APPROVED FINAL COVER ART Salmon Lice An Integrated Approach to Understanding Parasite Abundance and Distribution The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is adapted to survive in hostile marine Salmon Lice S environments of the northern hemisphere, including an ability to parasitize several species of salmon. Salmonids are some of the most economically important and sought after fish a for human consumption, and louse parasitism has a significant impact both on cultured and wild fish populations. Salmon Lice is a timely collection of the latest research on the l cause and spread of lice infestations and management techniques being designed and m implemented to combat this issue. Salmon Lice provides a thorough single volume review of Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the key An Integrated Approach to Understanding Parasite parasite standing in the way of sustainable and profitable production of salmonid fishes o including salmon, trout, and charr. Opening with a review of the biology, morphology, life Abundance and Distribution cycle, and larval behavior of the parasite, Salmon Lice proceeds to review the distribution n of planktonic larvae of salmon lice, addresses management techniques used in salmonid aquaculture and capture fisheries, provides a practical assessment of the salmon lice issue, and explores potential solutions to the problem. L With comprehensive coverage of the biology and distribution of this harmful and ubiquitous parasite, Salmon Lice will be of value to fish health researchers, aquaculture and i fisheries professionals, and seafood industry personnel to inform the management of both c cultured and wild salmonid populations. e Key Features: In-depth coverage of a key parasite impacting viability and sustainability of salmonid fisheries and aquaculture Integrates parasite biology and hydrodynamic models in diverse coastal ecosystems Provides a practical assessment of the salmon louse issue Reviews international salmon louse monitoring and management techniques used in J salmonid fisheries and aquaculture o n editors: e simon Jones is a Research Scientist in Aquatic Animal Health at the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, s British Columbia, Canada. & richard Beamish is Senior Scientist in the Salmon and Freshwater Ecosystems Division at the Pacific B Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. e related titles: a Simon Jones & Atlantic Salmon Ecology Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases m By Øystein Aas, Anders Klemetsen, of Cultured Fishes, 3rd Edition i Sigurd Einum, and Jostein Skurdal By John A. Plumb and Larry A. Hanson s Richard Beamish ISBN: 9781405197694 ISBN: 9780813816937 h isbn 978-0-8138-1362-2 9 780813 813622 beamish_9780813813622_cover.indd 1 7/19/11 1:45 PM P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FM BLBS084-Beamish July12,2011 12:5 Trim:244mm×172mm P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FM BLBS084-Beamish July12,2011 12:5 Trim:244mm×172mm Salmon Lice An Integrated Approach to Understanding Parasite Abundance and Distribution P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FM BLBS084-Beamish July12,2011 12:5 Trim:244mm×172mm P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FM BLBS084-Beamish July12,2011 12:5 Trim:244mm×172mm Salmon Lice An Integrated Approach to Understanding Parasite Abundance and Distribution Edited by Simon Jones Richard Beamish A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FM BLBS084-Beamish July12,2011 12:5 Trim:244mm×172mm Thiseditionfirstpublished2011,©2011byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc. 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Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrand namesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregistered trademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendor mentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationin regardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedin renderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservices ofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Salmonlice:anintegratedapproachtounderstandingparasiteabundanceanddistribution/editedby RichardBeamish,SimonJones. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-8138-1362-2(hardcover:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-8138-1362-X 1.Lepeophtheirussalmonis. 2.Lepeophtheirussalmonis–Control. 