An Indian Freedom Fighter Recalls Her Life PDF
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Manmohini Zutshi Sabga! An Indian Freedom Fighter Recalls Her Life Autobiographies and Memoirs of Women from Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America Geraldine Forbes, Series Editor SHUDHA MAZUMDAR MEMOIRS OF AN INDIAN WOMAN Edited with an Introduction by Geraldine Forbes CHEN XUEZHAO SURVIVING THE STORM A Memoir Edited with an Introduction by Jeffrey C. Kinkley Translated by Ti Hua and Caroline Greene KANEKO FUMIKO THE PRISON MEMOIRS OF A JAPANESE WOMAN Translated by Jean Inglis Introduction by Mikiso Hane MANMOHINI ZUTSHI SAHGAL AN INDIAN FREEDOM FIGHTER RECALLS HER LIFE Edited by Geraldine Forbes Foreword by B.K. Nehru THE WOMAN WITH THE ARTISTIC BRUSH A Life History of Yoruba Batik Artist Nike OIaniyi Davies Kim Marie Vaz Manmohini Zutshi Sahga! An Indian Freedom Fighter Recalls Her Life Edited by GeraJdine Forbes With a Foreword by B. K. Nehru An East Gate Book An East Gate Book First published 1994 by M.E. Sharpe Published 2015 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 1994 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notices No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sahgal, Manmohini Zutshi, 1909- An Indian freedom fighter recalls her life I Manmohini Zutshi Sahgal: edited by Geraldine Forbes. p. cm. -(Foremother legacies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56324-339-3. - ISBN 1-56324-340-7 (pbk.) I. Sahgal, Manmohini Zutshi, 1909- 2. Women social reformers-India-Biography. 3. Women political activists-India-Biography. 4. Kashmiri Pandits-Sociallife and customs. 5. Women--India-Social conditions. 6. Women--India-Politics and government. I. Forbes, Geraldine Hancock, 1943- . II. Title. III. Series. HQ1742.S235 1994 305.42'092--dc20 94-27345 CIP ISBN 13: 9781563243400 (pbk) ISBN 13: 9781563243394 (hbk) This book is dedicated to my late husband, Amrit Sahgal, for his active interest, encouragement, and support throughout our life together, and to my eldest sister, the late Chandra Kumari Handoo, who was espe cially keen that these memoirs be completed. Manmohini Sahgal New Delhi, 1993 Thispageintentionallyleftblank Contents Foreword B.K. Nehru ix Acknowledgments Manmohini Sahgal, Geraldine Forbes xi Introduction Geraldine Forbes xiii The Nehru Family Tree xxv Map ofIndia and Pakistan, 1947 xxvi Map of Major Indian Cities xxvii Photographs follow page 66 1. EARLY LIFE 3 2. MY MOTHER AND OUR FAMILY 11 3. MY EDUCATION 30 4. THE LAHORE CONGRESS, 1929 40 5. THE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENT 53 6. I AM ARRESTED, 1930 67 7. FIGHTING THE RAJ 86 8. A NEW LIFE 98 9. NEW DELHI AND SIMLA 104 10. BOMBAY, 1942-47 117 11. WITH THE MINISTRY OF REHABILITATION, 194&-55 124 12. GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1952, 1957, AND 1971 135 13. WELFARE WORK AFTER PARTITION 145 Epilogue 157 Glossary 159 Index 161 Thispageintentionallyleftblank Foreword Manmohini Sahgal was born into one of the foremost families of India more than eight decades ago. The world was very different then from what it is now. And India was totally different. A colony of the United Kingdom, the jewel in the crown of the King Emperor, a part of the Empire on which the sun never set, India as it was seemed eternal. The odds against the Empire's end and India's freedom and inde pendence were tremendous. India was a large country but a poor one, for its economic resources had not been developed for the benefit of its inhabitants. Its population was diverse, with many religions and nu merous languages, and India's government was continuously engaged in encouraging the frictions that arose from such diversity so that it could divide and rule. The people were unarmed, thus armed revolt was not an option for them. They were prevented, as far as was possi ble, from organizing for political purposes; any organization suspected of antigovernment activity was suppressed. How could such a country ever escape subordination to the most powerful empire the world had ever known? Yet the determination of the people of India was such that they were not deterred from making the effort. In the peculiar conditions under which they lived, they rebelled through satyagraha, or nonviolent civil disobedience, the method they adopted under the leadership of Ma hatma Gandhi. Since his battle against the revolting treatment of the ix
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