An Introduction to Qualitative Research PDF
Preview An Introduction to Qualitative Research
SAGE has been part of the global academic community since 1965, supporting high quality research and learning that transforms society and our understanding of individuals, groups, and cultures. SAGE is the independent, innovative, natural home for authors, editors and societies who share our commitment and passion for the social sciences. Find out more at: www.sagepublications.com Connect, Debate, Engage on Methodspace Connect with other researchers and discuss your research interests Keep up with announcements in the field, for example calls for papers and jobs Discover and review resources Engage with featured content such as key articles, podcasts and videos Find out about relevant conferences and events www.methodspace.com © Uwe Flick 2014 First edition published 1998. Second edition published 2002. Third edition first published 2006. Fourth edition first published 2009. This edition published 2014. © Originally published as Qualitative Forschung in the ‘rowohlts enzyklopädie’ series. © 2007 Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Reinbek bei Hamburg Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. Library of Congress Control Number: 2013942397 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-4462-6778-3 ISBN 978-1-4462-6779-0 (pbk) SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road New Delhi 110 044 SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Editor: Katie Metzler Development editor: Amy Jarrold Production editor: Ian Antcliff Copyeditor: Neville Hankins Proofreader: Rose James Indexer: David Rudeforth Marketing manager: Ben Griffin-Sherwood Cover design: Shaun Mercier Typeset by: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd, Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD Brief Contents List of Boxes List of Figures List of Tables List of Case Studies About the Author Publisher’s Acknowledgements Preface to the Fifth Edition PART 1 FRAMEWORK 1 Guide to This Book 2 Qualitative Research: Why and How to Do It 3 Qualitative and Quantitative Research 4 Approaches to Qualitative Research 5 Ethics of Qualitative Research PART 2 THEORY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 6 Using the Existing Literature 7 Theories Underlying Qualitative Research 8 Texts as Data in Qualitative Research PART 3 RESEARCH DESIGN 9 Designing Qualitative Research 10 The Qualitative Research Process 11 Research Questions 12 Entering the Field 13 Sampling 14 Triangulation PART 4 VERBAL DATA 15 Collecting Verbal Data 16 Interviews 17 Focus Groups 18 Using Narrative Data PART 5 DATA BEYOND TALK 19 Collecting Data beyond Talk 20 Observation and Ethnography 21 Visual Data: Photography, Film, and Video 22 Using Documents as Data PART 6 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS 23 Qualitative Data Analysis 24 Transcription and Data Management 25 Grounded Theory Coding 26 Thematic Coding and Content Analysis 27 Naturally Occurring Data: Conversation, Discourse, and Hermeneutic Analysis 28 Using Software in Qualitative Data Analysis PART 7 GROUNDING, WRITING, AND OUTLOOK 29 Quality of Qualitative Research: Criteria and Beyond 30 Writing Qualitative Research 31 State of the Art and the Future Glossary References Author Index Subject Index Contents List of Boxes List of Figures List of Tables List of Case Studies About the Author Publisher’s Acknowledgements Preface to the Fifth Edition PART 1 FRAMEWORK 1 Guide to This Book The Approach of This Book The Structure of the Book Special Features of the Book How to Use This Book 2 Qualitative Research: Why and How to Do It The Relevance of Qualitative Research Research Questions as a Starting Point Limitations of Quantitative Research Essential Features A Brief History of Qualitative Research Qualitative Research at the End of Modernity Landmarks in Qualitative Research 3 Qualitative and Quantitative Research Relationship of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Linking Qualitative and Quantitative Research in One Design Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Data Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods Linking Qualitative and Quantitative Results Research Evaluation and Generalization Mixed-Methods Research Methods’ Appropriateness as a Point of Reference Checklist for Deciding between Using Qualitative or Quantitative Research 4 Approaches to Qualitative Research Research Programs in Qualitative Research Major Methods and Types of Data General Issues Checklist for Locating a Study in the Field 5 Ethics of Qualitative Research The Need for Ethics in Research Codes of Ethics Ethics Committees How to Act Ethically Qualitative Research Ethics—Necessary for Better Research Checklist for Taking Ethical Issues into Account PART 2 THEORY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 6 Using the Existing Literature How and When to Use the Literature How to Use the Theoretical Literature How to Use Theories How to Use Empirical Literature How to Use the Methodological Literature How to Use the Literature When Writing about Your Study Where to Search the Literature How to Search the Literature Checklist for Literature Reviews 7 Theories Underlying Qualitative Research Positivism Constructionism Construction of Knowledge Feminism Research Perspectives Symbolic Interactionism Ethnomethodology Structuralist Models Rivalry of Paradigms or Triangulation of Perspectives Common Features of the Different Positions Guideline Questions for Locating Procedures in Theoretical Frameworks
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