an assessment of leadership training for mission in the anglican church of kenya

458 Pages·2010·13.53 MB·English

by  Rev. Dickson Nkonge

LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR MISSION IN THE
ANGLICAN CHURCH OF KENYA

by

DICKSON NKONGE KAGEMA

Submitted in accordance with the requirements
for the degree of

DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY

in the subject

MISSIOLOGY

at the

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA

PROMOTER: PROF. J.N.K. MUGAMBI
JOINT PROMOTER: PROF. J.NJ. KRITZINGER

NOVEMBER 2008
Student number: 4169-960-2

DECLARATION

I declare that LEADERSHIP TRAINING FOR MISSION IN THE ANGLICAN
CHURCH OF KENYA is my own work and that all sources that I have used or quoted
have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references.

______________________________ _________________________
SIGNATURE DATE
(REV.D.N.KAGEMA)

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Dedicated to my Family Members
for their ceaseless Moral Support and Prayers in the entire process of this study

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………...… x
SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………… xiii
KEY TERMS……………………………………………………………………..… xiv
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS……………………………………….… xv
DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………………………….. xviii
MAP OF AFRICA ……..………………………………………………………… xx
MAP OF ACK DIOCESES……………………………………………………….. xxi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………. 1
1.1 Background Information…………………………………………………………1
1.2 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………… 2
1.3 Justification……………………………………………………………………. 8
1.4 Objectives……………………………………………………………………… 10
1.5 Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………… 11
1.6 Research Methodology………………………………………………………… 15
1.7 Literature Review……………………………………………………………… 19
1.8 Research Hypotheses…………………………………………………………... 33
1.9 Area and Scope of Study………………………………………………………. 34
1.10 Limitations…………………………………………………………………… 35
Notes……………………………………………………………………………… 38

CHAPTER TWO: A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE ACK………………... 39
2.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………39
2.2 The ACK and the Four-Selves Mission Strategy……………………………….. 39
2.2.1 The Beginning of the Anglican Church in Kenya…………………………….. 40
a. Henry Venn and the Fous-Selves Mission policy…………………………….. 41
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b. A Brief History of the ACK……………………………………………………45
2.3 The Growth of the ACK………………………………………………………… 51
2.3.1 An Assessment of the Growth of the ACK from AD. 1900-2007……………. 51
2.4 Training Needs in the ACK……………………………………………………... 62
2.5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………. 69
Notes………………………………………………………………………………….71

CHAPTER THREE: A SHORT HISTORY OF PASTORAL TRAINING
IN THE ACK………………………………………………. .72
3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 72
3.2 Training in the Early Church………………………………………..................... 72
3.2.1 The Rise of Modern Training for Church Leaders……………………………...74
3.3 A Brief History of the Traininng of Church Leaders in the ACK………………...76
3.3.1 Establishment of a Divinity School in Kenya………………………………….. 77
3.3.2 Divinity School (1900-1929)………………………………………………….... 83
3.3.3 Transfer of Divinity School from Frere Town to Limuru (1930-1963)………. 92
3.3.4 Training of Church Leaders in the ACK in the Post-Independence Era……….120
3.5.5 Emergence of the ACK Bible Colleges……………………………………….. 127
3.4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………… 129
Notes………………………………………………………………………………… 130

CHAPTER FOUR: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRICULUM USED TO
PREPARE CHURCH LEADERS IN THE ACK…………. 133
4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………... 133
4.2 Definition of a Curriculum………………………………………………………. 134
4.3 The Curriculum used in the ACK Provincial Theological Colleges……………... 135
4.3.1 The Development of a Common Curriculum in the ACK
Theological Colleges………………………………………………………….. 135
4.3.2 The Nature of the Curriculum used in the ACK
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Provincial Theological Colleges……………………………………................ 140
4.3.3 The Main Issues Arising from the Curricula used in the ACK Provincial
Theological Colleges………………………………………………………..... 147
4.3.4 The Views of the ACK Christians Concerning the Curriculum used in the ACK
Provincial Theological Colleges……………………………………………… 151
4.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………. 156
Notes………………………………………………………………………………….158

CHAPTER FIVE: AN EVALUATION OF THE ACK PROVINCIAL
THEOLOGICAL COLLEGES…………………………………………………… 159
5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….159
5.2 Towards Provincialization of the ACK Theological Colleges……………………160
5.2.1 Provincialization of the ACK Theological Colleges……………………………162
a. Bishop Nzimbi Commission’s Report on Regionalization of CPK (now ACK)
Thelogical Colleges………………………………………………………...... 164
b. Affiliation of Carlile College as an Assiciate Member of the ACK Provincial
Theological Colleges……………………………………………………….. 169
c. Bishop Githiga Commission of 1999………………………………………… 171
5.3 An evaluation of the six ACK Provincial Theological Colleges………………… 179
5.3.1 A General Survey of the ACK Provincial Theological Colleges………………. 180
5.3.2 The Situation in the ACK Provincial Theological Colleges…………………… 191
5.4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. 205
Notes………………………………………………………………………………….. 207

CHAPTER SIX: THE TRAINING OF LAY CHURCH LEADERS IN THE ACK
THROUGH TEE………………………………………………… 209
6.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 209
6.2 The Ministry of Laity in the ACK Re-discovered……………………………… 210
6.2.1 The Role of Laity in the ACK…………………………………………………. 211
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6.3 Training of Lay Church leaders in the ACK: Importance of TEE……………….. 214
6.6.1 Thelogical Education by Extension…………………………………………….. 217
a. The Origin of TEE……………………………………………………………. 219
b. TEE in the ACK……………………………………………………………… 221
6.4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. 226
Notes…………………………………………………………………………………. 227

