An Anglican British world: The Church of England and the expansion of the settler empire, c. 1790–1860 PDF
Preview An Anglican British world: The Church of England and the expansion of the settler empire, c. 1790–1860
AN ANGLICAN BRITISH WORLD The Church of England and the Expansion of the Settler Empire, c. 1790–1860 JOSEPH HARDWICK General editor John M. MacKenzie When the ‘Studies in Imperialism’ series was founded by Professor John M. MacKenzie more than thirty years ago, emphasis was laid upon the conviction that ‘imperialism as a cultural phenomenon had as significant an effect on the dominant as on the subordinate societies’. With well over a hundred titles now published, this remains the prime concern of the series. Cross-disciplinary work has indeed appeared covering the full spectrum of cultural phenomena, as well as examining aspects of gender and sex, frontiers and law, science and the environment, language and literature, migration and patriotic societies, and much else. Moreover, the series has always wished to present comparative work on European and American imperialism, and particularly welcomes the submission of books in these areas. The fascination with imperialism, in all its aspects, shows no sign of abating, and this series will continue to lead the way in encouraging the widest possible range of studies in the field. Studies in Imperialism is fully organic in its development, always seeking to be at the cutting edge, responding to the latest interests of scholars and the needs of this ever- expanding area of scholarship. An Anglican British World SELECTED TITLES AVAILABLE IN THE SERIES MISSIONARIES AND THEIR MEDICINE A Christian modernity for tribal India David Hardiman WELSH MISSIONARIES AND BRITISH IMPERIALISM The Empire of Clouds in north-east India Andrew J. May EMPIRE, MIGRATION AND IDENTITY IN THE BRITISH WORLD Edited by Kent Fedorowich and Andrew S. Thompson WRITING IMPERIAL HISTORIES Edited by Andrew S. Thompson MISSIONARY FAMILIES Race, gender and generation on the spiritual frontier Emily J. Manktelow An Anglican British World The Church of England and the Expansion of the Settler Empire, c. 1790–1860 Joseph Hardwick MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS Manchester Copyright © Joseph Hardwick 2014 The right of Joseph Hardwick to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS ALTRINCHAM STREET, MANCHESTER, M1 7JA, UK www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library cataloguing-in-publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 978 0 7190 8722 6 hardback First published 2014 The publisher has no reponsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset in Trump Medievel by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire For my dad, Charley Hardwick 1946–99 CONTENTS General editor’s introduction — viii Acknowledgements — ix Abbreviations — xi Introduction: The Church of England, migration and the British world — 1 1 The recruitment of colonial clergy, c. 1790–1850 22 2 The making of a colonial laity 65 3 The Colonial Bishoprics’ Fund and the contest over colonial Church reform 99 4 British support for overseas expansion 132 5 Imperial ecclesiastical networks 169 6 The Church, associations and ethnic and loyalist identities 205 Conclusion — 239 Bibliography — 248 Index — 272 [ vii ] GENERAL EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION The Church of England has been studied extensively in its national context. Until recently there was no equivalent body of writing about the Church of England as an imperial institution. This book is one of a small number of studies that are redressing that imbalance. At the beginning of the nineteenth century Anglicanism had a very limited presence overseas. Fifty years later it had spread throughout the settler empire and beyond. How did that come to pass? What part did the Church play in the emigration process? What was the relationship between demographic expansion and spiritual expansion? How different was the Church of England at home to that overseas? Was settler religion a recognisable phenomenon across a British World, or were churches defined by the character of colony to which they belonged? These are some of the questions that Joseph Hardwick addresses in this important study. Anglican churchmen and congregations were key if somewhat neglected agents of global connection. Hardwick offers insights into Anglicanism’s role in the forging of settler identities, showing how religion was a vital part of the colonist experience, how Irish and Scottish traditions were just as influential as English, and how colonial congregations made different demands on their clergy from their metropolitan counterparts. This book will therefore be of interest not only to historians of religion, but to all those who seek to understand the dynamics of settler society and identity in the early and mid-Victorian era. It is a welcome addition to a series that has long situated migration – voluntary and coerced – right at the heart of our understanding of empire. Professor Andrew S. Thompson [ viii ] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First thanks must go to the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the British taxpayer. The AHRC covered the costs of the doctorate on which this book is – very loosely – based. In 2012 the AHRC graciously awarded me an early career fellowship that bought me out of seven months of teaching. A good chunk of the research and writing that went into this book was completed in this period. Northumbria University and the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church of the United States also awarded me smaller grants that allowed me to undertake short research trips in Britain, Ireland and Canada. The AHRC also contributed to a six-week research trip to Sydney back in 2007. I’m grateful that all these funding bodies saw the value of my research project. A great number of individuals have helped me develop my ideas on imperial and Anglican history over the course of the past six years or so. My PhD supervisor, Miles Taylor, first suggested the feasibility and importance of a research project that revisited the Church of England’s relationship with colonial reform politics. All of the following have at some stage given me comments that have fed into this book: Allen Warren, Bill Sheils, Henrice Altink, Don MacRaild, James McConnel, Tanja Bueltmann, Andrew Porter, Arthur Burns, Jeremy Gregory, Gordon Pentland and Joanna de Groot. Special thanks must go to John Powell for meeting with me to discuss Gladstone, empire and colonial Church politics. I would also like to thank Charlotte Alston and Sasha Handley – friends and colleagues – for helping me to focus my ideas by giving me enormously helpful comments on the research proposal that went to the AHRC. Oliver Moss also gave valuable assistance. The anonymous reviews that I’ve received on research and book proposals and from journal article submissions have helped me develop my approach. Elements of the research in this book appeared as ‘Anglican Church expansion and the recruitment of colonial clergy for New South Wales and the Cape Colony, c. 1790–1850’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 37:3 (2009); ‘Vestry politics and the emergence of a reform “public” in Calcutta, c.1813–1836’, Historical Research, 84:223 (2011); and ‘Mid-Victorian periodicals and the colonial Church of England’, Nineteenth-Century Prose, 39:1 (2012). I have also presented aspects of the current work to the Imperial History and Modern Religious History seminars at the Institute of Historical Research: I would like to thank all the individuals who participated in these [ ix ]
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