AMSCO AP World History: Modern

834 Pages·2019·32.916 MB·English

by  Perfection Learning

ADVANCED PLACEMENT® EDITION
WORLD HISTORY: ADVANCED PLACEMENT® EDITION
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Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or
Perfection Learning® owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the
production of, and does not endorse, this product.
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT® EDITION
WORLD HISTORY:
MODERN
[1200–PRESENT]
Senior Reviewers
Phil Cox Charles Hart
AP® World History Table Leader AP® World History Exam Table Leader
Broad Run High School Westmont High School
Ashburn, Virginia Westmont, Illinois
David L. Drzonek John Maunu
AP® World History Teacher AP® World History Exam Table Leader
Carl Sandburg High School Cranbrook/Kingswood High School
Orland Park, Illinois Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Writers and Reviewers
Jody Janis Jamie Oleson
AP® European History Teacher AP® World History Teacher
Rogers High School
J. Frank Dobie High School
Spokane, Washington
Houston, Texas
David Brian Lasher James Sabathne
AP® World History Exam Reader AP® World History Teacher and Former
Chair of the AP® U.S. History
Northwest Pennsylvania Collegiate
Test Development Committee
Academy
Hononegah Community High School
Erie, Pennsylvania
Rockton, Illinois
Amie La Porte-Lewis
AP® World History Exam Table Leader Thomas J. Sakole
AP® World History Exam Question and
Holy Innocents’ Episcopal School
Exam Leader
Atlanta, Georgia
Riverside High School
Leesburg, Virginia
Kevin Lewis
AP® World History Exam Table Leader
Clara Webb
Holy Innocents’ Episcopal School
AP® European History Exam Table
Atlanta, Georgia
Leader
Boston Latin School
Boston, Massachusetts
ii
ADVANCED PLACEMENT® EDITION
WORLD HISTORY:
MODERN
[1200–PRESENT]
Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or
Perfection Learning® owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the
production of, and does not endorse, this product.
© 2021 Perfection Learning®
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Printed in the United States of America
Contents
Introduction: Studying Advanced Placement® World History: Modern xviii
Prologue: History before 1200 C.E. xli
Part 1: Human Development to 600 B.C.E xli
Part 2: The Classical Era, c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E. xlv
Part 3: The Postclassical Civilizations, c. 600 C.E. to 1200 C.E. liv
c. 1200 to c. 1450
PERIOD 1:
UNIT I: The Global Tapestry from c. 1200 to c. 1450 1
Topic 1.1: Developments in East Asia 3
Government Developments in the Song Dynasty 3
Economic Developments in Postclassical China 4
Social Structures in China 6
Intellectual and Cultural Developments 7
Religious Diversity in China 8
Comparing Japan, Korea, and Vietnam 9
Japan 9
Korea 10
Vietnam 11
Think as a Historian: Contextualize Historical Developments 14
Topic 1.2: Developments in Dar al-Islam 15
Invasions and Shifts in Trade Routes 15
Cultural and Social Life 16
Free Women in Islam 18
Islamic Rule in Spain 18
Think as a Historian: Identify Historical Concepts, Developments,
and Processes 22
Topic 1.3: Developments in South and Southeast Asia 23
Political Structures in South Asia 23
Religion in South Asia 25
Social Structures in South Asia 26
Cultural Interactions in South Asia 26
Southeast Asia 28
Think as a Historian: Identify Claims 32
v
Topic 1.4: Developments in the Americas 33
The Mississippian Culture 33
Chaco and Mesa Verde 34
The Maya City-States 34
The Aztecs 35
The Inca 37
Continuities and Diversity 39
Think as a Historian: Identify Evidence 42
Topic 1.5: Developments In Africa 43
Political Structures in Inland Africa 43
Political Structures of West and East Africa 45
Social Structures of Sub-Saharan Africa 47
Cultural Life in Sub-Saharan Africa 49
Think as a Historian: Explain the Historical Concept of Continuity 52
Topic 1.6: Developments in Europe 53
Feudalism: Political and Social Systems 53
Political Trends in the Later Middle Ages 54
Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages 56
Christian Crusades 57
Economic and Social Change 58
Renaissance 60
The Origins of Russia 61
