An examination of the shrimp family Callianideidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) PDF
Preview An examination of the shrimp family Callianideidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea)
PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 104(3), 1991, pp. 493-537 AN EXAMINATION OF THE SHRIMP FAMILY CALLIANIDEIDAE (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: THALASSINIDEA) Brian Kensley and Richard W. Heard Abstract.—One striking character was found to unite the members of the family CaUianideidae, viz. the presence ofrows ofplumose setae, each seta sited in a pit, these rows being found on the carapace, abdominal pleura, and propodi of pereopods 2—4. Several new taxa are described: Crosniera, new genus (for Callianassa minima Rathbun, 1901); Michelea, newgenus (for Cal- & lianidea vandoverae Gore, 1987, Callianidea leura Poore Griffin, 1979, Cal- lianidealepta Sakai, 1987,plusthenewspeciesM.pillsburyiandM. lamellosa); Mictaxius, new genus (with the new species M. thalassicola); Marcusiaxius lemoscastroiRodrigues&Carvalho, 1972, isredescribed, alongwithM. colpos, newspecies,whilesixspeciesofMeticonaxiusarediscussed,withMeticonaxius bouvieri, new species described. A cladistic analysis of 11 taxa suggested that, within the CaUianideidae, pleopodal respiratory filaments arose twice, thatthe linea thalassinica and the dentate ischial crest ofmaxilliped 3 have twice been lost, and that the Thomassinia-Crosniera-Mictaxius group ofgenera are most closely related to the Callianassidae. Inthe continuingeffortto bringclarityto species of each described; the genus Tho- the systematics ofthe thalassinidean deca- massinia isexamined, alongwiththe seem- pods, individualgeneraandfamiliesarebe- ingly closely-related Callianassa' minima ' ing examined in detail (e.g., Kensley 1989, and the new genus Mictaxius. Kensley & Heard 1990). Morphological Forcomparativepurposes, material ofthe charactersinparticulararebeingreassessed, Pacific Callianidea typa H. Milne Edwards, inanattempttoestabhshrelationships.With 1837, was examinedfrom BikiniAtoll, Sai- this objective in view, the western Atlantic pan, Guam, andTahiti, aswastheholotype members of the CaUianideidae possessing oi Callianidea lepta Sakai, 1987, from Ja- accessory respiratory filaments ofthe pleo- pan (USNM 231419). pods were examined, but it became appar- Common to all these forms is the pres- entthat several thalassinidean species lack- ence ofshort plumose setae, each seta sited ing these filaments should also be included in a pit-like structire, these pits usually ar- inthisgroup; thereviewwasthusexpanded ranged in tight rows. From hereon referred beyond the western Atlantic. Ofthe group to, for the sake ofbrevity, as 'setal rows,' possessingrespiratoryfilamentsonthepleo- these rows are found on the anterolateral pods, the genus Callianidea is diagnosed, carapace, on the pleural region ofeach ab- a new genus Michelea created to accom- dominal somite, and on the propodi ofper- modateCallianidea vandoverae, twoPacific eopods 2-4 (Fig. 1). Amongst the calliani- species, and two new species. In the group deid genera, the arrangement and siting of lacking pleopodal filaments, the species of these setal rows fall into three patterns, il- the genera Meticonaxius and Marcusiaxius lustrated in Fig. 2. are reviewed or redescribed, and one new Thenumberandpositionofexopods and 494 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON R Fig. 1. SEM micrographs ofMarcusiaxius colpos: A, Setal row from pleuron 2, 350x; B, Setal row from propodusofpereopod 3, 150x; C, Setalrow frompropodusofpereopod 3, 250x. VOLUME NUMBER 104, 3 495 Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation ofthree patterns ofsetal row distribution on carapace and abdomen (above)and propodi ofpereopods 2-4 (below): A, Callianidea (pattern 0); B, Crosniera (pattern 1); C, Marcu- siaxius (pattern 2). 496 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON Table I.