgont ie ntadtisi ivnot meestio dologica.
Questianb, r evleag, e nesi delCli'a oupgeurraic.ah meiol ettneo ri
traggqaunaolc hper ofitcthoae;v vertsaenn oon,a ltrcoo,mle ' eseszg"eas i
unas cienvziav Fao.n dastuadis ciplriingeo reossseèa ,c ostantemente
1.R inviaimlloe ttionrtee reasds autno' ecsheemg iersaiid efinirlea p reistoria
detle setl o' appdoertlorl ead azfiinoanleae g,ls itu dsie gueCnHt.Mi AS:S ONL,e dé­
moniaqu.e de Gérasa( Mare5 .1 -2in0 )Ve,r lse sso urcde'eas u vive. Etuedxeésg èesdte'
de théolodug iNeo uveaTue stamenLta, usan1n9e6 1p,p .2 0-3P7.;L AM ARCHE,
Le possédedé Géras(aM at8. .2 8-p3a4r alsl)èi,kn c NouveRlelvuee T héologiquet
90,1 968p,p .5 81-5J9.7F .;C RAGHAN,T heG eraseneD emoniac,i nc TheC atholic
BibliQcau!a rtetr 3l0y1, 9 5p8p,.5 22-5J3.V6 EN;C OVSKDeYr,g adareniscE:cheo rzi­
smus (Mat8.. 2 8-u3n4dP arallelienn$) C,o mmunViioa to•ru 1m4 1,9 7p1p,1. 3 -29;
R.P ESCTHh,e M arcanV ersioofnt heH ealingo ft heG eraseDnemeo niac,i nc The
EcumenicRaelv i&e 2w3 1,9 7p1p,3. 4 9-3D7a6p .a rstuea J,.B LIC(HT he Gerasene
Demoniac andt heR esurrectiionn,c T heC atholic Biblica•! 3 1,Q1 u9a6rt9e,r ly
pp.3 83-3s90e)gu eun metodcoo mpletamente diverso.
2.I ls aggqiuoip r esenrtaitsop oanltd iep doie segcehseli ' auatvoervepa r e­
conizzagitàuo na ventidi nanan ifa :F .J .Ù!I!NHA RDT, La parabodule Samaritmn.
Sc/Uma d'uneex égèesxei st.entiailnAi usxts eo,u rcdeels a T raditcihToént ienMneé.l an­
geso ffertàs M . Mauriu Gogàu le'lo ccadesi soonn s oixantedixainènmiev ersaire,
NeuchàettPe alr 1i9s6 p0p,1. 3 2-138.
6
aperatdao gnmie tocdhoe p ermetdtiar innovla'raepp roaic ctieos ti.
Cercardeia ffinartea lmie todd'ii ndagfianep artdeello s pirisctto' enti­
fico chdeve e caratterilze'zs aegreet a.3
FRANçOisB ovoN
3.U n po'd ovunquseo rgonaot tualmenrtiefl essimoentio dologiscuhlel 'esegesi.
A titodlioe sempiion,d ichiaqmuaol cheo persai gnificati]v.B aAR:R , Semantiul del
linguaggio bibliBcool,o gn1a9 59E;. G tlTTGEMANNS, OffenFer ageznu rF ormgeschichte
des EvangelEiiunmmeest .h odoliisgcShkei zzdese Grond lagenproblemdera tFiokrm -und
RedllktionsgeschMiucnhitceh1, 9 70;R . BARTHl!S, P. BEAUCHAMP, H. BoUILLARD,
J.C OURTES, E.HA ULO'ITE,X .L ÉON-DUFOULR., MAR IN, P.R ICOEURA,. V ERGaTE,
ExégèesteH erméneutiqPuaer,i1 s9 71.
