Table Of Content

ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Graeca Up saliensis 16 JAN FREDRIK KINDSTRAND ANA CHARS IS The Legend and The Apophthegmata UPPSALA 1981 Distributed by ALMQVIST & WIKSELL INTERNATIONAL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN © Jan Fredrik Kindstrand Published with aid of a grant from Humanistisk-samhiillsvetenskapliga forskningsddet ISBN 91-554-1165-7 ISSN 0562-2743 Printed in Sweden by Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala 1981 Contents List of Works . XI 1. The Legend . 1 1.1 Introduction . 3 1.1.l Brief Survey of the Sources. 3 1.1.2 Aim of the Present Study . 4 1.2 Anacharsis as a Historical Figure . 6 1.2.1 Greeks and Scythians . 6 1.2.2 Biographical Tradition. 6 1.2.3 Scythian Traits . 11 1.2.4 Historicity . . . . . . 13 1.3 The Legend-Origin and Background 17 1.3.l Preliminary Remarks . . . . . 17 1.3.2 Wise Barbarians . . . . . . . 17 1.3.3 Anacharsis and the Scythian Shamans . 18 1.3.4 Idealization of Barbarians . 23 1.3.5 Anacharsis as a Philhellene . 26 1.3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . 30 1.4 Anacharsis and the Seven Sages 33 1.4.1 Preliminary Remarks . . . 33 1.4.2 Anacharsis' Place in the Catalogue 33 1.4.3 Time and Reason for Anacharsis' Inclusion among the Seven Sages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1.4.4 Anacharsis' Relations with Solon and Myson . . . . 39 1.4.5 Anacharsis and King Croesus . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1.4.6 Anacharsis in Plutarch's Septem sapientium convivium 44 1.4.7 Anacharsis and the Sceptics 49 1.5 Anarcharsis as a Moralist . . . 51 1.5.l Introduction . . . . . . . 51 1.5.2 Anacharsis' Moral Teaching 52 1.5.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . 61 1.5.4 Anacharsis as Advocate of a Simple Life . 61 1.5.5 Lucian's Anacharsis . . . . . . . . . . 65 vm Contents 1.6 Anacharsis as an Inventor . . . . 68 1.6.1 Preliminary Remarks .... 68 1.6.2 The Inventions of Anacharsis 68 1.6.3 Criticism. 71 1.6.4 Conclusion . . . . 73 1. 7 Survey and Conclusion 74 1.7.1 Preliminary Remarks 74 1. 7 .2 The Origin . . . . . 74 1. 7 .3 Anacharsis in the Archaic Period 75 1. 7.4 Anacharsis in the Classical Period . 77 1.7.5 Anacharsis in the Hellenistic and Imperial Periods 82 1.8 Anacharsis in Medieval Latin and Modern Literature . 83 1.8.l Sporadic Quotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 1.8.2 Jean-Jacques Barthelemy and the Legend of Anacharsis . 85 1.8.3 Anacharsis Cloots . 93 2. The Apophthegmata . . . 97 2.1 Introduction . . . . . 99 2.1.1 Earlier Collections. 99 2.1.2 The Term Apophthegma. 99 2.1.3 The Material . . . . . . 100 2.1.4 Anacharsis and Greek Florilegia. 103 2.1.5 The Text .......... . 106 2.2 Apophthegmata Anacharsidis .. . 107 2.2.1 Anacharsis in Self-Defense (Al-5) . 107 2.2.2 On Human Behaviour (A6-11) 108 2.2.3 On Human Relations (Al2-15) . . 109 2.2.4 On Envy (Al6-19) . . . . . . . 110 2.2.5 On the Use of the Tongue (A20-22) 111 2.2.6 On Wine and Wine-Drinking (A23-32). 113 2.2.7 On Sailing (A33-35) . . . . . . 116 2.2.8 On Athletics (A36-37) . . . . . . 117 2.2.9 On Politics and Society (A38-46) . 118 2.2.10 On Cult, Death, Funeral (A47-49) 120 2.2.11 Sententiae by Ps-Ausonius Attributed to Anacharsis (A50) 121 2.3 Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 2.3.l Anacharsis in Self-Defense (Al-5) . 122 2.3.2 On Human Behaviour (A6-11) 126 2.3.3 On Human Relations (Al2-15) . . 131 Contents IX 2.3.4 On Envy (Al6-19) . . . . . . 133 2.3.5 On the Use of the Tongue (A20-22) . . 136 2.3.6 On Wine and Wine-Drinking (A23-32) . 139 2.3.7 On Sailing (A33-35) . . . . . . 145 2.3.8 On Athletics (A36-37) . . . . . . 146 2.3.9 On Politics and Society (A38-46) . 147 2.3.10 On Cult, Death, Funeral (A47-49) 154 2.3.11 Sententiae by Ps-Ausonius Attributed to Anacharsis (A50) 155 2.4 Two Collections of Apophthegmata Wrongly Attributed to Ana- charsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 2.4.1 The Anacharsis Apophthegmata in Cod. Ottobon. Gr. 192 . 158 2.4.2 The Anacharsis Apophthegmata in Cod. Pal. Gr. 297. 162 Indices . . . . . 165 Index Fontium 165 Select Index 172 English . 17 2 Greek. . . 175