An Introduction to Statistics: An Active Learning Approach, 2nd Edition PDF
Preview An Introduction to Statistics: An Active Learning Approach, 2nd Edition
An Introduction to Statistics Second Edition An Introduction to Statistics An Active Learning Approach Second Edition Kieth A. Carlson Valparaiso University Jennifer R. Winquist Valparaiso University FOR INFORMATION: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London, EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 3 Church Street #10–04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Copyright © 2018 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All trademarks depicted within this book, including trademarks appearing as part of a screenshot, figure, or other image are included solely for the purpose of illustration and are the property of their respective holders. The use of the trademarks in no way indicates any relationship with, or endorsement by, the holders of said trademarks. SPSS is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Carlson, Kieth A., author. | Winquist, Jennifer R., author. Title: Introduction to statistics : an active learning approach / Kieth A. Carlson & Jennifer R.Winquist, Valparaiso University. Description: Second edition. | Los Angeles : SAGE, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016039108 | ISBN 9781483378732 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Social sciences —Statistical methods. | Statistics. Classification: LCC HA29 .C288 2018 | DDC 519.5—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016039108 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Acquisitions Editor: Abbie Rickard Editorial Assistant: Alexander Helmintoller eLearning Editor: Morgan Shannon Production Editor: Kelly DeRosa Copy Editor: Gillian Dickens Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreader: Jeanne Busemeyer Indexer: Wendy Jo Dymond Cover Designer: Rose Storey Marketing Manager: Katherine Hepburn Contents Preface About the Authors Chapter 1. Introduction to Statistics and Frequency Distributions Chapter 2. Central Tendency Chapter 3. Variability Chapter 4. z Scores Chapter 5. The Distribution of Sample Means and z for a Sample Mean Chapter 6. Hypothesis Testing With z Scores Chapter 7. Single-Sample t Test Chapter 8. Estimation With Confidence Intervals Chapter 9. Related Samples t Test Chapter 10. Independent Samples t Test Chapter 11. One-way Independent Samples ANOVA Chapter 12. Two-Factor ANOVA or Two-Way ANOVA Chapter 13. Correlation and Regression Chapter 14. Goodness-of-Fit and Independence Chi-Square Statistics Appendices Index Detailed Contents Preface About the Authors 1 Introduction to Statistics and Frequency Distributions How to Be Successful in This Course Math Skills Required in This Course Why Do You Have to Take Statistics? Statistics and the Helping Professions Hypothesis Testing, Effect Size, and Confidence Intervals Testing Causal Hypotheses Populations and Samples Independent and Dependent Variables Scales of Measurement Discrete Versus Continuous Variables Graphing Data Shapes of Distributions Frequency Distribution Tables SPSS Overview of the Activity Activity 1.1: Frequency Distributions Chapter 1 Practice Test 2 Central Tendency Central Tendency Computing the Mean Find the Median Find the Mode SPSS Overview of the Activity Activity 2.1: Central Tendency Chapter 2 Practice Test 3 Variability Population Variability Steps in Computing a Population’s Standard Deviation Step 1: Compute the Deviation Scores (X − µ) Step 2: Square the Deviation Scores (X − µ)2 Step 3: Compute the Sum of the Squared Deviation Scores, SS =
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