Segnaliaimnofi nee,d itdai H.R .W eb eri n• TheE cumenicaR!e vie•w 2 3, 1971,
4° fascic(ooltot obriec )o,n tribcuhteia nalizzaunno testboi blicpor,e cisamente
Marco5 .1 -20p,a rtenddoa d iverpsuin tdii v istas,t rutturale, sepcicr.i tuale,
7

Lo struttur;mr;oa flr'i.ancese
e l'esegbeisbiilc a
1
Introduzione
Dal1 94a5do ggii,nF ranciialc, l imian tellesttièu parloef onda­
mentem odificaAtlol.fia n ed ellguae rral,' esistenztirailoinsfmaov a,
incoraggdiaagtloai t ti ldiebgelreiir odie llrae si�teVneznai.v ano
esaltial<t sci o gge)t)et ol as ua< cc oscieln)Lz.a a < lc ibe)r)età la< dc eci­
sion)ef) a cevapnaor tdee llpaa nopldiealfi losoIflo< sc. e ns)od) e llvai ta
eral 'idedaalr ea ggiungSearret.er rea l 'incontrmaasittaràtep o ens er.
Inu nap arolsaiv, i vevianp ienuom anesimo.
Oggil,e s cienuzmea ner espingloanfi ol osonfieal lseu e ultime
trincNeueo.v im etodlio,g iec oig gettdievrii,v daatlil sec iendzeel la
naturvae,n gonaop plicaaltli' uoamlol ,i nguagaglic oo,m portamento.
Da soggetcthoee ral,' uomèo d ivenuotgog ettoog,g etptroe carei o
provvisoNroinos .i2p arlpai ùd is toricios dmico o sciemnaz dai,c o­
dicid,if ormalizzea zdiiso insit eSmiic .i taongog ail tnroim iL: évi­
StrausBsa,r theAsl,tu hsserF,o ucault.3
Come spiegaqruee sttar asformazsieonznaae c cennaarleln ao ­
ziondei s trutt?u Crearto, modlat ot empoe, n ons olion Fran­
cias,i p arladvias trutt4u praar,t icolarimne finstiec ea i nm at e-
1.L a versioonrei gindia lqeu estcoo ntribèuta op parscao,lt itoSltor uktura­
lirmus und biEbxleigsecsnheee,ll ar ivis+ta W issenschuanfdtP raxiisn Kirche und
Gesellsc&h 6a0f,1t 971pp,. 1 6-2L6a. v ersiocnhees ip ubblica haqs uuib itqou alche
ritocrcios petatlol 'origiInna plaert.i colaèr seta,t oa ggiunutno secondeos empio
a titodlioi llustradzeilom neet odoG:i ovanni 1.3 55-1.
2.C fr.M . FoucAULLeT, p arolee l ec oseU.n 'archeodellolegi as cienuzmanee,
Milano1 957.
3.C frB.. P INGAIUDn,t roducàt t iSaornt raeu jourd&',ih nu• i L 'Ar»e 30,1 966,p .1 .
4.L . T. Hjelmsldeevfin isclea s truttu•r uan 'entaituàt onomdai d ipendenze
intern»e (citazisoennezr ae ferendizP a. R ICOEURLa, struc,tl uerm eotl,' énemevént,
in• Espri& t3 5,1 967,p .8 04o,r ai nP .R ICOELeUR, c onfiidtu interprétaPtairoinss,
1969,p .8 3)]..P iagesto ttolidnaelca an tos uol 'aspedttion amicdoe llsat rutt«u rIan:
9
maticMaa.e ;c ccoh qeu esntao zieoi nlse i,s tdeipm ean sciheer o
essiam plsiocnaso,t attria sfceorsniu tccine eslssolc ei enze umane,
nelllian gudiasptpirceipa mo ani,e l l'etnneolcllroaig ltieiatc,ta e raria,
nelsltao nreilapl,sa i canneallslioasc ii,o eli ongfiinnaee,l fi llao s6o fia.
E quesitnmo o dsoi stemTauttiitcclooa .m7pd oe lslcei eunmzaenè e
oggoic cupdaa stcoh ideiir net ellcehttbeur aalnid ilsasc tornuot tura
comuen 'aerffimcaa ce.
