An early Mongolian version of the Alexander romance

108 Pages·2016·12.9 MB·English

by  Woodman Cleaves F.

An Early Mongolian Version of The Alexander Romance

reas Woodman Cleaves

Harvard Journal of Asiare Studies, Vol, 22 (Dec . 1959). 1-99.

Stabs URL:
paso ong bch USHER

L820 ECL SAA SEMIVOTTESE UCORSE ML

Harvard douneat if Satre Stdey ix utculy pushed by Harvent-Yeuclivg louie.

‘Your use of ue STOR abies tvs yourasceplence u: SOR" Tern and Coaious of Uke, avaible
bap: sor ansaou ers a) JSTOR Tse aad Ceuions ut Ue ps a arb ae uu as

‘ohbited prior sense. yo ty ol vowulsad wt svv isso oj elple sro eloy, ed you
‘uy use ene te STOR asc nls lor your Peronal aotsouniendel

Plans uate poll eave oo Ue wo, Bubb tl banaue ray be use a
pz? jsex ogous al

cl cony iy pat oa ASTOR Kaawsisva na sul Ha smi omy aus thu app the roar
ne igen eh nen,

{JSTOR ea independent color pol ngacaion doe. od nen poser weal wei
Surly joumul, Hur tors infonutuaseguning ISTOR. plows vont! apport,

apiece
hw ang 1205011 08
AN EARLY MONGOLIAN ¥ERS(ON OF THE,
ALEXANDER ROMANCE,
‘Tassimo ano Axons

Ktewany Woonnres Crnaes

Tanna of Comes
Paecacr
Terremnrmes

Protiminury Temuks

Desesiption af the Teal

Puneluation sud Orthovruply

Material Dipesivion of the et.
‘Nouns ro ama Jyeronrenas
‘Transcauetion ow ame Te
Ine Preis Moxsouscout a.
Thassuanios evens
Nous wy vue TeansLanon ov ame Tax
Busuinizanuy

Prares EVOL alter p.
2 maNeus WOODSIAN cERANIS

ipower Nile Poppe publiabed ino Zatch kee Destrhon Mergen
alle Gefesafh 1070S) 108.108 an ar’ elod Even
fetbcie Finer er Alcanconuge™ It we wat etn the mera
Fentribe'gn ef rom re to hs Bld oF cy Memasineetlane, Le
PRlarur Pays eaifodcon uf Oe eucasnay at eaten Dad,
Slates pope elds? nf Use Fon dagumen'f TD fat? tn Ma
bln seri of a Storie ome Hr am chinnerent a ht
Fumvitaty ie turin. timlain, and aston of ew om Ro
‘aoe of a err Snorcsnce An to ution td act tek 0
Secpiag eat af co rogue 4 solar, Poles Pope hae sepa
IAC in aauaer Star an ut axa Ue aia ni ert
tne a Etronoa secant ont of sng ork, hae neo
UBo det uf este un couparative Utalee vad fsb, Alva
Th sade gublave har Proud ver poate of wl) Mage
Fara fe ampere

"Torr lrr Eke etc ofthe ea thew ete Bebe
se eerarny eter ta Deo om a) yg SL, afer Ie Denar
luugedon af Ue Taslan Goctawatt Us Devs Ableae dor Blew
en OF Ws (el be wool

A.D 1 he oe dls amd «iy fogs i och
san Pes Fab. FT eae We

ew soa ll dnd 27 gt 1451 De Seb ene lia

tere gla ast smc on thee, nek the ee ach age
Mise AoE. Wt inet actus men
48 EARLY MONGOLIAN VERUUS DE HL ALAANDPR ROMANCE. 9,

4 emtdele toy of ona ee Mecgsoe tie the bk oan aed
in tet i a cher a of ep
Ste Riayat wy hae torah we

‘Tag vtec t Une Meio oa i He tile Ui Ba al bine
Yas day ee. ny i save fad Use veny bes

hon the ot flrs Dr. itn Martane fo any tat
jas pier ld’? tape te gle to sore teeing othe wera
Mhoupuhea devusw Gow Tuan al oie for thee Coston
repos tov Ube evans fous Di Htaiaty Toad i
Tle ath ne me ipl gee sas oth Pole Popp ad
Te Gowen Amen Siators He tas fe te dd 2} Dan, 1908
{Gat Peter Pepys communi the exci new Hatt dee
[Ae test sr Miglin orn Uo lesa ar

