An - Najah National University Faculty of Graduated Studies The Effects of Light Intensity on Day

95 Pages·2013·1.55 MB·English

An - Najah National University
Faculty of Graduated Studies

The Effects of Light Intensity on Day and Night Shift Nurses' Health
Performance

By
Noorhan Fareed Al - Sheikh Mohammad

Supervisor
Prof. Issam Rashid Adbel-Raziq

Co-Supervisor
Dr. Sharif Mohammad Musameh

This Thesis is submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the
Degree of Master of Physical Sciences Faculty of Graduated Studies,
An - Najah National University – Nablus, Palestine
2013
iii

Dedication
To the angles disguised in human appearance to guide me through my way
….to the candle that burned itself to light my life to my parents, whose
encouragement is constantly rushing to nature my souls, to one whose eyes
shine with hope and his smiles with love, to the one who shares my life …
to my husband Hassan, to my sisters and brothers, to son of my sisters, to
my best friend Maram…..to all of my new family with respect and love.
iv

Acknowledgments
I am very grateful to my respectable supervisors Prof. Dr. Issam Rashid
Abdel – Raziq and Dr. Sharif Musameh, for their helpful efforts, fruitful
guidance and continual encouragement throughout entire research. Special
thanks for Dr. Subhi Saleh for his encouragement through my study, to my
brother yousef, my husband Hassan, and my friend Maram for their help
throughout my research, and to Hospital manager, nurses for their help and
cooperation to make this research possible.
v

رارقلا
:ناونعلا لمحت يتلا ةلاسرلا مدقم هاندأ عقوملا انأ

The Effects of Light Intensity on Day and Night Shift Nurses' Health
Performance
هيلإ ةراشلا تمت ام ءانثتساب ،صاخلا يدهج جاتن يه امنأ ،ةلاسرلا هذه هيلع تلمتشا ام نأب رقا
ثحب وأ ةيملع ةجرد يأ لينل لبق نم مدقي مل اهنم ءزج يأ وأ ،لكك ةلاسرلا هذه نأو ،درو امثيح
.ىرخأ ةيثحب وأ ةيميلعت ةسسؤم يأ ىدل يملع

Declaration
This work provided in this thesis, unless other referenced, is the
researcher's own work, and has not been submitted elsewhere for any other
degree or qualification.

Student's name: :بلاطلا مسا
Signature: :عيقوتلا
Date: : خيراتلا
vi

List of Contents
Subject Page
Dedication III
Acknowledgment IV
Declaration V
List of Contents VI
List of Tables VIII
List of Figures XII
List of Abbreviations XIV
Abstract XV
Chapter One: Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Previous Studies 4
1.3 Objectives of this Study 8
Chapter two: Theoretical Background 9
2.1 Absorption of Light 9
2.2 The Effect of Intensity of Light on Humans 10
2.2.1 Blood Oxygen Saturation 10
2.2.2 Blood Pressure 11
2.2.3 Heart Pulse Rate 12
2.2.4 Tympanic Temperature 13
2.3 Sound Pressure Level 14
Chapter Three: Methodology 14
3.1 Study Design 14
3.2 Population Sample 17
3.3 Stage of Study 18
3.4 Timetable of Study 18
3.5 Experimental Apparatus 18
3.6 Statistical Analysis 21
Chapter Four: Measurements and Results 22
4.1 Measuring of Light Intensity and Sound Pressure Level 22
4.2 Measurements of Health Effects of Light Intensity 23
4.2.1 Blood Oxygen Saturation, Pulse Rate, and 23
Arterial Blood Pressure (Systolic and Diastolic) Results
4.3 Data Analysis of Result of Light Dependent Health 51
Parameters in the Selected Hospitals
4.4 Personal Health Effects Dependence 59
4.4.1 Age Effect 59
4.4.2 Duration of Employment Health Effects 62
vii

Dependence
Chapter Five: Discussion and Recommendations 65
5.1 Discussion 65
5.2 Recommendations 69
References 70
Appendix A: The measured date for all nurses in four 75
different hospitals
Appendix B: Ethics permission and consent form 80
صخلملا ب
viii

List of Table
Table Page
Table 1.1: Recommended illumination intensities in lux in 3
different work spaces.
Table 3.1: The selected sample in four hospitals 17
Table 4.1: Sound pressure level and intensity of light for all 23
hospital before and after starts and finishes their
shifts
Table 4.2: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 24
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of selected nurses in Rafidia
governmental hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9
p.m)
Table 4.3: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 25
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of selected nurses in Rafidia
governmental hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4
a.m)
Table 4.4: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 26
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of selected nurses in Nablus
Specialized hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.5: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 27
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of selected nurses in Nablus
Specialized hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.6: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 28
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of selected nurses in specialized Arab
Nablus hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.7: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 29
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of selected nurses in specialized Arab
Nablus hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.8: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 30
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of selected nurses in Union hospital at
day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.9: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 31
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
ix

variables of selected nurses in Union hospital at
night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.10: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 32
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of male nurses in Rafidia governmental
hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.11: Minimum (Min), maximu m (Max), mean, and 33
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of male nurses in Nablus Specialized
hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.12: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 34
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of male nurses in specialized Arab
Nablus hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.13: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 35
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of male nurses in Union hospital at day
shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.14: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 36
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of female nurses in Rafidia
governmental hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9
p.m)
Table 4.15: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 37
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of female nurses in Nablus Specialized
hospital at day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.16: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 38
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of male nurses in specialized Arab
Nablus hospital at day (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.17: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 39
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of female nurses in Union hospital at
shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.18: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 40
standard deviation (S.D) values of studie d
variables of male nurses in Rafidia governmental
hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.19: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 41
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
x

variables of male nurses in Nablus Specialized
hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.20: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 42
standard deviation (S.D) values of studi ed
variables of male nurses in specialized Arab
Nablus hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.21: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 43
standard deviation (S.D) values of studie d
variables of male nurses in Union hospital at
night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.22: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max) , mean, and 44
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of female nurses in Rafidia
governmental hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4
a.m)
Table 4.23: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 45
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of female nurses in Nablus Specialized
hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.24: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 46
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of female nurses in specialized Arab
Nablus hospital at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.25: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean, and 47
standard deviation (S.D) values of studied
variables of female nurses in Union hospital at
night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.26: Net change of blood oxygen saturation, pulse 48
rate, and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic)
before and after exposure to light intensity for all
nurses for shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.27: Net change of blood oxygen saturation, pulse 49
rate, and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic)
before and after exposure to light intensity for all
nurses at night shift (9 p.m – 4 a.m)
Table 4.28: Net change of blood oxygen saturation, pulse 49
rate, and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic)
before and after exposure to light intensity for
male nurses at day shift (2 p.m – 9 p.m)
Table 4.29: Net change of blood oxygen saturation, pulse 50
rate, and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic)