An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Private Law: Readings, Cases, Materials PDF
Preview An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Private Law: Readings, Cases, Materials
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRIVATE LAW SecondEdition Thesereadingsplacesidebysidetheprincipaldoctrinesofcontracts,torts, unjust enrichment, and property of the United States, England, France, Germany,andChina.Theyincludecodeprovisions,cases,andotherlegal materialsthatdescribethelawinforce,andplacethesedoctrinesintheir historical context, showing how the resolution of current issues depends upon how past issues were resolved. It both provides a road map of the private law of these jurisdictions, and shows how private law has been shaped by history, by the effort to solve common problems, and by differencesinculture. James Gordley holds the W.R. Irby Chair at Tulane Law School. He writes in the areas of comparative law, comparative legal history, and privatelaw. Hao Jiang is Assistant Professor of Comparative Law at Università Bocconi. He writes in the fields of comparative law, American corporate andcontractlaw,andChineseandEuropeanprivatelaw. ArthurTaylorvonMehrenwasStoryProfessorofLawatHarvardLaw School,andaleadingscholarincomparativelawandinternationalprivate law. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRIVATE LAW READINGS, CASES, MATERIALS Second Edition JAMES GORDLEY TulaneLawSchool HAO JIANG UniversitàBocconi ARTHUR TAYLOR VON MEHREN HarvardLawSchool UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108835848 DOI:10.1017/9781108869348 FirstEdition©JamesGordley2006 SecondEdition©JamesGordleyandHaoJiang2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2006 Thisdigitallyprintedversion2009 SecondEdition2021 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJBooksLtd.PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-108-83584-8Hardback ISBN978-1-108-79888-4Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents Preface pagexviii ForewordbyShiyuanHan xx ForewordbyReinhardZimmermann xxiii ForewordbyAndréTunc xxvi ForewordbyRoscoePound xxviii TableofAbbreviations xxxi TableofCases xxxv TableofLegislation l TableofRestatementsandKindredSources lvii TableofEULegislation lix TableofRoman,CanonLawandAncient ChineseSources lx INTRODUCTORY READINGS 1 I.TRADITIONS 3 A. TheWest 3 1. TheCivilLawTradition 3 a. RomanLaw 3 i. TheRomanJurists 3 ii. TheMedievalJurists 9 b. TheNaturalLawSchools 15 i. TheLateScholastics 15 ii. TheNorthernNaturalLawSchool 18 c. CodificationandtheRiseofPositivism 19 i. France 19 ii. Germany 23 iii. ConceptualisminFranceandGermany 26 2. TheCommonLawTradition 28 a. TheWritSystem 28 b. TransformationintheNineteenthCentury 30 v vi CONTENTS i. TheRationalizationoftheCommonLaw: FromWritstoLegalDoctrines 30 ii. PositivismandConceptualism 31 3. SincetheNineteenthCentury 34 a.TheRevoltagainstPositivismandConceptualism 34 b.TheEmergenceofComparativeLaw 35 B. China 36 1. LawinImperialChina 36 a. LawversusLi 37 b. DistributiveJusticeversusCommutativeJustice 38 c. TheResponsibilityoftheFamilyversusthat oftheIndividual 41 d. ALawofPunishments 42 2. LawinModernChina 48 a. TheEarlyTwentiethCentury 48 b. TheRepublicofChina(1911–1949) 50 c. ThePeople’sRepublicofChina 51 i. SomePersistentProblems 51 ii. TheSocialistExperience 54 iii. TheReform 60 II.INSTITUTIONS 65 A. TheWest 65 1. GermanyandtheUnitedStates 65 2. France 99 3. England 110 B. China 122 1. TheStructureoftheCourtSystem 122 2. TheRoleofJudges 123 a. ManagerialJudging 123 b. Service-OrientedJudging 123 3. JudicialIndependence 124 a. CollectiveIndependenceofthe Courts 124 b. TheInfluenceofaHigherCourt 125 c. ThePolitical-LegalCommittee 125 4. TheEmergingCaseLawSystem 126 5. Professionalism 127 CONTENTS vii COMPARATIVE PRIVATE LAW 131 PART ONE: THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS CONTRACTLAW 133 I.THESTRUCTUREOFCONTRACTLAW 133 1. CivilLaw 133 2. CommonLaw 141 3. ChineseLaw 146 II.VOLUNTARYCOMMITMENT 152 1. TheMomentatwhichaCommitmentIsBinding 152 CommonLaw 152 GermanLaw 155 FrenchLaw 156 ChineseLaw 156 TheDraftCommonFrameofReference 157 TheUnidroitPrinciplesofInternationalCommercialContracts 158 2. LiabilitybeforeaFinalCommitmentIsMade 160 EnglishLaw 160 LawintheUnitedStates 163 FrenchLaw 168 GermanLaw 171 ChineseLaw 175 TheDraftCommonFrameofReference 177 TheUnidroitPrinciplesofInternationalCommercial Contracts 178 3. Mistake 178 a. TheSearchforaRule 180 b. WhenReliefIsGranted 184 i.MistakesinAuthenticity 184 ii.MistakesinSuitabilityforaPurpose 188 iii.MistakesinValue 191 III.FAIRNESS 193 1. FairnessofthePriceTerm 193 a. Origins 193 b. ModernLaw 201 EnglishLaw 201 viii CONTENTS LawintheUnitedStates 202 GermanLaw 205 FrenchLaw 212 ChineseLaw 218 TheDraftCommonFrameofReference 220 TheUnidroitPrinciplesofInternationalCommercial Contracts 221 c. ChineseLawandtheState-OwnedEnterprise 221 2. FairnessoftheAuxiliaryTerms 227 EnglishLaw 227 LawintheUnitedStates 228 FrenchLaw 229 GermanLaw 231 ChineseLaw 233 TheLawoftheEuropeanUnion 233 TheDraftCommonFrameofReference 238 TheUnidroitPrinciplesofInternationalCommercial Contracts 240 IV.EXCUSESFORNON-PERFORMANCE 240 1. ImpossibilityandForceMajeure 240 CommonLaw 242 FrenchLaw 244 GermanLaw 245 ChineseLaw 247 TheDraftCommonFrameofReference 248 TheUnidroitPrinciplesofInternationalCommercial Contracts 248 2. ChangedCircumstances 249 a. Origins 249 b. ModernLaw 251 EnglishLaw 251 LawintheUnitedStates 253 FrenchLaw 255 GermanLaw 256 ChineseLaw 263 TheDraftCommonFrameofReference 266 TheUnidroitPrinciplesofInternationalCommercial Contracts 267 CONTENTS ix V.REMEDIES 267 1. SpecificPerformance 267 a. Origins 267 b. ModernLaw 269 EnglishLaw 269 LawintheUnitedStates 272 FrenchLaw 272 GermanLaw 273 ChineseLaw 275 2. Damages 276 a. TheGeneralPrinciple 276 EnglishLaw 276 LawintheUnitedStates 276 FrenchLaw 276 GermanLaw 276 ChineseLaw 277 b. ExcessiveCostofPerformance 277 EnglishLaw 277 LawintheUnitedStates 279 FrenchLaw 280 GermanLaw 281 ChineseLaw 281 c. LiquidatedDamages 282 EnglishLaw 282 LawintheUnitedStates 283 FrenchLaw 283 GermanLaw 283 ChineseLaw 283 d. RecoveryforNon-EconomicHarm 284 EnglishLaw 284 LawintheUnitedStates 286 FrenchLaw 286 GermanLaw 287 ChineseLaw 290 e. RecoveryforUnforeseeableHarm 290 i.Origins 290 ii.ModernLaw 291 FrenchLaw 291 EnglishLaw 293 LawintheUnitedStates 296 ChineseLaw 297
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