An Unofficial Alliance, Scotland and Sweden 1569-1654

323 Pages·2003·4.704 MB·English

by  Alexia Grosjean

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AN UNOFFICIAL ALLIANCE
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THE NORTHERN WORLD
North Europe and the Baltic c. 400-1700 AD
Peoples, Economies and Cultures
EDITORS
BarbaraCraford(St. Andrews)
DaidKirb(London)
Jo-Vidar Siurdo(Oslo)
IildØe(Bergen)
PrzelaUrbaczk (Warsaw)
VOLUME 5
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AN UNOFFICIAL ALLIANCE
Scotland and Sweden 1569-1654
BY
ALEXIA GROSJEAN
BRILL
LEIDEN •BOSTON
2003
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grosjean, Alexia.
An unofficial alliance : Scotland and Sweden 1569-1654 / by Alexia
Grosjean.
p. cm. — (The northern world)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 90-04-13241-4
1. Scotland—Foreign relations—Sweden. 2. Sweden—Foreign relations
—1523-1718. 3. Sweden—Foreign relations—Scotland. 4. Scotland—
History—17th century. 5. Scotland—History—16th century. 6. Scotland
—Relations—Sweden. 7. Sweden—Relations—Scotland. I. Title. II. Series.
DA765G76 2003
327.4110485’09’031—dc21
2003056281
ISSN 1569–1462
ISBN 90 04 13241 4
© Copyright 2003 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written
permission from the publisher.
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal
use is granted by Brill provided that
the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright
Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910
Danvers MA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
pried i e eerlad
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ...................................................................... vii
Abbreviations .............................................................................. ix
Conventions ................................................................................ xi
List of Figures ............................................................................ xiii
List of Illustrations and Maps .................................................. xv
Illustrations and Maps
Introduction ................................................................................ 1
PART ONE: SCOTLAND AND SWEDEN
Chapter One Scotland and the rise of Sweden,
1521–1613 .............................................................................. 11
Chapter Two Gustav II Adolf and the Scots, 1613–1629 .... 41
Chapter Three The Scots in Swedish service, from
Stralsund to Westphalia ........................................................ 74
Chapter Four Scots in the Swedish navy, 1534–1654 ........ 112
Chapter Five The influx and influence of Scotsmen in the
Swedish nobility and civic society ........................................ 138
PART TWO: SWEDEN AND SCOTLAND
Chapter Six The unofficial alliance reciprocated:
Sweden and the Bishops’ Wars, 1638–1640 ........................ 165
Chapter Seven Sweden and the war for the Three
Kingdoms, 1641–1648 .......................................................... 191
Chapter Eight Queen Kristina and Charles II, 1649–1651 214
Conclusion England and the demise of the Scottish-Swedish
alliance, 1651–1654 ................................................................ 239
Bibliography ................................................................................ 259
Index ............................................................................................ 287
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my thanks to a number of people for helping
to bring this book to fruition. First and foremost this work owes its
existence to Professor Allan Macinnes at Aberdeen University who had
the vision to set up a seventeenth century Scandinavian scholarship
which allowed for the initial research. Secondly I also express heart-
felt thanks to Professor Paul Dukes who co-supervised and greatly
encouraged me in my endeavour.
In Sweden the staff of the various archives, especially Lars Ericson
(then of Krigsarkivet) and Helmut Backhaus (at Riksarkivet), as wellas
some modern-day Swedish descendants of the seventeenth century
Scots—John and Joar Crafoord of Stockholm—proved highly reliable
and forthcoming contacts. I am also grateful to the AHRB Centre
of Irish and Scottish Studies, Aberdeen University, for the opportunity
to write up during my period as a Research Fellow there and for
the financial support for the illustrations.
As regards production of the book I acknowledge the whole Brill
team for their efficiency, particularly Marcella Mulder. The series
editor, David Kirby, also offered many valuable points and suggestions.
On a home level, thanks to Alison Lumsden of Aberdeen University
for her timely work in producing my maps, and to Alison Duncan for
her keen-eyed indexing and proofing talents. Ardis Dreisbach also
provided regular updates and information from her own research
trips to Swedish archives.
Finally, my greatest thanks must go to my academic confederate
and husband, Dr Steve Murdoch, for all his enthusiasm and exper-
tise. Without his constant support this book would probably still be
a future project...
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ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations used frequently (full source references in the bibliography):
AOSB Axel Oxenstiernas Skrifter och Brefvexling
APC Acts of the Privy Council of England
APS Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
BHG Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius
BM British Museum
CSPD Calendar of State Papers, Domestic
CSPS Calendar of State Papers, Scotland
CSPV Calendar of State Papers, Venetian
DBBTI Documenta Bellum Bohemica Tricennale Illustrantia
DCJS Diplomatic Correspondence of James Spence
DDA Danish Data Archive no 1573
DNB Dictionary of National Biography
DRA Rigsarkivet Denmark, Danish National Archives
EHR English Historical Review
KCFB Kong Christian den Fjerdes Egenhaendige Breve
KGAS Konung Gustav II Adolfs Skrifter
KGR Konung Gustav I’s Registratur
KRA Krigsarkivet, Swedish Military Archives
NRA Riksarkivet Norway, Norwegian National Archives
RAOSB Rikskansleren Axel Oxenstiernas Skrifter och Brefvexling
RPCS Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
PRO, SP Public Record Office (London), State Papers
SAÄ Svenska Adelns Ättartavlor
SBH Svenskt Biografiskt Handlexicon
SBL Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon
SGS Scottish Gaelic Studies
SHR Scottish Historical Review
SJH Scandinavian Journal of History
SRA Riksarkivet Sweden, Swedish National Archives
SRL Earl of Stirling’s Register of Letters
SRO, GD Scottish Record Office (Edinburgh), Gifts and Deposits
SRP Svenska Riksrådets Protokoll
SSNE Scotland, Scandinavia and Northern Europe 1580–1707
database
TKUA Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling