An Advanced Lifespan Odyssey for Counseling Professionals PDF
Preview An Advanced Lifespan Odyssey for Counseling Professionals
An AdvAnced for LifeSpAn OdySSey cOunSeLing prOfeSSiOnALS 1e Bradley T. Erford Loyola University Maryland Australia Brazil Mexico Singapore United Kingdom United States Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. 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An Advanced Lifespan Odyssey for © 2017 Cengage Learning Counseling Professionals WCN: 02-200-203 Bradley T. Erford ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright Product Director: Jon-David Hague herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form Product Manager: Julie Martinez or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web Content Developer: Stefanie Chase distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval Product Assistant: Stephen Lagos systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 Marketing Manager: Margaux Cameron United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of Content Project Manager: Rita Jaramillo the publisher. 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Find your local representative at www.cengage.com. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Printed in the United States of America Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2015 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This effort is dedicated to The One: the Giver of energy, passion, and understanding ; Who makes life worth living and endeavors worth pursuing and accomplishing ; the Teacher of love and forgiveness. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. BBrriieeff CCoonntteennttss Chapter 1 Important Fundamental principles in Lifespan Development 1 By Katie Sandberg and Bradley T. Erford Chapter 2 theories of human Development: psychosocial, Sociocultural, Multicultural, Biological, and Learning theories 39 By Caroline O’Hara, Lindy K. Parker, and Catherine Y. Chang Chapter 3 theories of human Development: Cognitions, Morality and Faith, and the human experience 59 By Lindy K. Parker, Caroline O’Hara, and Catherine Y. Chang Chapter 4 Genetics, heredity, environment, and prenatal Development 81 By Taryn Richards and Bradley T. Erford Chapter 5 physical and Cognitive Development in the Infancy and toddlerhood Years 113 By Nadine E. Garner and Julia M. Dunn Chapter 6 emotional and Social Development in the Infancy and toddlerhood Years 145 By Nadine E. Garner and Julia M. Dunn Chapter 7 the preschool Years: early Childhood physical and Cognitive Development 175 By Charlotte Daughhetee and Stephen Parker Chapter 8 the preschool Years: early Childhood emotional and Social Development 193 By Stephen Parker and Charlotte Daughhetee Chapter 9 Middle Childhood: physical and Cognitive Development 215 By Stephanie Puleo Chapter 10 Middle Childhood: emotional and Social Development 229 By Stephanie Puleo Chapter 11 the adolescent Years: physical and Cognitive Development 249 By Ann Vernon v Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. vi Brief Contents Chapter 12 the adolescent Years: emotional, Identity, and Social Development 267 By Ann Vernon Chapter 13 Young adulthood: physical and Cognitive Development 289 By Stephanie Crockett Chapter 14 Young adulthood: Social, emotional, and Career Development 311 By Stephanie Crockett Chapter 15 Middle adulthood: physical and Cognitive Development 345 By Robin Lee, Jennifer Jordan, Michelle Stevens, and Andrew Jones Chapter 16 Middle adulthood: Social/emotional, Family, Career, and Spiritual Development 367 By Robin Lee, Jennifer Jordan, Michelle Stevens, and Andrew Jones Chapter 17 Later adulthood and Old age: physical and Cognitive Development 389 By Cecile Yancu, Debbie Newsome, Joseph Wilkerson, and Shannon Mathews Chapter 18 relationships and psychosocial aspects of Later adulthood 423 By Debbie Newsome, Cecile Yancu, Joseph Wilkerson, and Shannon Mathews GLOSSarY 451 reFerenCeS 469 aUthOr InDeX 513 SUBjeCt InDeX 527 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents Preface xv Studying Human Development 27 About the Editor xxi Data Collection Methods 27 About the Authors xxiii Research Designs Most Commonly Used in Human Ancillaries xxvii Development Research 31 Acknowledgments xxix The Ethics of Human Development Research 35 Summary 37 Chapter 1 Important Fundamental Principles Chapter 2 Theories of Human Development: in Lifespan Development 1 Psychosocial, Sociocultural, Multicultural, By Katie Sandberg and Bradley T. Erford Biological, and Learning Theories 39 Important Fundamental Principles in Lifespan By Caroline O’Hara, Lindy K. Parker, and Catherine Y. Chang Development 2 Historical Perspectives 40 Stages of Life 2 Childhood in the Middle Ages 40 The Prenatal Period through Old Age 2 Children in the 18th and 19th Centuries 40 Aging Processes 4 Childhood in the 20th Century 40 The Nature of Development 6 Childhood in the 21st