An anatomically derived method for the anthropometric estimation of human body composition

356 Pages·2006·10.52 MB·English

by  Drinkwater, Donald Thomas

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Bibliothme nationale ' CANADIAN THESES TH~SESC ANADIENNES,
du Canada ON MIC~OFICHE- SUR MICROFICHE
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Donald Thomas Drinkwater
NAME OF AUTHOR/~ODME L'AUTEUR
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An AnatomicaIly Derived Method ’(cid:129) 0; th&'~thropometric
TITLE OF THESIS/T/TRE &LA TH~SE
Estimation of Human Body Composition
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SimonFraser university
UNIVERSITY/UNIVERSIT~ 6 s *
DEGREE FOR WHICH THESIS WAS WESENTW -- - PhD --- -Lp-. -- - - - - - -
GRADE POUR LEOUEL CETTE THESE FUT PR~SENT~.E
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YEAR THIS DEGREEC ONFERRED/ANN$DE'O BTENTION DE CE GRADE
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W.D. Ross, PhD Pfofessor
NAME OF SUPERVISOR/NOM DU DIRECTEUR DE TH~SE
Perrnlsslon IS hereby granted to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF L'autorisation est, par la presente, accoldge B la BIBLIOTH~-
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1 AN ANATOMIGAUY DERIVED METHOD
FOR THE ANTHROPOMETRIC ESTIMATIONO F
HUMAN BODY COMPOSITION
:
Donald Thomas Drinkwater
B. SC. (~ines()~ ons). , Simon Fkaser University,
THESIS SUBMI?TED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR WE DEGREE OF
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in the Department
Kinesiology
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Donald Thomas ~rinkwker
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
Jply 1984 ..
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A l l rights reservec?. This
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reproduced in whole or in part,-by
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APP OVAL
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U , NAME: ' ~onaldT homas Drinkwater , .
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DEGREE : - Doctor . o, f Philosophy
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TITLE OF THESIS: An Anatomically ~lerived ~ethodf or
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the Anthropopetric Estimation of Human
~ o d y~ om~ositio.L 1 I
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EXAMIN I'NfG~C OMMI3I'I TE-E: :I - i , ., ... 8 :,e /
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chairman : Dr. Parveen Bawa .1. . , I . wp :..%.'
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Dr. W.D; Ross
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Dr. A: Davison ,
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Pathology.~ epartment
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University of British Columbia
St. Pauus Hospital
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-St..L u e s Roosevelt Hospital .~enkre
Columb a \University - .
New Yo !
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, PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE -
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I hereby grant to Simon Fraser Unlversfty the right to lend
my thesis, pro^&% or extended essay (the .ti-fle of which is shown below) - '. '
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to users of the Simon Fraser University Llbrary, and to make partial o r .
single copies oal y for such usek or in response to a req~estf rom- th'e ' '
l i brari of any other un lvers l ty, or other educational Institution, 6n . I
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its own behalf or for one of its users. I turther agree that-perrnission
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for multiple copying of this work fo'r scholarly pucposes may be granted
by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. 1.t is understood that copying
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or pub l lcat ion of thi s work for f l nanc la i Qa1 n sha l l not be a l lowed
without my written permission.
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T i t l e of ~ h eis s/ project/~xtended Essay
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An Anatomically Derived Method for the Anthropo$etric- Estimation
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of Human Bodv
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Author: -
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D.T. Drinkwater
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ABSTRACT
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The in vivo assesgment of human body composition has been a :
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-persistent challenge i n human biology s-ince the proposition of weight and
height ratios nea-150 years ago. of the many methods developed for
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estimating human body composition none has been subjected t o direct
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anatomic3 1 validation. ~ccordingly, ,twenty-f ive cadavers, -aged 55-94 . -
years (12 male, 13 female) were extensively measured then disaectedat the
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Vri je ~niveriiteit'~ r ; $ ~( 1l97 9-18%~ under the leadership of Prof. J.P.
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Clarys, From tbe'.$ata obtained, the class+cal anthr"opometric method of '
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-- Matiegka and the c ~ n t e ~ p o r a r y p t h o dofs Behnke, von Dobeln, Drinkwater 'c
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and Ross were evaluated. As well, B ne; model was developed (cid:129)’or the ,
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- e o = * anthropometric estimation of the.ieights of skin, adippse 't. issue, ' '
skeletal musc&:: bone and organs viscera, (residual tissues). ~ h h
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model, based on a '$eometric analogue of the hdan ,bof y , defines the
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relationship between anthropometric measures and tissue components usi_ag ia I
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series of "shape" coefficients, Two alternate regression~basedm odels
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were al'so developed using the same data.
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, The new models were then applied to anrhropometric dat.a of 215 male h
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and 176 female university stude.&s, 469 boys and 441 girls aghd 6-18 ,
pears, 309 Ale and 148 female Olympk athlete; and 66 intirnatidnal class .
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r body..buiUers. Thec geometric model was sh;wn t o be superior to the other
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models with the sum of eskimated regkonal tissues weights accour&g for .
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total body weight within 5% across all samples irrespective of morphology.
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This thesis is dedicated to A.R; Behnke Jr., M.D., the "fathert' of
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modern human body compositioi studies, whose ;ontributidns t o the field ,df
science jnd 'human 6idldgy0are innumerable -an$ whose support and
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I ' inspiration t o countless generations of physiologists can never be