—Distributionofexopods, epipods, andgills. Maxillipeds Pereopods 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 A. Callianidealaevicauda — — — — — Exopod 1 1 1 — Epipod —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 — Podobranch — — — Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - Pleurobranch B. Crosniera minima — — — — — Exopod 1 1 1 — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — Podobranch r r r r — — — Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - Pleurobranch C. Marcusiaxiuscolpos — — — — — Exopod 1 1 r — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — Podobranch 1 1 1 1 — — — Arthrobranch - - 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 - Pleurobranch 1 1 1 D. Marcusiaxiuslemoscastroi — — — — — — Exopod 1 1 — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — Podobranch 1 1 1 1 Arthrobranch -— -— 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 -— Pleurobranch 1 1 1 E. Meticonaxiusbouvieri — — — — — Exopod 1 1 r — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — Podobranch — — 1 1 1 1 — Arthrobranch - - 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 - Pleurobranch 1 1 1 F. Meticonaxiuslongispina — — — — — Exopod 1 1 r — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — Podobranch r r r r — — — Arthrobranch - - 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 - Pleurobranch 1 1 1 G. Meticonaxius microps — — — — — Exopod 1 1 r — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — AProtdhorborbarnacnhch -— -— 1 -+1r -21 -21 -21 -2 —- Pleiirobranch H. Meticonaxius monodon — — — — — Exopod 1 1 r — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — Podobranch — — 1 1 1 1 — Arthrobranch — — 1 —+ r —2 2 2 2 — Pleurobranch 1 1 1 , VOLUME 104, NUMBER3 497 Table 1.—Continued. Maxillipeds Pereopods 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 I. Michelealamellosa - - - - - Exopod 1 r 1 — — — — — Epipod —1 —1 —1 — — — — — Podobranch Arthrobranch — — r + r r + r r + r r + r r — - - - - - - — - Pleurobranch J. Micheleapillsburyi — — — — - Exopod 1 r 1 — Epipod —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 — Podobranch — — — Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - — — — — Pleurobranch K. Michelea vandoverae - - - - - Exopod 1 1 1 — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 — Podobranch r r r r — — — Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - — Pleurobranch r L. Mictaxiusthalassicola — — - - - Exopod 1 1 r — Epipod —1 —1 1 1 I 1 —r — Podobranch r r r r — — — Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2 — — — — — — — — Pleurobranch gillsforeachspecies(whereverpossible)are Callianideinae De Man, 1928:30.—Melin, presentedinTable 1. Inthesetables, 'r' im- 1939:4.-Balss, 1957:1582.-de Saint plies rudimentary or reduced. Laurent, 1973:515.—Sakai & Holthuis, Abbreviations: BLM = Bureau of Land 1987:94.—International Commission on Management; MAFLA = Mississippi-Ala- Zoological Nomenclature, 1989:61. bama-Florida BLM Program; MCZ = Mu- — Diagnosis. Gonochoristic. Carapace seum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; RMNH = Rijksmuseum van somewhatcompressed; rostrum shortorre- Natuurlijke Historic, Amsterdam; SAM = duced, lacking spines or teeth, or with few USNM lowteeth; cervicalgroovewelldevelopedto SouthAfricanMuseum,CapeTown; = National Museum of Natural History, obsolete; linea thalassinica complete (i.e., reaching posterior margin ofcarapace), in- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; ZMC = Zoological Museum, University of complete, or lacking; anterior region bear- Copenhagen; ovig. = ovigerous. ing 1 to 4 rowsofspecialized setae and pits. Abdominal pleura, especially of somite 1 In the following systematic section, gen- poorlydeveloped,withorlackinglateralan- era, and specieswithin genera, are arranged terodorsallobeforarticulation-lockingwith alphabetically. posterior carapace; 1 or more rows ofsetal pits present on abdominal somites. Sca- Family Callianideidae Kossmann, 1880 phognathite of maxilla 2 with single elon- Callianideidae Kossmann, 1880:80.—Gur- gate spinulose 'whip' seta reaching poste- ney, 1938:343.-de Saint Laurent, 1979: riorly into branchial chamber (very rarely, 1395.-Poore& Griffin, 1979:221. 