Think as a Historian: Identify Historical Developments 64
Topic 1.7: Comparison in the Period from c. 1200 to c. 1450 65
State-Building and New Empires 65
The Role of Religion in State-Building 66
State-Building Through Trade 67
The Impact of Nomadic Peoples 67
Patriarchy and Religion 68
Unit 1 Review 69
Historical Perspectives: Who Developed Guns? 69
Write as a Historian: Checklist for a Long Essay Answer 70
Long Essay Questions 71
Document-Based Question: Achievements of Sub-Saharan Africa 72
UNIT 2: Networks of Exchange from c. 1200 to c. 1450 75
Topic 2.1: The Silk Roads 77
Causes of the Growth of Exchange Networks 77
Effects of the Growth of Exchange Networks 78
Think as a Historian: Identify and Describe Context 84
Topic 2.2: The Mongol Empire and the Modern World 85
The Mongols and Their Surroundings 85
Genghis Khan 86
vi
Mongolian Empire Expands 87
The Long-Term Impact of the Mongolian Invasions 90
Think as a Historian: Identify Connections Between Historical
Developments 94
Topic 2.3: Exchange in the Indian Ocean 95
Causes of Expanded Exchange in the Indian Ocean 95
Effects of Expanded Exchange in the Indian Ocean 97
Think as a Historian: Approaches to Making Historical Connections 102
Topic 2.4: Trans-Saharan Trade Routes 103
Trans-Saharan Trade 103
West African Empire Expansion 105
Think as a Historian: Identify Historical Processes by Asking “How” 110
Topic 2.5: Cultural Consequences of Connectivity 111
Religious, Cultural, and Technological Effects of Interaction 111
Travelers’ Tales 115
Think as a Historian: Sourcing and Situation in Primary Sources 120
Topic 2.6: Environmental Consequences of Connectivity 121
Agricultural Effects of Exchange Networks 121
Spread of Epidemics through Exchange Networks 123
Think as a Historian: Making Connections by Analyzing Causation 126
Topic 2.7: Comparison of Economic Exchange 127
Similarities Among Networks of Exchange 127
Differences Among Networks of Exchange 130
Social Implications of Networks of Exchange 131
Unit 2 Review 134
Historical Perspectives: How Brutal Was Genghis Khan? 134
Write as a Historian: Historical Thinking Skills and Long Essays 135
Long Essay Questions 136
Document-Based Question: Women in Afro-Eurasia Societies 137
c. 1450 to c. 1750
PERIOD 2:
UNIT 3: Land-Based Empires 141
Topic 3.1: European, East Asian, and Gunpowder Empires Expand 143
Europe 143
Russia 144
East Asia 145
Rise of the Islamic Gunpowder Empires 146
The Ottoman Empire 147
The Safavids 148
Mughal India 149
Decline of the Gunpowder Empires 149
vii
Think as a Historian: Explain the Historical Concept of Empire 154
Topic 3.2: Empires: Administrations 155
Centralizing Control in Europe 155
Reigning in Control of the Russian Empire 157
Centralizing Control in the Ottoman Empire 158
Centralizing Control in East and South Asia 159
Legitimizing Power through Religion and Art 160
Financing Empires 162
Think as a Historian: Contextualizing Across Cultures 166
Topic 3.3: Empires: Belief Systems 167
Protestant Reformation 167
The Orthodox Church and Reforms in Russia 169
Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation 170
Wars of Religion 171
Islamic Religious Schisms 172
Scientific Revolution 173
Think as a Historian: Explain Point of View in a Source 176
Topic 3.4: Comparison in Land-Based Empires 177
Military Might 178
Centralized Bureaucracy 179
Striving for Legitimacy 181
Unit 3 Review 182
Historical Perspectives: Why Did the Islamic Gunpowder Empires
Rise and Decline? 182
Write as a Historian: Analyze the Question 183
Long Essay Questions 184
Document-Based Question: Modernization under Peter the Great 185
UNIT 4: Transoceanic Interconnections from c. 1450 to c. 1750 189
Topic 4.1: Technological Innovations 191
Developments of Transoceanic Travel and Trade 191
Classical, Islamic, and Asian Technology 192
Think as a Historian: Identify and Describe a Historical Context 198
Topic 4.2: Exploration: Causes and Events 199
The Role of States in Maritime Exploration 199
Expansion of European Maritime Exploration 200
The Lure of Riches 202
Think as a Historian: Make Connections by Relating Historical
Developments 208
Topic 4.3: Columbian Exchange 209
Diseases and Population Catastrophe 209
viii