125) inerramay cing see hata evi Ue Ate Ps
Dna te fee Mag To Tar” see laa nade
Gk hse il tne we aba ali
1a Hs ight ‘eet art kamal acl " Apersean Pepsin
vara Htbnenanx Waunqin Shousesecap opueas taal esas aan:
“Has Carag 9 Vek la Awl Bera of the Catt
Snengooie Repub] Ta nunersx past Seow NO 8, MSU ap

side Gogh ten YAS Prat NEN Pay TST gh
hates “Cusepaane" bie Cnet] 1 th Mow
a te Mactan oe fe" B asicouen Us Tepueceuom Teena
Pasnyenine Ta the eden af Seance othe Gnman Dect ae
4 {HRA SUTE HOODIA CLEAVES

1, the ditngosbod Mongolia, Seodenician Profesor C. Daudinstrn

rerouted (gp. 22)
on ome sal nan wai nan cee gee 90 stat
‘ut ung ua snotgcradSbaga Gurr tug erate Ss Hs yes
‘ate sraaiomeh Ty sgpanc"oypte 2tp eam norap sabia Fe
bheata 38 ipfur ner aoe Lap cry inde ye 90 foe nae
Sap seinap Gace yp teur Ce, Vazene Artea af goe a
Buri vg wowton hed cotias, SUV hyper yea exaan Gere 3
Before aarangr Seroon Tieyp cua tect fcc oe, SV

Ps

sy Yost tap Gyt33 20s 8/280 W0H fi. Ya caaaay emer
iS oi ip San Cg komma eve
Se epute cmaan wo ae

SDN a BE ld ae doce owe SO
eB amas y heat Shah ws
chal vol Gay Ft AG fi at mn ae hl pt

ge Ap yar Yl ypu gute rar Seer mar ag

Ay hring sn thes ock, Leste he so eee oe or
sii tery nd soa, Ep al fing wl" NH oe
ihe Sv nn gi et oe eh
frag ck le Unters to pe henge with busy

Chol fi on tha. St We mest mee ae thee on en
‘Sin On ees UT ok Ty ale gb Hon es
esi 3 Cie began

pl ~cond oP BL wis Oo

on re the XO a etare aBoo 3f
Iruve wer ur ee Oy UetrSsor a hi then tid ha
hoi wie abled souvent tet Gores vor pea al

‘remanent oor eb i a yn yo SE

tat

thee

ng OL ag. Mele Fee MLAS at 0809.1
AN EARLY MONGOLIAN VERSION OF ITE AUIEANDER ROMANCE 5

esate tnd mgsian nd aed ona end wp Wr a8
the urety tr BoE lei, whe ei Ths ww oe che wae
Miele wk tnd bem weber in gue Wer" san hy Bl
Tense war ut sie ty hud nts a Ue ant owt, Thos me ee
crm tes Samet yt ol he se

Te the nets aad Siousts of Ue Moogtn Borin owe [gaausapL
age ha on agree pace egg fo Be 11 ot
‘eget wading wh Banos gage 125 sate Ue Gt oer Lo copes
fins and erie hom to geen which mat nt gp Heabroiel in he

Tar vien of he beau aguas of Ce Let or che bitors of ely
Bungay Meine, evel ave Oot in Bagh Udon woe “tly
deve Ae thy Enlatin bic | ene prorat Ive a © eg of
Sis hoy arm pron tne frm tot Pofesne Poppe,
fay ase ur emo tion ty eneerton a th ear ih
‘She cha teal is Une d U Caet al Bes pte impowttn be
Sy side pene at cope wy ean ak Lt Ul Uo be expated a the
frees lih Tree opp, having Heine» wd asceara
UL inttonsnt isowes in with n ros bang seen rade te
Unive seas vit 1 thar of sneha, ene ek bi or ei
‘kip Ue oudi ur agosentd ia gout sgn teens one d=
tdi of Ue ee be ate oe tv, T Lag ded ely ar
tse fsignst nv snpplemn these pode hy Biswas Buy,
Fan's ola one of he hicks Means ns change fash, ae
‘oely enced) Ee lic, L here appended der Peck Mo
(pce Uy Suit geo Uy Ue eats 9 fe tnt TA ar aie
ae wy Input nll te Ue iu iae of i tw,
in the fo ouensy wig tthe leliaal noch why Presenn Bose at
Fo ia ering oS arbor sy, Ak the sore Uns [fol waa
Uo'ay Uns hed Probone Pompe ra boon ne ene totale te oad
‘ite unquatieaily toad Lave dev sae uf tho mands wok
ca Seve Te topes sd urbe erany et which est wage
spelconthl. hope, tnt, Latte cope Lah a
ESCs wit ove ans temic an ne a cng wade
"live Ie le wasghered gn 73 Torrington 9f ocd see