3.Lepeophtheirussalmonis– Geographicaldistribution. I.Beamish,Richard. II.Jones,Simon. QL444.C79S252011 639.3(cid:2)756–dc23 2011016564 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Thisbookispublishedinthefollowingelectronicformats:ePDF9780470961537; WileyOnlineLibrary9780470961568;ePub9780470961544;Mobi9780470961551 (cid:3) Setin10/12ptDutch801BTbyAptaraR Inc.,NewDelhi,India Disclaimer Thepublisherandtheauthormakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor completenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,includingwithout limitationwarrantiesoffitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales orpromotionalmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforevery situation.Thisworkissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderinglegal, accounting,orotherprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionalassistanceisrequired,theservicesofa competentprofessionalpersonshouldbesought.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefor damagesarisingherefrom.ThefactthatanorganizationorWebsiteisreferredtointhisworkasacitation and/orapotentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthattheauthororthepublisherendorses theinformationtheorganizationorWebsitemayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Further, readersshouldbeawarethatInternetWebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappeared betweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread. 1 2011 P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FM BLBS084-Beamish July12,2011 12:5 Trim:244mm×172mm Contents ListofContributors vii ForewordbyBobKabata xi Preface xiii Introduction:Lepeophtheirussalmonis—ARemarkableSuccessStory 1 CraigJ.Hayward,MelanieAndrews,andBarbaraF.Nowak PartI: TheDistributionandAbundanceofPlanktonicLarvalStagesof Lepeophtheirussalmonis:SurveillanceandModeling Chapter1. ModelingtheDistributionandAbundanceofPlanktonicLarval StagesofLepeophtheirussalmonisinNorway 31 LarsAsplin,KarinK.Boxaspen,andAnneD.Sandvik Chapter2. AbundanceandDistributionofLarvalSeaLiceinScottish CoastalWaters 51 AlexanderG.Murray,TrishL.Amundrud,MichaelJ.Penston, CampbellC.Pert,andStuartJ.Middlemas Chapter3. SeaLouseAbundanceonFarmedSalmonintheSouthwestern NewBrunswickAreaoftheBayofFundy 83 BlytheD.Chang,FredH.Page,MichaelJ.Beattie,and BarryW.H.Hill Chapter4. ModelingSeaLiceProductionandConcentrationsinthe BroughtonArchipelago,BritishColumbia 117 DarioJ.Stucchi,MingGuo,MichaelG.G.Foreman,PiotrCzajko, MoiraGalbraith,DavidL.Mackas,andPhilipA.Gillibrand PartII: SalmonLouseManagementonFarmedSalmon Chapter5: SalmonLouseManagementonFarmedSalmon—Norway 153 GordonRitchieandKarinK.Boxaspen Chapter6: Ireland:TheDevelopmentofSeaLiceManagementMethods 177 DavidJackson Chapter7: SalmonLouseManagementonFarmedSalmoninScotland 205 CrawfordW.Revie Chapter8: SeaLiceManagementonSalmonFarmsinBritish Columbia,Canada 235 SonjaM.Saksida,DianeMorrison,MarkSheppard,andIanKeith v P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FM BLBS084-Beamish July12,2011 12:5 Trim:244mm×172mm vi Contents PartIII: SalmonLiceonWildSalmonidsinCoastalZones:PresentStatus andImplications Chapter9: PresentStatusandImplicationsofSalmonLiceonWildSalmonids inNorwegianCoastalZones 281 BengtFinstadandPa˚lArneBjørn Chapter10: LepeophtheirussalmonisonSalmonidsintheNortheast PacificOcean 307 SimonR.M.JonesandRichardJ.Beamish Index 331 Colorplatesappearbetweenpages50and51. P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FMBM BLBS084-Beamish July6,2011 10:38 Trim:244mm×172mm List of Contributors TrishL.Amundrud MarineScotlandScience MarineLaboratory Aberdeen,Scotland,UnitedKingdom MelanieAndrews KinkiUniversity FisheriesResearchLaboratory Kushimoto,Wakayama,Japan LarsAsplin InstituteofMarineResearch Bergen,Norway RichardJ.Beamish PacificBiologicalStation FisheriesandOceansCanada Nanaimo,BritishColumbia,Canada MichaelJ.Beattie NewBrunswickDepartmentofAgriculture,AquacultureandFisheries St.George,NewBrunswick,Canada Pa˚lArneBjørn InstituteofMarineResearch Bergen,Norway KarinK.Boxaspen InstituteofMarineResearch Bergen,Norway BlytheD.Chang St.AndrewsBiologicalStation St.Andrews,NewBrunswick,Canada PiotrCzajko DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering UniversityofVictoria Victoria,BritishColumbia,Canada vii P1:SFK/UKS P2:SFK BLBS084-FMBM BLBS084-Beamish July6,2011 10:38 Trim:244mm×172mm viii ListofContributors BengtFinstad NorwegianInstituteforNatureResearch Trondheim,Norway MichaelG.G.Foreman InstituteofOceanSciences FisheriesandOceansCanada Sidney,BritishColumbia,Canada MoiraGalbraith InstituteofOceanSciences FisheriesandOceansCanada Sidney,BritishColumbia,Canada PhilipA.Gillibrand NationalInstituteforWater&AtmosphericResearch Christchurch,NewZealand MingGuo InstituteofOceanSciences FisheriesandOceansCanada Sidney,BritishColumbia,Canada CraigJ.Hayward TohokuUniversity InstituteforInternationalEducation Sendai,Miyagi,Japan BarryW.H.Hill NewBrunswickDepartmentofAgricultureandAquaculture St.George,NewBrunswick,Canada DavidJackson MarineInstitute Galway,Ireland SimonR.M.Jones PacificBiologicalStation FisheriesandOceansCanada Nanaimo,BritishColumbia,Canada IanKeith FisheriesandOceansCanada Courtenay,BritishColumbia,Canada
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