CHAPTER SEVEN: CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN THE TRAINING OF
CHURCH LEADERS IN THE ACK……………………... 229
7.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 229
7.2 Challenges Encountered in the Leadership Training for Mission in the ACK….. 230
7.2.1 Few Clergy to serve the rapidly growing Church……………………………… 235
7.2.2 Failure by the ACK to attract well-educated young Kenyans willing to become
Clergy ………………………………………………………………………… 236
7.2.3 The Problem of training and Retaining………………………………………... 239
7.2.4 The Problem of Application…………………………………………………… 242
7.2.5 Financial Challenges…………………………………………………………... 243
7.2.6 Poor Terms of Service for Clergy and Lecturers……………………………… 246
7.2.7 Other Challenges………………………………………………………………. 249
7.3 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………. 256
Notes……………………………………………………………………………….... 257

CHAPTER EIGHT: A THEOLOGICAL REFLECTION: ROLE OF THEOLOGY
IN CHRISTIAN MISSION………………………………... 258
8.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 258
8.2 The Role of Theology in Christian Mission……………………………………… 259
8.2.1 Theology and Mission defined…………………………………………………. 259
a. Theology……………………………………………………………………….. 259
b. Mission………………………………………………………………………… 262
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8.2.2 The Role of Theology in Christian Mission……………………………………. 264
8.3 The call for Leadership Training in the Church…………………………………. 269
8.3.1 Definitionof the terms Church and Leadership……………………………….. 269
a. Church………………………………………………….. ……………………. 269
b. Leadership……………………………………………………………………...271
8.3.2 The Need for Christian Intellectual Leadership……………………………….. 274
8.4 The Biblical foundation for the training of Church Leaders…………………….. 278
8.4.1 Training in the OT period……………………………………………………… 279
8.4.2 Training in the NT………………………………………………………………280
8.5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...288
Notes…………………………………………………………………………………. 289

CHAPTER NINE: THE STRATEGY RESPONSE……………………………… 290
9.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 290
9.2 The Response to the Leadership training Challenges facing the ACK…………... 291
9.3 Implications………………………………………………………………………. 305

CHAPTER TEN: CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………… 312
Notes………………………………………………………………………………….. 313

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………................... 314
1. Archival Sources…………………………………………………………………... 314
2. Books……………………………………………………………………………….315
3. Articles and Journals………………………………………………………………..319
4. Dissertations……………………………………………………………………….. 321
5. Unpublished Seminar Papers, Conference Papers and sermons…………………... 321
6. Reports, Minutes of meetings, Correspondences and Church Publications……….. 322
7. Dictionaries, Magazines and News Papers……………………………………….. 328
8. Interviews forming part of the Empirical Research……………………………….. 328
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APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………. 331
Appendix I- ACK Diocesan Statistical Information Form for the Year
2007……………...................................................................................... 331
Appendix II- Questionnaires…………………………………………………………. 338
a. Questionnaire administered to the ACK Bishops………………………………….. 338
b. Questionnaire administered to the Clergy…………………………………………. 344
c. Questinnaire for Lay Christians……………………………………………………. 349
d. Questionnaire for Lecturers/Tutors in the Theological Colleges………………….. 353
e. Questionnaire administered to College Principals…………………………………. 357
f. Questionnaire for students in the Theological Colleges………………………….. 364
g. Questonnaire for K.A.Y.O members………………………………………………. 368

Appendix III- Information Relevant to this Study…………………………………… 369
Appendix IV- List of Informants……………………………………………………...370
Appendix V- The ACK Terms of Service for clergy and other Church workers……. 381
Appendix VI- Bishop Nzimbi Commission on regionalization of the CPK Bible
Colleges’s Report……………………………………………………. 412
Appendix VII- A sample of an Application Form used in the ACK Provincial
Colleges-A Form used at Carlile College…………………………… 430
Appendix VIII- A Tree Diagram showing the Development of the ACK Dioceses
since 1889…………………………………………………………. 436

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to acknowledge with deep gratitude and sincere appreciation all those who
have contributed in one way or the other towards the completion of this study. Without
their assistance, it could not have been very easy for me to complete it. First, I thank
God for mercy and guidance as I continued with this research. God’s Word always
comforted me when the situation became very difficult. Secondly, special thanks go to
my Promoter Professor J.N.K. Mugambi whose love, patience, kindness, gentleness and
commitment as my mentor enhanced me to go through the most challenging time. His
guidance, constructive criticism and encouragement have made this study a reality. The
many workshops and conferences he invited me to attend in the course of this study
really opened my eyes to understand the Church and society in Africa more clearly. My
interaction with many scholars and their diverse contributions helped me greatly as I
reflected on this study. I also wish to thank my joint-promoter Professor J.N.J.
Kritzinger who also contributed immensely towards the completion of this study. Some
of the suggestions he made were very instrumental in making the final draft of this
study.
My friend Rev.Canon Tony Andrews, the General Secretary of CMS in New
Zealand was able to secure the Research Grant for this work from Henry Williams and
Williams Trust whose Chairperson is Canon Hugh McBain.These two, together with
other members of NZCMS including Caroline McBain and Rev Barbara Walker who
visited me in Kenya in December 2007 and had some time to listen to the main issues
with which this study is concerned, have contributed immensely towards its completion.
I am grateful for their assistance not forgetting to thank Mrs.Kris Furr, the Office
Manager of NZCMS who kept inquiring about my progress and always acted in time
whenever necessary.
I am thankful to the staff at the University of South Africa (UNISA) for the
opportunity to be one of its Doctoral candidates and for the assistance they accorded to
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