Table Of Content

HortatoryText (813) HQ:Exhortationtoleamtoreadandworiconcoffeeprojects Introduction:SimpleSentence Eh yabilak kliklL oh Idid unsuccessfully *Iwilltrytosucceed.' (meaninguncertain) Stage:AmplificationSentence Ipak chokwipali welowelo ebludak wabel Bubuamo p6mcnck youPL yousmallones youngmen this village Bubuamo youIMPhearobey nau. P^menek 6ncny enyudak yopwinyi. now youIMPhearobey some this good *You smallones,you youngmen,menofthisvillageBubuamo,hearandobeynow. Hearandobeysomegoodtalk.' Exhortationi:HortatoryParagraph Introduction:SimpleSentence ^i tern chubo belo chuhwalu p6negcitak p6nakuk. and time theyhit drum theycallIRR youPLIMPgetupquickly youPLIMPgo Exhortation:ConjunctionSentence IHtak p6nak p61pogcch yah p6nck yahinymoul youIMPgetup youIMPgo youIMPcut road youIMPdo road work mande. P6suh saris p6bo yah mandeih. ah tude Monday youIMPhold grassknives youIMPhit road Mondays and Tuesday trinde p6nek 6neny kopiyiny moul. Wednesday youIMPdo some coffee work Elaboration:ConjunctionSentence IHlib inagas nShabigas. P6nou kopi p6nou 6neny youIMPcut some gardens youIMPplant coffee youIMPplant some kokou p6nou 6nou ehemeb, all piyagwhh umu senyudak. cocoa youIMPplant some coconuts and youIMPtalkabout about this(work) Elaboration:ConjunctionSentence Pupwemu pitakumu piyagwhh enyudak atiny. all ipak youIRRsitwhen youIRRgetupwhen youIMPtalk this only and you tern wabwigtin aglupil pitak p6namoli sugul chopuk. time afternoon morning youIMPgetup youIMPcome school again Elaboration:NarrativeSentence Pinaki, apak muwich munek rit rait numun. youIMPcome we weIRRenter weIRRgo read write inside 291 *Andsowhentheybeatthedrumandcall,yougetupquicklyandgo. Yougetupandgo andcutthegrassontheroad-doroadworkonMonday, Holdgrassknivesandwork ontheroadonMondays. AndTuesday andWednesdaydo someworkoncoffee,cut somebushforgardens,planttcoffee,plantsomecocoa,plantsomecoconutsandyoutalk aboutthiswork. Whenyou are sittingdown and whenyougetup,talk about this workonly. And morningandafternoongetupandcometoschoolagain. Youcomeandwewillenterthe schoolandgoinsideanddoreadingandwriting.' Exhortation2:HortatoryParagraph Exhortation:ConjunctionSentence Chokwipali to olsem puwich, p6nck ritrait youngerchildren also thesame youIMPenter youIMPdo readingandwriting all sadehasih mupwemu beten munek beten. and Sundays weIRRsitfor/about praying weIRRdo praying Reason:EvaluationSentence eke munek mulau keiwakiny sakimu tingting, doumun julug. FUT weIRRdo weIRRget old knowledge thinking today enough Reinforce:NarrativeSentence eke wihluwehlu p6menek enyudak pitak p6nak p6nek FUT everyday youIMPhear this youIMPgetup youIMPgo youIMPdo bisinis. business *Youyoungerchildrenalsoenteranddoreadingandwriting,andonSundayswewill remainsittingforprayer,wewillpray. Wewillgetandusetheoldsystemofknowledge andthinking,untilnow. Todayit'sfinished. Everydayyouhearthistalk,getupandgoanddosomebusiness.' Exhortations:HortatoryParagraph Motivation:ConjunctionSentence Nabotik komiti nanaki naklipapH enyudak boJany. m€menek, yesterday committeeman heRcome heRtellus this talk weRheard all namaitu, pichuh? and now youIRRsleep Exhortation:AmplificationSentence P6nek tingting umu enyudak moul, pitak p6nek 6neny youIMPdo think about this work youIMPgetup youIMPdo some bisnisiny moul, ali eheb nyumneh nyumneh p6namoli sugul. business work and every days days youIMPcome school Elaboration:NegativeSentence P6naki p6nek sugul, apakib lainab 6hlim, mamaliwu, youIMPcome youIMPdo school our agegrade fathers mothers inoken p6nek bigihety wok. donot youIMPdo stubbornly no Elaboration:NarrativeSentence Ali ipak chokwipali welowelo nagun ipak chokwipali pitak and you youngones unmarrieds also you smallonesyou youIMPgetup p6namoli sugul p6naki pupwe. youIMPcome