Ie the “linsusta 25348" eIyETIME SOO ont + Jam norapen
1484 uk the yen cd Asn, nar wth Se Ena pats to en the Dt vet fe
6 FRASCTE WOOOMAN exAvES,

oom cr thie ere ita an nomen fr den edbtnd
ee ce Reseteal Autene Blslant, WHA nto T lime eeespoaded
‘ative Ls sminus pile ner wk he si eat
{Sa sont tthe ert tol eens gl Uno pie
Ey bate racoge npn, ian for Be ingen ttre xP
fe Se ann odige of cata wade thy altaya
fete Urdentnliag of Ue tsk Stull Wan, hinted tae oo

"i rnbing, at he ake acl 1 de wok bt ay ses
dis neni Sor the pertetions ory oe
AN TARIY MONGOLIAN VKESION OF THE ALESANDI RUMLANEE 7

Taanovcerion
Profiminsry Remus
ur Moayoliem vursion of the Alesander Romence, in which
te yuest of immortality scoms to be the prdemingnt theme,
fumeste of four distinet opisdes: <1} the ascent pan Mount
Sunnur, (2) the decent to the Datiom of the cea, (8: the descent
to the land af darkens, aml {$1 the celica Lo te ily uf Misr
Because of tke exvenively drugmeulary ebarveler uf We be
fing of Ue Lest ez of Ue fret epivale bus been Jost. Law
fees, we cam anoke it uit in ite genend lines: Tn wncient tsa,
in the lou! of Queusan iX (ui sien’ im the Gly auned Mise
(Mig)? there Tved a aim need Sulguenat Digan
none, it appears, saya anmcthing about lieing fox two—po>
ably three—thouaand years snd tellz Sulcjamat that be is fa
voted hy Heaven. Selrjamai, thereupon, ascemblen his oye
offices, an reponis tn Gers vial ie has head, stating,
ft seams, that he wiches to Hive (lee thousand years. He sets
fonts sl eects o gomal Eau in whieh Ie eroses & Uwilge with
ty youd nded * ( eompuuious”), but he alune usemeds uso
Mowil Suuur {Sumeru}* whenwe he surveys the whole wold
On the Mount there iw stsup. by whieh, Uying 3 Wo himsell,
Sulquensi descends to make au inquisy of une w his nate. ‘he
goradé (gevnda bird, pen seeing kira descending. tlle hum that
Ihe is foolidh, and makes still other ohservations whieh seem to
‘iseuarie im from his quest of immortality on Meunt Boum,
‘Of the aeeomd epinade, the descent to the battnm of te aca,
mors ean he relate, Recanee the text beoomes inemeasingly com
plete: pan hearing frem Solqaenai that he intrnda to descend
la Te ba gen i the sen, his nagad inp 1p disauade him, warning
Lin of Ue iaaurserable, Cerri ereabutes (bere to be enema,
boul ia the fuew of Lis deteraiaatien tu anole Une descemt, they
express the wish thot he escape all iva, Sulyomnat bis buill-&
fgorahe* big enough ty acournudute fu poses, Fulheraose,
hae nas neta placed outalie the gaveba anf hus inmuaacruble opus
‘evistedlong enough ta streteh a distue of 5.000 nou? Within
the gornba he Toads fond and pmovisious anu, ting w stune faly
4 _Aigicts WOODMAN eEEAVE,

tn the gaeaba, goes inty the sen. At some point—it ix not leur
‘che, bul presumably, the battam of the sea—eomeone engages
him in & conversation, fa the conse af which he haa qonssian
refer to bia ascent upon Manni. Sommar, Lyon being wnpal 69
retum suiitly, he makes (he ascent back Wy Uke surfuee of tbe
2a fa one mon and velates Wy his wage ull Ct be Is eeu
‘within the sea