2 elongatewhips present). Maxilliped 2, ex- 498 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON opodwelldevelopedorreduced.Maxilliped crest; Rostrum having submarginal 3 pediform, becoming somewhat broad- dense pile ofsetae Marcusiaxius ened in some forms; dentate ischial crest - Maxilliped 3 having dentate ischial present or absent. Pereopod 1, chelipeds crest; Rostrum lackingdense pile of subsimilar and subequal in size, or mark- setae Meticonaxius edly different. Pereopod 2 chelate. Propodi ofpereopods 2, 3, and 4 expanded in some Callianidea H, Milne Edwards, 1837 species, bearing 1 ormore rows ofsetal pits Callianidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837:319.— on lateral surface. Epipods present on pe- Boas, 1880:108, llO.-Bate, 1888:10.- reopods 1-4 in allbut one species. Pleopod Rathbun, 1901:94.-Borradaile, 1903: 1 offemale uniramous, of2 articles. Pleo- 548.-Gurney, 1938:301, 342.-Balss, pod 1 of male uniramous, of 2 articles, 1957:1582.-Melin, 1939:4.-de Saint reaching anteriorly to thoracic stemites. Laurent, 1973:515.—Le Loeuff" & Intes, pPelnedoipxodma2scouflimnaal.ePbleeaorpiondgsr2o-d5-,shraapmeidvaapr-- 1974:23.-Sakai & Holthuis, 1987:93.- Intemational Commission ofZoological iously fringed with filaments or lamellae Nomenclature, 1989:61. (these presumedto have a supplemental re- spiratory function), orbecomingbroad, ex- Type species.—^y monotypy, Calliani- panded and lacking respiratory filaments; dea typa H. Milne Edwards, 1837. appendix interna present, free in most spe- Gender.—Feminine. cies. Uropodal rami lacking transverse su- Diagnosis.—C3Xdip2iCt lacking linea tha- ture, lateral ramus bilobed in one species. lassinica, or with very short anterior linea Telson lacking non-articulating dorsal or thalassinica. Anterolateral carapace with lateral spines. vertical row of setae in postantennal area. Abdominal somite 1 with small anterodor- sal rounded sclerotized articulating plate, Key to the Genera ofCallianideidae separated by non-sclerotized integument fromlargersclerotizedposteriorplate;latter 1. Respiratory filaments present on taperingventrally butwith no free pleuron, pleopods 2 with irregular oblique setal row. Somite 2- - Respiratory filaments lacking on 5 each havingshortrowoffewsetaeinpos- pleopods 3 teroventral angle ofpleuron; somite 6 with 2. Pereopod 1,chelipedsstrikinglydis- 3 poorly defined irregular setal rows. An- similar Callianidea tennular peduncle with article 1 not elon- - Pereopod 1, chelipeds subsimilar gate, article 3 about Vy carapace length. Ar- Michelea ticle4ofantennalpeduncleabout%carapace 3. Linea thalassinica present 4 length. Antennalaciclereducedtotinyscale. - Linea thalassinica absent 6 Lateralepistomebearingclusterofelongate 4. Linea thalassinica reaching poste- setae. Mandibularincisorhaving7 rounded rior margin ofcarapace Mictaxius teeth. Maxilliped 2 with welldeveloped ex- - Lineathalassinicanotreachingpos- opod.MaxiUiped3withdentateischialcrest. terior margin ofcarapace 5 Pereopod 1, chelipeds highly unequal, sim- 5. Maxilliped 3, exopod lacking; Is- ilar in $ and 2. Pereopods 2—4, propodus chium lacking dentate crest with short vertical setal row proximally on Thomassinia lateralsurface. Pleurobranchslacking. Pleo- - Maxilliped 3, exopod present; Is- podal branchial filaments of2 to 4 articles, chium having dentate crest Crosniera borneonmesialandlateralmarginsofboth . . 6. Maxilliped 3 lackingdentate ischial rami. . VOLUME NUMBER 104, 3 499 Callianidea laevicauda Gill, 1859 groove in posterior half, reaching dorsal Figs. 3, 4, Table lA midline. Rostrum barely demarked, low, apically broadly rounded. Linea thalassini- Callianidea laevicauda Gill, 1859:167.— Rathbun, 1901:94.-De Man, 1928:21.- ca very short, extending posteriorly from orbit. Irregular vertical row ofsetal pits in Schmitt, 1924:79; 1935:193, fig. 54; 1936: postantennal-postepistomal region 375.-Rodrigues, 1983:93. Eye with cornea demarked, situated lat- Callianidea laevicauda occidentalis Schmitt, erally at about midlength ofeyestalk, me- 1939:10. diodistal portion ofstalk flattened. Anten- Callianidea Steenstrupii Boas, 1880:108 nular peduncle reaching distal third of [188]. antennalpedunclearticle4, witharticlesin- —USNM Materialexamined. 