Los cricthteso e gnuaes dcael cloan vinczhieuo nnd ei alogo
teolocgoinic lmo o vimento sstarrunàot nts uorliaonl eivsittaa bile,
maf ruttIunoesvoi.tp aebricllhoseé t, r uttuèr dailviesnmtoa to una
modeau n'ideiotlle ooglioag:o cchrveii svnteeim lao nnodd,oe ,v e
dunqnueec essariamente affrontarlo. Fruttuoso perché, come metodo,
los ttrtuurapluiòfs ampror ogredirLea slca'ideao sl etlgracei us ria.
dig iudilcosa trreu ttucroamlei smemoc odo ami ed eologia. Sartre
vediene sslo' ultimo bastbioorngeh peeesarripe apt otgog idaarlel a
los tatquuso e cono8mL iacs ot.r utntounar pap afroero sset aildl ie­
namisdmeol sltao ?r Riicare ucro nsiqdueersamt oov imeunnat o
tentadzeinloo nsett ermop ion,t aer sios parlmaqi uaerrctuiil otniem a
de(l< se)en) s ioam pounrac fio rma edis atgrneomsat 9iA clitsrmio .
primaap prossimWlallz isotnreu,ttuè run a sistedimt ar asformazicohneci o,m porta
dellleeg igniq uanstios te(mioanp posizailolpnere o prdieegtelàli e menetc ih)es i
conseers via arrichisaclge i ogcrsoat ezsidseeo l sluee t rasformsaeznizocnahi e,
questceo nducfuaonriod elslueef rontoi efraec ciaapnpoe lal eol emeensttie rni.
In brevWlell ,s trutctoumrpar ecnodseqì u esttrice a ratttoetrailt:ir taàs,f ormazioni
ea utoregol•·az( iJoP.! nAeG ELT,os trutturMailliasn1mo9o6 ,9p ,.3 9).
S.C frJ.. P IAGETo,p .c ti.p,.5 0s s.
6.Co me introduzailoslntoeru tturalfirsanmceoss epi o ssocnoons ultaJr.Pe o:u iL­
LON,P réenstatiuann:e s sdaedi é finint,ini* aLesT empMso deme» 2s2 1, 96p6p,7. 6 9-
770J;. M .A uziASL,a chidealvsleto r utturMailliasmn1oo9, 6 9O;.D ucROTT,. T o­
DDROVD,. S PERBER,M .S AFOUAN,F .W AHL, Qu'esqtu-kec es tructura?l,P iasrims e
1968J;.P IAGET,op .ci t,.p asrimM;. CORVEZ, Less tructusrtaellsei,ls i nguiksst es,
critiquelsi ttérMaiicrheelFs au:c aulCtl,a udLeé vi-StrJaaucsqsuL,ea sc anL,a uis
Althu.ssPearr,i1 s96 9P;.C ARUSOC,o nvsearzicoaniLn év i-StraFuosusc,a uLlatc,a n,
Milano1 969G.; S CHIWYD,er fraznorisScthruket luirsu.sam,M ode-MethodIede-o­
logiMei.te inemT ext-anRhaengi,n be1c9k6 9S.iv edian olUt.r Eec:o ,L as truttura
asensteI.n truozdioanlela r icesremciao logiMcial,a n1o9 68.
7.• Lévi-Stnroanèu c sesr itplor imnoéi slo lcoh ea bbia sotitcloa lrianetatteor e
strtuurtaldee fie nomesnoic imaall ia,s uao riginèas ltiatqtaàu eld!ipa r endlae re
cossau sle rei doi t ramiem perturbabitlumteltneec t oen segute. (nJzeP. oUILLON,
L't:EUvrede Claurk Lévi-Sitnr; aL uessTs e,m pMs odeme& s12 , 1965p,.1 58).
8.• Dietirlpo r etedsetlosl tao rèi cah,i acrhoev ienper esdoimi rai lm arxismo.
Si tratdtaic ostruuinr'ei deonluoogvilaa', u ltbiamrrai ecrhael ab orghepsoisas a
ancoerrai gceornetr Moa rx.• (JP.. S ARTRI!, Jean-PSaaurlt rrépeo nid,n; L 'Are •
30,1 966p,.8 8.).
9.• Sarepii uttodsetlpo a recrheeq uesfital osoifimap lipceinteait rlci am po
delv ostlraov onreoql,u ailoev eduon af orma estredmeal l'agnomsotidceirnsPome.o r
10