Anaesthesia for emergency care PDF
Preview Anaesthesia for emergency care
OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Anaesthesia for Emergency Care Nolan-FM.indd i 3/19/2012 8:36:57 AM Oxford Specialist Handbooks published and forthcoming General Oxford Specialist Oxford Specialist Handbooks Handbooks in Neurology A Resuscitation Room Guide Epilepsy Addiction Medicine Parkinson’s Disease and Day Case Surgery Other Movement Disorders Hypertension Stroke Medicine Perioperative Medicine, Second Edition Oxford Specialist Handbooks Postoperative Complications, in Paediatrics Second Edition Paediatric Dermatology Renal Transplantation Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Oxford Specialist Handbooks Paediatric Gastroenterology, in Anaesthesia Hepatology, and Nutrition Anaesthesia for Emergency Care Paediatric Haematology and Cardiac Anaesthesia Oncology Neuroanaethesia Paediatric Intensive Care Obstetric Anaesthesia Paediatric Nephrology, Second Ophthalmic Anaesthesia Edition Paediatric Anaesthesia Paediatric Neurology, Second Edition Regional Anaesthesia, Stimulation and Paediatric Radiology Ultrasound Techniques Paediatric Respiratory Medicine Thoracic Anaesthesia Oxford Specialist Handbooks Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Pain in Cardiology Spinal Interventions in Pain Adult Congenital Heart Disease Management Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention Oxford Specialist Handbooks Cardiac Electrophysiology and in Psychiatry Catheter Ablation Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Cardiovascular Computed Forensic Psychiatry Tomography Old Age Psychiatry Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Oxford Specialist Handbooks Echocardiography, Second Edition in Radiology Fetal Cardiology Heart Failure Interventional Radiology Hypertension Musculoskeletal Imaging Inherited Cardiac Disease Pulmonary Imaging Nuclear Cardiology Thoracic Imaging Pulmonary Hypertension Oxford Specialist Handbooks Valvular Heart Disease in Surgery Oxford Specialist Handbooks Cardiothoracic Surgery in Critical Care Colorectal Surgery Advanced Respiratory Hand Surgery Critical Care Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Neurosurgery Oxford Specialist Handbooks Operative Surgery, Second Edition in End of Life Care Oral Maxillofacial Surgery End of Life Care in Cardiology Otolaryngology and Head and End of Life Care in Dementia Neck Surgery End of Life Care in Nephrology Paediatric Surgery End of Life Care in Respiratory Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Disease Surgical Oncology End of Life in the Intensive Urological Surgery Care Unit Vascular Surgery Nolan-FM.indd ii 3/19/2012 8:36:58 AM Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Anaesthesia Anaesthesia for Emergency Care Edited by Jerry Nolan Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Royal United Hospital NHS Trust, Bath, UK Jasmeet Soar Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK 1 Nolan-FM.indd iii 3/19/2012 8:36:58 AM 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2012 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2012 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933283 ISBN 978–0–19–958897–8 Printed in China by C & C Offset Printing Co, Ltd Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding. Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. Nolan-FM.indd iv 3/19/2012 8:36:58 AM v Preface Anaesthetizing patients for surgical and medical emergencies can be chal- lenging. The time critical nature of the intervention may mean proceeding with a limited medical history and only a brief assessment with minimal investigations. Ideally, these patients should be fully resuscitated, but in some circumstances (e.g. after major trauma) anaesthetizing the patient can be an essential component of the initial resuscitation. When planning this book, we aimed to include most of procedures encountered by the ‘on-call’ anaesthetist, both during the day and out-of- hours. In keeping with the Oxford Handbook series, the style is concise but we have tried to include the essential information needed to anaesthetize these patients safely. The fi rst section comprises a series of topics that are generic to many emergencies and the remaining sections cover a full range of conditions that may require anaesthesia in the operating room, emergency department, critical care unit, and radiology suite. In recognition of the increasing role of doctors in prehospital emergency medicine, we have included a section on prehospital anaesthesia and transport. Clearly, every possible scenario cannot be covered in this book. If there is any doubt about the best way to proceed in an emergency, seek expert help early. Although aimed principally at the anaesthetic trainee, this book should be of value to consultants in anaesthesia and critical care and to trainees and consultants in emergency medicine. We would appreciate feedback (to the e mail address below) about this book, particularly in relation to topics that we have omitted or any errors that we have missed. Finally, we thank all the authors for their high quality contributions in the face of pressing deadlines and our wives and children who now struggle to remember what we look like. Jerry and Jasmeet [email protected] 2012 Nolan-FM.indd v 3/19/2012 8:36:58 AM This page intentionally left blank vii Contents Contributors ix Symbols and Abbreviations xiii 1 General Principles 1 2 Prehospital 53 3 The Injured Patient 63 4 Anaesthesia for the Critically Ill Patient 109 5 General Surgical Emergencies 137 6 Ear, Nose, and Throat Emergencies 155 7 Maxillofacial Emergencies 171 8 Cardiovascular Emergencies 179 9 Neurological Emergencies 215 10 Plastic Surgery 249 11 Obstetric Emergencies 261 12 Urological Emergencies 289 13 Paediatric Emergencies 297 14 Ophthalmic Emergencies 337 15 Anaesthesia for Emergency Radiological Procedures 343 16 Anaesthetic Emergencies 355 Index 393 Nolan-FM.indd vii 3/19/2012 8:36:58 AM This page intentionally left blank ix Contributors Anne-Marie Amphlett Charles Deakin Specialist Trainee Consultant in Cardiac Anaesthesia Bristol School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Southampton Monica Baird Consultant in Anaesthesia Simon Finney Royal United Hospital NHS Trust Consultant in Anaesthesia and Bath Intensive Care Medicine Guy Bayley Royal Brompton Hospital, London Consultant in Paediatric Andrew Georgiou Anaesthesia, Specialist Trainee Bristol Royal Hospital for Children Bristol School of Anaesthesia Jonathan Benger Ben Gibbison Professor of Emergency Care, University of the West of England, Specialist Trainee Bristol and Consultant in Bristol School of Anaesthesia Emergency Medicine, Amit Goswami University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Specialist Trainee Bristol School of Anaesthesia Craig Carroll Consultant in Anaesthesia Richard Griffi ths Salford Royal Hospital NHS Consultant in Anaesthesia Foundation Trust Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Trust Emma Clow Specialist Trainee Kim J. Gupta Bristol School of Anaesthesia Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Tim Cook Royal United Hospital NHS Trust, Consultant in Anaesthesia Bath and Intensive Care, Royal United Hospital NHS Carl Gwinnutt Trust, Bath Formerly Consultant in Anaesthesia Jules Cranshaw Salford Royal Hospital NHS Consultant in Anaesthesia and Foundation Trust Intensive Care Medicine Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Clare Hommers Bournemouth Specialist Trainee Rhys Davies Bristol School of Anaesthesia Consultant in Anaesthesia North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol Nolan-FM.indd ix 3/19/2012 8:36:58 AM
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