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%zm&. iiistomal mo. 13, ?aint»iljR.W*far / AN ACCOUNT SA-GO-YE-WAT-HA Red Jacket and his People, — 1750 1830. %« -s^ ft 7" ?NILES HUBBARD, Author of The Life and Times of Major Moses Van Campen. ALBANY, N. Y. : JOEL MUNSELL'S SONS, 82 STATE ST. 1886. DEDICATION. To the Hon. Henry G. Hubbard, of Middietown, Conn. Dear Sir Your name, associated with many : pleasant memories in the past, and in later years with substantial tokens of esteem, is held in grateful recollection and the hope that these pages may ; serve to interest an occasional leisure hour, has led to their being inscribed to you, by your friend and relative. The Author. PREFACE. The "Life and Times of Red Jacket" by Colonel William L. Stone, has been before the public for many years. The industry and ability of the author have made it a work of great value, and his extensive researches have left but little room for anything new to be said, by one coming after him. Yet the fact need not be concealed that many, who were inti- mately acquainted with Red Jacket, were disap- pointed when they came to read his biography. If it had been prepared under the direct influence and superintendence of Thayendanegea, or Brant, it could not have reflected more truly the animus of that distinguished character. Red Jacket in his day was the subject, at different times of much angry feeling, and jealousy. The author has not taken PREFACE. viii pains to embalm it, in these memorials of the great orator of the Senecas. Much that was the subject of criticism during his life, admits of a more charitable construction, and the grave should become the receptacle of all human resentments. The author acknowledges his indebtedness to the labors of Col. Stone, and by an honorable arrange- ment, liberty was obtained for the use made of them, in the following pages. Acknowledgments are due also to others, whose names will appear in the course of this work. Tracy, Cal., April 12M, 1885. - CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. — — Red Jack—et Name—widely known Interest conn—ected with his history His origin— Development of his g—enius Opinion—of Capt. HoratioJones — Customsof his people— Their councils Love of eloquence Distinguished names Eloquence an art — — among them Peculiarity of their language Field opened for his genius. CHAPTER II. — Glance—at the early history ofthe Iroquoi—s Territory they occu- pied Lo—cation of the—different tribe—s Strength of their Con- federacy —Tuscaroras— Traditions Prob—able course of their migrations Senecas Storyoftheir origin Singular romance. CHAPTER III. — — Name R—ed Jacket, how acqui—red Indian name Name con- ferred Sin—gular superstition Red Jacket during the—war ofthe Revolution Neutrality—of the Indians proposed S—ervices Wm. sought by Great—Britain Sketch of Si—r Johnson Red Jacket'—s position Taunt of cow—ardice Testimony of Littl—e Beard Charge made by Brant Red Jacket's indifference — — Anecdote Early love of eloquence Interesting reminiscences. CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. — — Early struggles —Red Jacket's opportu—nity for trial Council at For—t Stanwix Office of Sachem His —opposition to the treaty Exc—itement produced by his speech Part—taken by How Cornplanter His influence in deciding the treaty it affected him. CHAPTER V. — United—Statesclaim to Indian l—ands Conflicting claimsbetwe—en states Mannero—fadjustment Attemptto acquire—by a lease Attempt defeated Lands —acquired by New Yo—rk From On- ondagas,—Oneidas, Cayugas Indian destitution Indications of trouble —Design ofseveri—ng western New York from the rest of the state How defeated Phelps and Gorham purchase. CHAPTER VI. — Union of the western Indians— Hostile influence of the British Indian'departm—ent in Canada Ambitious project of Thayendan- egea or Brant Visits Engla—nd, desiring British aid in t—he event ofwar with—the United States Council at Tioga Point Indian ceremonies —Visit of Cornplanter and others at the seat of government Fresh occasion oftrouble. CHAPTER VII. — — Expedition under Ge—neral Harmar Its failure High expecta- tions o—fthe Indians Colonel—Proctorvisits the Indians at B—uffalo creek Red Jacket's speec—h Indian deputation refus—ed In- terference of the matrons Council at Painted Post Chiefs invited to Philadelphia.