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calculated. His insights on the anthropohef ric estimation of human 'bodye '
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composition providd-the impetus fo,r this Pnvestigation. .He once stated,
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''We have all the techiques, where are bhe facts?". I hope that t is
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skudp answers, i n part, his qu&tion.
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Cb-investigators i n -:he ~rus&s CadaJer Analysis Study: I
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Professor Dr. J.P. Clarys' -
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Instituut voor ~ o rofld g*? V r ij e ~niversiteitB rugsel, Belgium
A.D. Martin
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Department of Kinesiology, Simon' Fraser Uhiversity, Canada
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with the collaboration of: .
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Prof ess%r Dr W.D. .Ross
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Department of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser university, &n<da 1
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Fellow participants: - - * C,
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Dissecti'on team i
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Instituut voor ~ o r f o l o ~ i eE.:. van ~Abeek,:C . &moart&l, R. Stein, ,
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F. .van-Bont , M. Pauwels, L. Hens
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Medical students: T. Signorelli, P. De Ridder,, H.d. Verbruggen+, :
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8. Rubbens,. E-. v1a. n ken, V. van ~elthovefi ,, -. 1 e-- 5: :
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Dept ~otdrische~ evalidatieen Rinesitherapie A .' L,anpo F. ~ o s s e ~ d *
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off ice staff and administration, Initi.It quI t voor okogie: Arras, - -.
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. B. Pion . , . - -. 1
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~edicklp ersonnel, Dept Radiologie, .~ ~ademZicie k@a(ls : ,
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The author is indebted not on17 to,hig co-investigators and the
members of the reasearch team who dlf,ectli assisted in this study,but also
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. to prof. Dr. Roels (Instituut voor ~orfblogier, Prof; Dr. Leduc (Dept.
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Motorishche. Revalidatie en Kinesitherapie) , pi& Dr. d,e ~ e u t a('b pt. - "'. '1
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Medische Microb'iplogie) , Dr. R.' ~ o t v l e i ~ h.(Dee pt, Radiologie, A.Z. ) who * '
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kindly lent members of &ii-staff; to prof: Dr. hlnard and E. Godefroid
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I'L ' (Instituut d-'Anatomie, U.L.B)'for.p- roviding pa2t of th'e cpdaver ', 9 ,I >
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\er special notes of. &h are ettended to N. Arras, for * ' '
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devotion to the project and -for herdany t e c hj c'al., secretarial and
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organizational skills And to A, &rg'mans ; 'medical photogri?pher, for his 2
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# technical assistI ance, 3 .
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To Prof Dr. W.D. ROSS, Department of ~inesiolog;, Simon
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University mentor, -=olle&pe, and friend for 'his enthusiasm,
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:: -inspiration,, supporf and absoluf e be1l"ef in me, my. abilities aqd the -
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importance -d(cid:129)’ this' work, 1 'extend. my sincerest gratitude. . . .
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, , To$r.. M.A'. van't Hof, Department o.f S- tatisticalC Consultation, h
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, . University '-of N ij mdggn, ?he .Net&rl&dsj I irould like' tb expregs my
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I appreciation foi! a practical~app~oactho data analysis add ~tatistical
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. . methods. His sipiort and friendship and that of his family - iw
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reknbered. I should ., &81 to4 thank ~ r ~ e s s Po. r v an Elter.e n, *for h i s
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a ,8 graciousness and gener$sit1y in ailbwing ole to work i n his depaktme~t..' To
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my other Dut,ch colleagues and acquaihtances, my .meetings and discussions
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. with them ha* provided ae .with a &th of exp4rience~a nd. t i.d eas. I-
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1 .' --. To my Belgian colleagues, friends and acquaintances, my experiences
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from meetirQ, discussing and working with, them can never be quantified.
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Aside from a l l the members of our investigation team, I should like -to
express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. M. Hebblinck for his continuing
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encouragement and support, Prof. Dr. J. Borms, Dr. W. Duquet, H.I.L.O.,
Vf-ij e Uhiversiteit Brussels; and to Prof. Dr. Gaston Beunea and kolleagues -
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at the University of Leuven. Especially acknowledged is the generogity
support and friendship of J.P. Clarys and his wif,e, V. van Velthoven.
,& I should also like to acknowledge the love, patience and assistance
of my wife, Cathie, during the writing of this thesis. Untold thanks are
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due to*my colleages and friends of the Kinanthropometric Research
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Associates, Alan Martin, Richird Ward, Mike arke ell- ones, Rob ieahy, Sue
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Crawford and Kqen Mittleman fo~,theiro ngoing interest and assistance; to
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Dr. Nory Ison, Simon Fraser ComGuting Center for%is statistical advice;
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to Dr. J. Sember, Mkthematics Department, and A. Martin and C. Drinkwater
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for their mathematical advice ; to Cathy MacKenzie, Instructional ~ e d i a
Centre, for her many fene illustrations,; to ~ r s N;.M .G. .~hakthan,a nd A;J.
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Davison, members'of my and to Dr: E.W'B.a nister and
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all those others .in the who have ht;lped me along
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the and finally to brs. A.R. Behnke; K. hgnallea nd M. SFinner and
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those o t . s who so generously gave of their time to review this.
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Grants for support of this work were received'froq'thel'Vrije
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univehit'eit . Br.,, ussel and from the Belgian Ministry of National
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