An introduction to the optical spectroscopy of inorganic solids

306 Pages·2005·3.252 MB·English

by  Jose Solé, Luisa Bausa, Daniel Jaque

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An Introduction to the
Optical Spectroscopy
of Inorganic Solids
J. Garc´ıa Sole´, L.E. Bausa´ and D. Jaque
UniversidadAuto´nomadeMadrid,Madrid,Spain
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An Introduction to the
Optical Spectroscopy
of Inorganic Solids
i
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ii
WY062-FM WY062-Sole December8,2004 19:31 CharCount=0
An Introduction to the
Optical Spectroscopy
of Inorganic Solids
J. Garc´ıa Sole´, L.E. Bausa´ and D. Jaque
UniversidadAuto´nomadeMadrid,Madrid,Spain
iii
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Garc´ıaSole´,J.(Jose´)
Anintroductiontotheopticalspectroscopyofinorganicsolids/J.Garc´ıaSole´,
andL.E.Bausa´,andD.Jaque.
p. cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN0-470-86885-6(cloth)—ISBN0-470-86886-4(pbk.)
1.Solids—Spectra. 2.Energy-bandtheoryofsolids. 3.Solidstatechemistry.
4.Chemistry,Inorganic. 5.Spectrumanalysis.
I.Bausa´,L.E.(LouisaE.) II.Jaque,D.(Daniel) III.Title.
QC176.8.O6G25 2005
530.4(cid:2)1—dc22 2004018408
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN0-470-868856(cloth)
0-470-868864(paper)
Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyTechBooks,NewDelhi,India
PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyTJInternational,Padstow,Cornwall
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry
inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction.
iv
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Tomywife,Rosario,andmytwochildren,PepeandPablo.Theyarethe
mostimportantpartofmylife.
Jose´ Garc´ıaSole´
ToBeatriz,Carmen,FernandoandLuisfortheirlove.
LuisaBausa´ Lo´pez
Tomyfamily
DanielJaqueGarcia
v
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Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
SomePhysicalConstantsofInterestinSpectroscopy xvii
APeriodicTableoftheElementsforOpticalSpectroscopy xix
1 Fundamentals 1
1.1 TheOriginsofSpectroscopy 1
1.2 TheElectromagneticSpectrumandOpticalSpectroscopy 2
1.3 Absorption 8
1.3.1 TheAbsorptionCoefficient 8
1.3.2 TheMeasurementofAbsorptionSpectra:TheSpectrophotometer 11
1.3.3 Reflectivity 15
1.4 Luminescence 16
1.4.1 TheMeasurementofPhotoluminescence:TheSpectrofluorimeter 17
1.4.2 LuminescentEfficiency 20
1.4.3 StokesandAnti-StokesShifts 22
1.4.4 Time-ResolvedLuminescence 25
1.5 Scattering:TheRamanEffect 28
1.6 AdvancedTopic:TheFourierTransformSpectrometer 33
Exercises 36
ReferencesandFurtherReading 38
2 LightSources 39
2.1 Introduction 39
2.1.1 ThermalRadiationandPlanck’sLaw 39
2.2 Lamps 41
2.2.1 TungstenandQuartzHalogenLamps 42
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