An Introduction to Programming with C++

628 Pages·2015·11.964 MB·English

by  Diane Zak

AN INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING WITH C++

EIGHTH EDITION
A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O
P R O G R A M M I N G W I T H C + +
DIANE ZAK
Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States
An Introduction to Programming with C++, © 2016 Cengage Learning
Eighth Edition
WCN: 02-200-203
Diane Zak
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Printed in the United States of America
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2016
v
Brief Contents
Preface xiv
Read This Before You Begin xviii
ChaptEr 1 an introduction to Programming 1
ChaptEr 2 Beginning the Problem-Solving Process 23
ChaptEr 3 Variables and Constants 51
ChaptEr 4 Completing the Problem-Solving Process 75
ChaptEr 5 The Selection Structure 113
ChaptEr 6 More on the Selection Structure 157
ChaptEr 7 The Repetition Structure 201
ChaptEr 8 More on the Repetition Structure 247
ChaptEr 9 Value-Returning Functions 279
ChaptEr 10 Void Functions 329
ChaptEr 11 One-Dimensional arrays 369
ChaptEr 12 Two-Dimensional arrays 425
ChaptEr 13 Strings 461
ChaptEr 14 Sequential access Files 511
ChaptEr 15 Classes and Objects 551
appEndix a C++ keywords 593
appEndix B aSCii Codes 595
appEndix C Common Syntax errors 597
appEndix d How To Boxes 599
index 603
The answers pdf and data files can be found online at CengageBrain com
vi
Contents
Preface xiv
Read This Before You Begin xviii
ChaptEr 1 an introduction to Programming 1
Programming a Computer 2
The Programmer’s Job 2
employment Opportunities 2
a Brief History of Programming Languages 3
Machine Languages 3
assembly Languages 3
High-Level Languages 4
Control Structures 5
The Sequence Structure 5
The Selection Structure 6
The Repetition Structure 8
LaB 1-1 Stop and analyze 10
LaB 1-2 Plan and Create 10
LaB 1-3 Modify 11
LaB 1-4 What’s Missing? 11
Chapter Summary 12
key Terms 12
Review Questions 13
exercises 14
ChaptEr 2 Beginning the Problem-Solving Process 23
Problem Solving 24
Solving everyday Problems 24
Creating Computer Solutions to Problems 25
Step 1—analyze the Problem 26
Hints for analyzing Problems 26
Step 2—Plan the algorithm 28
Step 3—Desk-Check the algorithm 31
The Gas Mileage Problem 34
LaB 2-1 Stop and analyze 36
LaB 2-2 Plan and Create 36
LaB 2-3 Modify 39
LaB 2-4 What’s Missing? 39
LaB 2-5 Desk-Check 40
LaB 2-6 Debug 40
vii

Chapter Summary 42
key Terms 43
Review Questions 43
exercises 45
ChaptEr 3 Variables and Constants 51
Beginning Step 4 in the Problem-Solving Process 52
internal Memory 52
Selecting a name for a Memory Location 53
Revisiting the addison O’Reilly Problem from Chapter 2 54
Selecting a Data Type for a Memory Location 55
How Data is Stored in internal Memory 57
Selecting an initial Value for a Memory Location 60
Declaring a Memory Location 62
LaB 3-1 Stop and analyze 64
LaB 3-2 Plan and Create 65
LaB 3-3 Modify 67
LaB 3-4 What’s Missing? 67
LaB 3-5 Desk-Check 67
LaB 3-6 Debug 68
Chapter Summary 68
key Terms 69
Review Questions 70
exercises 71
ChaptEr 4 Completing the Problem-Solving Process 75
Finishing Step 4 in the Problem-Solving Process 76
Getting Data from the keyboard 76
Displaying Messages on the Computer Screen 78
arithmetic Operators in C++ 81
Type Conversions in arithmetic expressions 82
The static_cast Operator 83
assignment Statements 84
arithmetic assignment Operators 87
Step 5—Desk-Check the Program 88
Step 6—evaluate and Modify the Program 90
LaB 4-1 Stop and analyze 94
LaB 4-2 Plan and Create 95
LaB 4-3 Modify 98
LaB 4-4 What’s Missing? 98
LaB 4-5 Desk-Check 99
LaB 4-6 Debug 99
Chapter Summary 99
key Terms 101
Review Questions 102
exercises 104
viii
ContEnts
ChaptEr 5 The Selection Structure 113
Making Decisions 114
Flowcharting a Selection Structure 116
Coding Selection Structures in C++ 118
Comparison Operators 120
Swapping numeric Values 121
Displaying the area or Circumference 124
Logical Operators 126
Using the Truth Tables 129
a Different Version of the area or Circumference Program 130
Summary of Operators 132
Converting a Character to Uppercase or Lowercase 133
Formatting numeric Output 134
LaB 5-1 Stop and analyze 137
LaB 5-2 Plan and Create 138
LaB 5-3 Modify 143
LaB 5-4 What’s Missing? 143
LaB 5-5 Desk-Check 143
LaB 5-6 Debug 144
Chapter Summary 144
key Terms 145
Review Questions 146
exercises 147
ChaptEr 6 More on the Selection Structure 157
nested Selection Structures 158
Flowcharting a nested Selection Structure 161
Coding a nested Selection Structure 163
Logic errors in Selection Structures 165
First Logic error: Using a Compound Condition Rather Than a nested
Selection Structure 167
Second Logic error: Reversing the Outer and nested Decisions 169
Third Logic error: Using an Unnecessary nested Selection Structure 169
Fourth Logic error: including an Unnecessary Comparison in a Condition 170
Multiple-alternative Selection Structures 173
The switch Statement 174
LaB 6-1 Stop and analyze 177
LaB 6-2 Plan and Create 178
LaB 6-3 Modify 182
LaB 6-4 What’s Missing? 182
LaB 6-5 Desk-Check 183
LaB 6-6 Debug 183
Chapter Summary 184
key Terms 184
Review Questions 185
exercises 187
ix

ChaptEr 7 The Repetition Structure 201
Repeating Program instructions 202
Using a Pretest Loop to Solve a Real-World Problem 204
Flowcharting a Pretest Loop 206
The while Statement 208
Using Counters and accumulators 211
The Stock Price Program 213
Counter-Controlled Pretest Loops 217
The for Statement 219
The Total Payroll Program 220
The Tip Program 223
another Version of the Commission Program 224
The even integers Program 226
LaB 7-1 Stop and analyze 229
LaB 7-2 Plan and Create 230
LaB 7-3 Modify 234
LaB 7-4 What’s Missing? 234
LaB 7-5 Desk-Check 234
LaB 7-6 Debug 234
Chapter Summary 235
key Terms 236
Review Questions 236
exercises 239
ChaptEr 8 More on the Repetition Structure 247
Posttest Loops 248
Flowcharting a Posttest Loop 250
The do while Statement 252
nested Repetition Structures 254
The Clock Program 255
The Car Depreciation Program 258
LaB 8-1 Stop and analyze 262
LaB 8-2 Plan and Create 263
LaB 8-3 Modify 267
LaB 8-4 What’s Missing? 267
LaB 8-5 Desk-Check 267
LaB 8-6 Debug 268
Chapter Summary 268
key Terms 268
Review Questions 269
exercises 270
ChaptEr 9 Value-Returning Functions 279
Functions 280
Value-Returning Functions 281
The pow Function 281