With the hegianing of the thitd epkode, the Ueal is complete
for several Lines: Sulyarnii mow informs his wiked. noyed, tht
Te will set with Mother Sun vad deneend ty the fund of darkness,
A lhe distius this acw ventune which he proposes, he naamants
ern fo lllow. Setting with the sum, they reach the entzmcs of
Alookuess and, uyon entering, eeouater someone who aay some
Ling tn Sulgamai which, Boewuse of teewae in the text, is bat
partially comprehensible. Sulgomai, after a word to hie adted,
tums hick frum the land of darknows, As he drums nur to the
entrance of daskneas, a person hn docs nat reveal hima given
him a cup full af the water of immortality with the assurance
that, after drinking the water, he will ive for Uhver thensand
sears, Then Silqamat saps anmething 1 Wis mike who reply.
‘with a statement of which Le yssenial elemenl2 have been Tat
Than acing cutie, Sulqamai agsia speaka ip hic ndked, caking
shal hinders them from dining the water and gives it hem
‘The wie, jensen, are en minds soeve wishing Laden,
Ue eater and come being in a yuondary, not knowing whelter Wo
fly vo ue aot, ‘Thereupon, a wise muon tells Sugar Ural be
will weary ul immurulily sad Uaot 1 will uvail him nothing to
cist lune in Che world. ‘Te reminds him that peuple who tallow
dia will be bura au ance aud euachides his cuumsel with wurde
wth ellet that, if Sulcus dovs aul Kear th, tutes, segeet Ling
tu find himself lone va the enol, fe aight say to Kise that,
it he bad not drual: the water, he would net find hizisl€ in aed,
4 cireomuatance, thu he should drink it, These words of wisdom
are hevded by Solgsmat who poors ont the water which falls
upon the leaves of the express trae whic in consequence, is ever
sreen

Tn the fourth and final episode Sulanenal ratte aafe and zownd
| MARL SIONCOMLAN ViaESIOM OF TRG ALEKANDIME HUMANE 9

1a the eily of Misir whence be laud yome fur in quest of inunor-
laliip, Astembliny his neu, be reeouale his eaperienves and les
lem tnt there ne uever been bura w sovereign who has rejoieed
fo much wa he, He thea mivkes hie testamentary ehowge: alter
dhe death. they ure to take him once sround the word, te offer a
‘thousind fine maidens, to Sls thousand natur "of gold with big
pois litte pearls, and gold, to choaee a thowand young and
ford wresilerathlctes, and aitherats, ta aend a thausmnd som
thaae wha ave feealy ce thirty years old In send a thansmd
shite headed ol men, ls aend some persane—perhaps, soldiers—
Dearing spears anf vorts, and i caver his hands 1» be exposed
lin went, AL UsaL yoint, Sone are facia in the text and the
leranis egzential fr a perfeet comprehension af wht follows are
iminsing, ‘The epitede is brunght lo & clase, however, with Su
gpenais dent

‘Buels of nese four vpisoues hus Ss coun terpast in other versions
uf the Togunee, although the themaliv pallens are variable,
tus to versivaa.it appear, inving ll the sigue lbemalie lemons
The diengugement wud iwolution uf the fuller for comparative
ppurpaca is sometimes cxtromely dificult. As alreudy nalienl hy
Professor Poppe," counturpurt of the Hist episude ie found in
‘the Natiedtan v€ wintoria Aleoods! Magni rogie by the Anchi-
preabyter Len, Dr. Friedrich Pfister, Der Alezondersannan doe
‘Avehipeeshytors Zoo, yp. 11-112:

X, Abin eons eneadge loom, nen arr to Hc
feacuoe neque Clone sedeal npr ay ue Subehg pr oe SH
Inceieeretos srt sol quse sonilar Pale

XI Drince veri a momen, e orl sub ee tiga i la Ponda
retina soron et bbb ome tne yas ce ml quiere
‘sch nct fhesiuta aa!) Spem om aici tora vend
RE pdm batwale Vout ef sspears tong re Hsp
rina ar Ht el empl fs abe arvana oR ce
rc ett, Tasha nf tna hen mages nae dea,
Eolas cote alba, eoubiss ovate og aa ot bis prs Vad
ft yen cle even Lalo wa lille tog adoceinge es.

TX. Tore thine mr cme ta 9 tan plate whic he wae 6 tn
sei td ther itor, at thee ea sting hove Ms ch
iC eve Ht ead eg mye a ie fn woh me eel eae