Century 41 Human Development Is Cumulative 6 Psychosocial Theories 41 Human Development Is Variable 7 Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) 41 Human Development Is Cyclical and Repetitive 7 Neo-Freudians 43 Human Development Is Influenced by Cultural Erik Erikson (1902–1994) 44 Differences 7 Jane Loevinger (1918–2008) 44 Human Development Involves Vast Individual Arthur W. Chickering (1887–1974) 45 Differences 8 Sociocultural Theories 45 Human Development Involves Both Stability and Change 8 Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) 45 Murray Bowen (1913–1990) 46 Important Human Development Principles Family Lifecycle Development 46 and Issues 9 Uri Bronfenbrenner (1917–2005) 47 Discontinuous versus Continuous Development 9 Multicultural Theories of Development 47 Predictable and Historical Changes 11 White Racial Identity Development 48 Critical Periods versus Flexibility/Plasticity 12 Black Racial Identity Development 48 Active versus Passive Development 13 Biracial Identity Development 49 Nature versus Nurture 13 Multiple Heritage Identity Development 49 Types of Theory Structures Common in Human Biological Theories of Human Development 50 Development 22 Darwin (1809–1882) 50 Stage Theories 22 Ethological Theory 50 Incremental Theories 23 Attachment Theory 50 Multidimensional Theories 24 Maturation Theory 52 Counseling Perspectives: Normal versus Abnormal Learning Theories 52 Development 24 Behavioralism 52 Framing Situations from a Normal Developmental Social Learning Theory 55 Perspective 24 Psychoanalytic Learning Theory 56 Nosological Systems of Problem Identification Summary 56 and Intervention Selection 25 vii Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. viii Contents Chapter 3 Jean Baker Miller (1927–2006) 78 Theories of Human Development: Harriet Lerner (b. 1944) 79 Cognitions, Morality and Faith, Carol Tavris (b. 1944) 79 and the Human Experience 59 Carol Gilligan (b. 1936) 79 By Lindy K. Parker, Caroline O’Hara, and Catherine Y. Chang Summary 80 Theories of Cognitive and Intellectual Chapter 4 Development 60 Genetics, Heredity, Environment, Piaget’s Stages of Development 60 and Prenatal Development 81 Intelligence, Genetics, and Environment 60 By Taryn Richards and Bradley T. Erford Intelligence and Age 61 Identifying Intelligence 61 Genetics and Heredity 82 Information Processing: Wechsler (1896–1981) 61 The Cell and Its Makeup 82 Multiple Intelligences: Gardner (b. 1943) Genes, Chromosomes, DNA, and Replication 82 and Goleman (b. 1946) 62 Hereditary Disorders 84 William G. Perry, Jr.: Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Twin and Adoption Studies 86 Development in the College Years 62 Genetics and Behavior 87 Robert Kegan: The Constructive-Developmental Genotype and Phenotype 89 Approach 62 Molecular Genetics: The Human Genome Cognitive Behavioral Theories 63 Project 90 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 63 Genetic Counseling 90 Cognitive Therapy: Aaron T. Beck (b. 1921) 63 Reproductive Technologies 92 Choice Theory: William Glasser (1925–2012) 64 Motivations for Parenthood 93 Moral Development 65 Prenatal Development 95 Locke’s Tabula Rasa 65 Detecting Pregnancy 95 Rousseau and Innate Goodness 65 Miscarriage and Abortion 96 The Psychoanalytic, Social Learning, and Behavioral Physical Development 97 Perspectives 65 Factors Affecting the Prenatal Environment 98 Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development 65 Parent Relationships 102 Kohlberg’s (1927–1987) Theory of Moral Development 66 Importance of Prenatal Care 103 Carol Gilligan (b. 1936) 67 Birthing Methods 103 Humanistic Theories of Development 68 Problem Pregnancies 105 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 68 Childbirth 107 Rogers’ Fully Functioning Person 70 Adaptation to the Environment and Physical Bühler’s Developmental Theory 70 Conditions 109 Jahoda’s Positive Mental Health 71 Neonatal Procedures, Tests, and Adaptations 109 Postpartum Depression 110 Character Strengths and Positive Psychology 72 Summary 112 Faith Development 72 Oser’s Religious Judgments 73 Chapter 5 Adult Development Theories 74 Physical and Cognitive Development Gould’s Phases of Adult Life 74 in the Infancy and Toddlerhood Years 113 Levinson’s Seasons of Life 74 By Nadine E. Garner and Julia M. Dunn Havighurst’s Theory of Human Development and Developmental Tasks 75 Welcome to Infancy and Toddlerhood! 114 Vaillant’s Adaptation to Life 76 SECTION I Physical Development 114 Sheehy’s Passages 76 Duvall’s Life Course Transition 77 Body Size, Proportion, and Skeletal Age 114 Peck’s Theory of Adult Development 78 Fat Composition, Muscle Growth, and Teeth 115 Butler’s Life Review 78 Reflexes 116 Developmental Theories (Perspectives) Nutrition and Malnutrition 117 of Womanhood 78 Health Concerns and Vaccinations 119 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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