Table Of Content

BLM LIBRARY 88044011 INTERIOR EMPIRE: HISTORICAL QYgRVtfW OP THE CIOWMIIA BASIN Subrnitteql. tQ Eastside Ecosystem Mangge^ment Project 112 East Poplar Street Wgllg Walla, WA 99362 Stephen Dow Beckham 1389 SW Hood View Lane Lake Oswego, OR 97034-1505 July. 1995 AN INTERIOR EMPIRE: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE COLUMBIA BASIN Submitted to Eastside Ecosystem Management Project 112 East Poplar Street Walla Walla, WA 99362 Stephen Dow Beckham 1389 SW Hood View Lane Lake Oswego, OR 97034-1505 July, 1995 Preface The following report was prepared by University scientists through cooperative agreement, project science staff, or contractors as part of the ongoing efforts of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, co-managed by the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management. It was prepared for the express purpose of compiling information, reviewing available literature, researching topics related to ecosystems within the Interior Columbia Basin, or exploring relationships among biophysical and economic/social resources. This report has been reviewed by agency scientists as part of the ongoing ecosystem project. The report may be cited within the primary products produced by the project or it may have served its purposes by furthering our understanding of complex resource issues within the Basin. This report may become the basis for scientific journal articles or technical reports by the USDA Forest Service or USDI Bureau of Land Management. The attached report has not been through all the steps appropriate to final publishing as either a scientific journal article or a technical report. \ £ ■ P9 ■J's nC' r . ifl! i TABLE OF CONTENTS "About midnight we reached the long for Columbia River, but alas! what a disappointment. We had thought that we would find the Promised Land, we had set our hopes on a new Eden! Not so! We found a dry and arid land where there was not a piece of wood, not even a stick, and where a violent wind carried clouds of dust with it." Honore-Timothee Lempfrit, Diary, Columbia Plateau, September, 1848 Table of Contents List of Tables. ii List of Graphs. iii Introduction. iv 1. Native Americans. 1 2. Exploration and Fur Trade. 7 3. Missions.19 4. Overland Emigration. 26 5. Early Federal Indian Policy. 34 6. Euroamerican Settlement.'. 43 7. Transportation. 56 8. Economic Development. 72 9. Federal Projects. 99 10. Population.120 11. Conclusions.124 Bibliography.128 Appendices.145 i of r:^]' / LIST OF TABLES Table No. Page 1. Fur Trade Posts, Columbia Basin, 1810-36. 12 2. Portage Activity, Cascades of the Columbia River, 1861-64 . 62 3. Gold and Silver Shipments from Portland, Oregon, 1864-1870 . 90 4. Idaho Miners, 1870-1930 . 91 5. Idaho Loggers, Rafters,and Sawmill Workers, 1870-1930 . 94 6. Major Power Projects, Columbia River and Major Tributaries East of the Cascades to 1959 . 106 7. Selected Minority Populations, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, 1980 . 122 m I V ' ’L> -jc; on I \\ ■Tti 1 M 'no ' V r - ' ■ lii c‘L' 'V