An Invitation to A NA LY T I C C H R I S T I A N T H E O LO G Y Thomas H. McCall InterVarsity Press P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515-1426 ivpress.com [email protected] ©2015 by Thomas H. McCall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from InterVarsity Press. InterVarsity Press® is the book-publishing division of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA®, a movement of students and faculty active on campus at hundreds of universities, colleges and schools of nursing in the United States of America, and a member movement of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. For information about local and regional activities, visit intervarsity.org. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. Cover design: David Fassett Interior design: Beth McGill Images: Geometric abstract: © marigold_88/iStockphoto Celtic knotwork: © imacon/iStockphoto ISBN 978-0-8308-9930-2 (digital) ISBN 978-0-8308-4095-3 (print) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCall, Thomas H. An invitation to analytic Christian theology / Thomas H. McCall. 1 online resource. Includes bibliographical references and index. Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed. ISBN 978-0-8308-9930-2 (eBook) -- ISBN 978-0-8308-4095-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Theology—Methodology. 2. Analysis (Philosophy) 3. Philosophical theology. I. Title. BR118 230’.046—dc23 2015034219 To Bill Ury, my first and finest teacher of theology. You showed me what it means to do theology to the glory of God and for the sake of the world, and you helped me catch a precious glimpse of “love divine, all loves excelling.” I’ll be forever grateful. Contents Introduction 9 1 What Is Analytic Theology? 11 2 Analytic Theology and Christian Scripture 37 3 Analytic Theology and the History of Doctrine 83 4 Analytic Theology for the Church and the World 123 5 Analytic Theology to the Glory of God 161 Author Index 181 Subject Index 183 Praise for An Invitation to Analytic Christian Theology 184 About the Author 186 More Titles from InterVarsity Press 187 Introduction The wide range of events and publications that are loosely gathered under the label “analytic theology” is both quite broad and very active. Proponents and practitioners range from traditionally minded Orthodox and Roman Catholic philosophers and theologians through Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist and other tradition-sensitive scholars to conservative evangelicals and to revisionist or “progressive” theologians. In some quarters, enthusiasm runs high. In other sectors of the theological (and philosophical) academy, suspicion and even hostility run deep. Misunderstanding often accompanies the label, and questions abound. But just what is this thing called “analytic theology”? What are its “accidental” features, and what are its “essential” attributes? And what are we to make of it as theology? Or is it merely a technically precise and agenda-driven subdiscipline of analytic metaphysics? Where is it going? Is there some discernible direction that it will—or should—take? In this book, I introduce nonspecialists to analytic theology. I try to make clear both what it isn’t and what it is. Accordingly, I discuss what makes analytic theology analytic, and I try to lay out what makes analytic theology really theology. Specifically, I outline analytic theology’s con- nections to Scripture, Christian tradition and culture (broadly con- ceived), and I do so by using case studies to illuminate the relationships and the need for further integration. Here I must also confess to an agenda: I am hoping to influence the future of analytic theology by 10 Invitation to Analytic Christian Theology calling the discipline to a deeper engagement with the traditional re- sources of the theological task. I come to the work of analytic theology as someone who is, by training and by vocation, a theologian. Thus I am especially grateful for the pa- tience and graciousness of those friends and colleagues who have genuine expertise in epistemology, metaphysics and philosophy of re- ligion (as well as the history of philosophy). I am deeply indebted to you for whatever abilities I have as an analytic theologian, and I am truly grateful for your collegiality and encouragement. I am also thankful for those fellow theologians who have taken up the mantle of analytic the- ology; and I am grateful as well to those who led the way by actually doing it before it was ever called by that name. Oliver Crisp, Mike Rea and Billy Abraham read the manuscript and offered very helpful critique and encouragement, and the book is much improved as a result. (All remaining faults are, of course, entirely mine.) In addition, I am grateful for the community of saints and scholars who surround me at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (and especially the members of the Deerfield Dialogue Group who read part of the manuscript), and I am indebted as well to the administration and the board of regents for a sabbatical in the fall of 2014.