school youIMPcome youIMPbe Reinforcement:NegativeSentence Kohwi peluk bagul, p6nck 6ncchi 6ncch. piyagwleh wilpat, FUTNEG youIMPdo playing youIMPdo some some youIMPtalk house Piyak6s p6nek pani wok! youIMPlaugh youIMPdo funnything no *Yesterday5ielocalcommitteemancameandtoldusthistalk. Wehearditandnoware you going to sleep? Think strongly aboutthiswork. Getup anddo some work for growingcashcrops. Comeandgotoschool. Ouragegradealso,fathersandmothersdonotrefusestubbornlytocome,no. And youyoungonesandunmarriedpeople,youalsogetupandcometoschool. Comeand remainthere. Don'tplayaroundanddoallkindsofthingsandtalkinsidetheliteracy building. Don'tlaughanddofunnythings,no!' Exhortation4:HortatoryParagraph Exhortation:NarrativeSentence Puwich p6pweinu sugul, pupwe pupwe pupwe youIMPenter youIMPbeBENEF school youIMPbe youIMPbe youIMPbe pupwe sugul. youIMPbe school Comment:SimpleSentence Nyutuh p6taglu p6nak. it(school)IRRfinish youIMPgoout youIMPgo Elaboration:NarrativeSentence P6taglu p€nak, p6netinyumu bisinis p6nou youIMPgoout youIMPgo youIMPthinkabout business youIMPplant ilokonihw ilmagou puwu aninyan tumato kapis, boboyah. sweetpotatoes women youIMPplant onions tomatoes cabbage pawpaws p6ne ting. youIMPdo tiiink G*Yoououetntaenrdfgoorsacnhdootlhiannkdarbeomuaticnasthhecrreoipns.schPoloaln.tsWwheeetnpiottiastofeisni-sheydo,ugwooomuetna,ndplgaon.t sweetpotatoes. Plantonions,tomatoes,cabbage,andpawpawsandthinkaboutthis.' Exhortations:HortatoryParagraph Motivation:SimpleSentence Gavman nawichi napwe apakip 6tap namaitu. governmentofficer heenter heRbe out ground now Exhortation:ConjunctionSentence Napwe pomalmal, all p6nou echudak. heRbe fourmabnal andso youIMPplant thesethings Exhortation:NarrativeSentence Tern yah hukli huwichU na p6b6k maket. when road itIRRsay itIRRenter and youIMPput market Elaboration:NarrativeSentence P6b6k p6nosuh 6tum ati utabal. youIMPput youIMPREFLhold one each money 293 Elaboration:SimpleSentence Na chabilomu lo, nyuwichi ipudak hap 6pakip, and theyRdo law it(lawXlRRcome this place ours *A government officerhas come in and now liveson our ground. He lives atFour Malmal. SoyouplantthesethingsImentioned. Whentheroadisfinishedandcomesin there,buildamarket. Youbuilditandeachoneofyouwillgetsomemoney. Andthey followthelawwhichhascomeintothisplaceofours.' Exhortatione*.HortatoryParagraph Motivation:SimpleSentence Namaitu gavman nanu apak nape stret now governmentofficer heRand we heRliveAemain righthere Bubuamo. Bubuamo Motivation:NarrativeSentence na Halipeim nuhwalu nuhwalomu sugul. and Halipeim helRRcall heKRcallfor school Exhortation:NarrativeSentence Nuho belo inoken p6nck bighetumonu. heIRRhit drum NEGIMP youIMPdo refuse Elaboration:NarrativeSentence P6menckuk 6tuk belo, pitak p6naki pSnehumumu youIMPhearreRM one drum youIMPgetup youIMPcome youIMPgatherfor sugvl. school Elaboration:NarrativeSentence P6naki p6nek sugul. youIMPcome youIMPdo school Elaboration:NarrativeSentence Wabigun p6nekeny, aglupil p6nekeny wab. afternoon youIMPdoit moming youIMPdoit night *Nowagovernmentofficerislivingwithus,righthereatBubuamo. AndHalipeimwill hitthedrum,don'trefusehim. Whenyouhearthefirstdrumbeat,getupandcomeand gatherforschool. Comeandgotoschool. Doschoolafternoon,moming,andnight.' Exhortationv:HortatoryParagraph Introduction:SimpleSentence Douk namaitu yekotuwe yanu chokwichi 6tich mape. andofcourse now Ionly IRand youngones theyonly weRbe Exhortation:ConjunctionSentence Yakli apak nebepali nagun pitaki. mupwemu sugul IRwant us importantonesus also youIMPcome weIRRbefor school mupwemu rit/rait all munedukemu 6n€g6n chokugun weIRRbefor readingandwriting andso weIRRunderstand sonie smallp£Ut meoh. nothing Warning:WarningSentence Ddce mupe mcoh, echudak kandre chunaki. FUT weIRRbe nothing these newcountryindependence theyIRRconie pitaki utabal wok nebel e. youIRRgetupcome money not some not Reinforcement:transitiveClause bai pebeluhul Sgnumu? FUT youIRRit(money)hold where Comment:AmplificationSentence Jpak nUgaimm papwe julug, pechuh juMg. you sons youRbe enough youRsleep enough Exhortation:NarrativeSentence A pitakumu 6nen bisinis, namaitu p6nekeny. PAST youIMPariseBENEF some business now youIMPdoit *Ofcourse,nowonlyIandtheyoungonesweonlyareremainingintheclass. Iwant usimportantones(oldermen)togetupandcometositforschoolandleamtoreadand write,andthenwewillunderstandsomesmallpartourselves. Lestweremainwithoutthiseducation,whenthesepeoplecomeatindependenceyou willgetupandcome,butwon'thaveanymoney. Wherewillyougetsomemoneyto hold, anyway? You youngmen,oursons, havedone nothingforlongenough. You havesleptlongenough. Getupandstartsomecashcropworic-doitnow.' Exhortations:HortatoryParagraph Exhortation:ConjunctionSentence Yek Ibara yeyagwleheny enyudak bolany. yaklipepu, ali I Ibara IRtalkit this talk IRtellyouPL andso p6menek yekinyumu, penenek mouJu bisnis. youIMPhear my(talk)thatwhich youIMPREELdo work business Reason:TopicCommentClause Bisnisiny bolany, apak munck ritrait business talk/custom we weIRRdo readingandwriting Reason:WarningSentence Deke nitak nunak 6nabel wabel, nunak nigipwechuk, FUT heIRRgetup heIRRgo another village heIRRgo heIRRshowthemremain ali bihain apak mupwe koulon. and later we weIRRbe ignorant Reason:NarrativeSentence Apak mulik nakli nugilapu apak mulik apak we weIRRbefirst heRdesire heIRRteachus us weIRRbefirst we 6bludak wabilipe apak mulik mupwemu ritrait this youofthisvillage we weIRRbefirst weIRRbeBENEF reading-writing *I,Ibara,Italkedthistalk;Itoldyou. Sohearandobeymytalk:doworkforcashcrops. Thereasonisthatthecustomsandtalkofbusinessarethatwedoreadingandwriting. Lesthegetupandgotoanothervillageandgoandshowthemhowtoreadandwriteand laterwewillbeignorant. Wewillbe fu-st. Hewants toteach usandwe willbefirst-usthepeopleofthis village,wewillbefirsttoremainforthepurposeoflearningtoreadandwrite.' 295 Exhortationio:InterrogativeParagraph Question:transitiveClause Orait, p^menek? well youRhearobey Summary:transitiveClause^ P6inenck enyudak yekin bolany. youIMPhear this my talk *Well,didyouhear? Youallhearandobeythistalkofmine.' Finis:SimpleSentence Yek enyudak yaklipepu nyatuh bolany. I this IRtellyouOBJ itRfinish talk *Ihavetoldyouthistalkandit'sfinished.' Postscript:HortatoryParagraph Motivation:NarrativeSentence O wosik wolobajpali yek yaklipepu wosik. yes O.K. allofyou 1 IRtellyouOBJ thankyou Exhortation:transitiveQause Pemenek gut umu yek. youIMPhear/obey well about me *Yes,thankyou,allofyou,Ihavetoldyouandit'sallright. Listenwelltomytalkand obeyit.' NOTE 1. Duringthisresearch,considerableusewasmadeofaconcordanceof59,447morphemesof textinBukiyip(MtArapesh)madeontheIBM360/50computerattheUniversityofOklahomaby the Linguistic Information Retrieval Project ofthe SummerInstitute ofLinguistics and the UniversityofOklahomaResearchInstitute,sponsoredinpartbyGrantGS 1605oftheNational ScienceFoundation. CharlesPeckmadeseveralhelpfulsuggestionsfortheclauseandsentenceanalysis. Cynthia Farr,JohnDavies, VelmaForeman, andJohnBoydmadenumeroushelpful suggestionson an earlierdraftofthispaper. I acknowledge extensive help in textpreparation and typing from Kepas Wogiga, Eileen Gasaway,SolveigBengtssonandJoAnnConrad. APPENDIX:SummaryofMorphophonologicalRules Where Vx^u,o (roundedvowels) Vc=iJ,^,a (centralunroundedvowels) Vu=Vc+he,ae (unroundedvowels) G5=anyconsonant Calv~y*ny,chj (alveopalatalconsonants) Cr=m,5,h, w,p (roundedconsonants) Vf=i,e,ae (ftomvowels) Conrad,Robert andKepasWogiga. 1991. An Outline of J. Bukiyip Grammar. Canberra: PacificLinguistics C-113.