24663, 9 cl creasing in length distally, none markedly 14.7 mm, Ensenada Honda, Culebra, Puer- elongate. Antennal peduncle with acicle re- to Rico.-USNM 47359, 2 cl 5.9 mm, Ja- duced to tiny rounded plate, article 4 slen- maica.-USNM 57514, 2 cl 8.9 mm, Ca- der, elongate, article 5 slightly more than racas Bay, Curasao, under intertidal halflengthofarticle4. Lateralepistomewith stones.—USNM 57924, ovig. $cl 1 1.0 mm, band of elongate setae reaching anteriorly Needham's Point, Barbados.—USNM almosttodistalendofantennularpeduncle. 67422, 9 cl 5.1 mm, Kralendijk, Bonaire, Mandiblewith incisorhaving 7 bluntteeth, USNM under intertidal stones.— 68713, molarbroadly rounded with few mesial tu- ovig. 9 cl 10.3 mm, 9 cl 11.1 mm. Need- bercles; palp of3 articles, distal article lon- -USNM ham's Point, Barbados. 68722, 9 gest, heavily setose. Remainder ofmouth- cl 11.9 mm, PelicanIs., Barbados.—USNM partsasfigured.Maxilliped 1,endopodwith 122446, ovig. 9 cl 10.2 mm, Grande Bay, slender digitiform distal article. Maxilliped -USNM St. Maarten, intertidal. 221759, 3 2, exopod well developed, with distal seg- cl 6.3 mm, San Salvador Is., Bahamas, in- mentedflagellum. Maxilliped3, meruswith tertidalpool.-USNM221760,9cl8.0mm, lowbluntspinedistallyonposteriormargin. Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, back-reefrubble, 1 Pereopod 1, chelipeds strongly dissimilar; m.-USNM 243465, 3 3 cl 6.6 mm, 7.2 larger cheliped with ischium having serrate mm, 11.3 mm, 3 9 cl 6.0 mm, 8.8 mm, 8.8 posterior margin, merus with 2 or 3 low mm, Caledonia Bay, Atlantic Panama, in- tubercles onposteriormargin, chela robust, tertidal.-USNM 243466, 5 3 cl 5.4 mm, propodal palm twice length offingers, pro- 7.2 mm, 8.5 mm, 9.4 mm, 10.0 mm, 3 9 cl podal carina along posterior margin ob- 5.4 mm, 9.6 mm, 11.5 mm, Smithsonian- scurely crenulate, ridge on mesial face of Bredin Freelance Expedition sta 73-56, En- fixed finger entire, cutting edge with 3 USNM glish Harbour, Antigua.— 243467, rounded proximal tubercles and strong tri- ovig. 9 cl 14.2 mm, 3 9 cl 6.5 mm, 7.7 mm, angular tooth at about midlength; dactylus 14.0 mm, Smithsonian-Bredin Freelance strongly curved, cutting edge with strong Expeditionsta21-56,Baradal,TobagoCays, truncatetubercleproximally,well separated Grenadines, underintertidal rocks.—ZMC, from triangular tooth. Smaller cheliped 3cl 12.3 mm, 5 +, cl 4.2 mm, 8.8 mm, 11.1 slender, ischium and merus unarmed; car- mm, 12.0 mm, 13.2 mm, Tobago, coll. Dr. pus ofsimilar width and about % length of Th. Mortensen Expedition 1914-1916.— propodalpalm, latterabout2V2timeslength ZMC, 9 cl 1 1.4 mm, St. Johns, U.S. Virgin offingers,fixedfingerwithseveraltriangular Islands.—Syntype of Callianidea steen- teeth distally on cutting edge, dactylar cut- strupiiBoas,ZMC, 9cl 10.4 mm, Barbados, ting edge entire. Pereopod 2, cutting edges coll. 1866. ofchela bearing fine spines; propodus with Description. —Carapace with cervical short proximal setal row on lateral surface. 500 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON Pereopod 3 almost subchelate, propodus the species would seem to have been well broad, flattened, about Vs longerthan wide, established before any emergence of the withshortproximalsetalrowonlateralsur- isthmus ofPanama. face, posterodistal angle somewhat pro- Callianideatypadiffersfrom C. laevicau- duced, bearing stout spine. Pereopod 4, dainlackinganysignofalineathalassinica, propoduswith strongposterodistal spine, 2 and in having bifurcating pleopodal acces- short setal rows proximally on lateral sur- sory respiratory filaments that divide up to face; dactylus somewhat twisted. Pereopod threetimes.Thesefeatureswerenotthought 5, dactylus twisted. sufficienttojustify separationinto twogen- Pleopod 1 in female of 2 articles, distal era, even though these two taxa formed a article slender-lanceolate. Pleopod 1 inmale sister group to the Crosniera-Mictaxius- of2articles,distalarticlebroadlytriangular, Thomassinia group ofgenera (see Fig. 25). withsmall mesiallobebearinghooks. Pleo- pod 2 in male with rod-shaped setose ap- Crosniera, new genus pendix masculina and short free appendix interna. Pleopods 2-5 withboth ramibear- Type species.—'Qy present designation, ing marginal slender cylindrical accessory Callianassa minima Rathbun, 1901. respiratory filaments, each filament proxi- G^n^^r.—Feminine. mally of2 articles, more distal filaments of Diagnosis.—CdivapdiCQ with subvertical up to 4 articles. Abdominal somite 6 with setal row anterolaterally; linea thalassinica 1 vertical row and 2 irregular oblique rows not reaching posterior margin ofcarapace; ofsetalpitsposterolaterally, plus short sub- rostrum narrowlytriangularin dorsalview, marginal row near posterolateral angle. just overreaching eyestalks. Abdomen Uropodwithouterramushavingsmallbas- somewhat dorsoventrally compressed. Ab- al spine on dorsal surface, margin setose dominal somite 1 lacking forwardly-direct- with additional row ofsmall golden spines ed lobes; somites 1-5 each with single setal along most oflaterodistal margin; innerra- row;somite6with 3 setalrows. Mandibular mus with longitudinal dorsal ridge bearing incisor toothed. Maxilliped 1, endopod of 2 spinesindistalhalf Telsonshghtlylonger 2 articles. Maxilliped 2, exopodwell devel- than greatest width, posterior margin sub- oped. Maxilliped 3, pediform but articles truncate, setose. showing some broadening; exopod moder- — Remarks. Schmitt (1939) described the ately well developed; dentate ischial crest new subspecies Callianidea laevicauda oc- present. Pereopods lacking setal rows. Pe- cidentalis, from Socorro Island (Pacific reopod 1,chelipedssubsimilar. Pereopod3, Mexico) and the Galapagos Islands. In the propodus broadened. Pleopodal rami rela- description, he noted that the only differ- tively narrow, about 3-4 times longer than C ences from the Atlantic laevicauda were greatest width; rami lacking accessory re- the somewhat more tuberculate lower pro- spiratoryfilaments. Pleopod 2 in male with podalcarina, andthecrenulate mesialridge appendix interna articulating on appendix ofthefixedfingerofthelargerfirstpereopod masculina. Lateral uropodal ramus not bi- chela. Examination of material from the lobed. Galapagos, Lower California, and Pacific Remarks.—T>e Saint Laurent (1979) di- Mexico confirmed Schmitt's observations, agnosed the genus Thomassinia as having but revealed some variation in these char- the exopod ofmaxilliped 3 vestigial or ab- acters. Separation of Pacific and Atlantic sent, and lacking a dentate ischial crest; in forms ofthis species is thus based on very Crosnieraminimatheexopodismoderately thin evidence. Given the wide distribution well developed, as is the dentate crest. The C across the Caribbean and eastern Pacific, rostrum in minima is well developed , VOLUME NUMBER 104, 3 501 Fig. 3. Callianidea laevicauda: A, Carapace in lateral view, scale in mm; B, Anterior carapace, eyes, and bases ofantennulesandantennae; C, Telson and righturopod; D, Pereopod 1, largercheliped; E, Pereopod 1 smallercheliped; F, Pereopod 2; G, Pereopod 3; H, Pereopod4; I, Pereopod 5. compared to that of T. gebioides, where it Whetherthis is an aberration, ora function is practically lacking. The pereopodal epi- of maturity, is unknown, and can only be pods are bifid in T. gebioides (G. Poore, resolved with considerably more male ma- 1990, in litt.), but not in C. minima. (The terial. upper ramus ofthese bifid epipods is prob- Etymology.—The, genus is named for ablytheremnantofapodobranch.)Pleopod Alain Crosnier, ORSTOM scientist at the 1 ofthe male is said to be absent in Tho- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, massinia. Ofseven males ofC. minima ex- Paris, renowned carcinologist and valued amined, only one possessed first pleopods. colleague. 502 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON Fig. 4. Callianidealaevicauda: A, Maxilla2;B, Mandible;C, Mandibularpalp; D, Maxilla 1; E, Maxilliped 1; F, Maxilliped2; G, Maxilliped 3; H, Pleopod 1, male; I, Pleopod 2, male.
The list of books you might like
