Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tchabal Mbabo Mountains, Adamaoua Plateau, Cameroon

2007·1.3 MB·

by  Herrmann, Hans-Werner

© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at
Bonnerzoologische Beiträge Band 55 (2006) Heft 1 Seiten 27-35 Bonn, Januar 2007
Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tchabal Mbabo Mountains,
Adamaoua Plateau, Cameroon
Hans-Werner Herrmann'*, Andreas Schmitz^', Patricia A. Herrmann^' & Wolfgang Böhme^)
')Center for Reproduction ofEndangered Species (C.R.E.S.), San Diego
^'Museum ofNatural Histoi^, Geneva, Switzerland
^'Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon
^'Zoologisches ForschungsmuseumAlexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
Abstract.Tchabal Mbabo isaremote mountain range in Central Cameroon which covers 79,000 ha; onlythree amphi-
bian and no reptile species are listed forthis area. We conducted two expeditions, in 1998 and 2000, to survey the her-
petofauna. We used opportunistic visual encountersurveys and driftfence/pitfall trap arrays forsampling. Our findings
increased the numberofamphibian and reptile species known forthe area to 15 each. We discovered one recently des-
cribednewfrogspecies(Cardioglossaalsco)andfoundanadditional sixspeciesofanuransandonelizardspecieswhich
could notbe assignedto any described species. The deceptive endemism ofamphibians forthis area is remarkable. We
report a range extension of400 km and montane gallery forest as a novel habitat for the skink Lacertaspis chriswildi.
The importanceofthe montane forestson thenorthern slopesaswell asthegallery forestsonthesouthern slopesofthe
mountain range arehighlighted.
Keywords.Amphibia. Reptilia, Tchabal Mbabo Mtns,Adamaoua Plateau, Cameroon, faunistics, conservation.
INTRODUCTION
1.
Although herpetological work in Cameroon has been re-
current during the last halfcentury (Pfrret 1959, 1960,
1961, 1966; Amiet 1971; Böhme 1975; Amiet 1978;
JoGER 1982; Böhme & Schneider 1987; Euskirchen et
al. 1999, 2000; LeBreton 1999; Schmitzetal. 1999,2000;
Herrmann et al. 2000, 2005a, 2005b) large areas remain
unsampled. Suchanarea is theTchabal MbaboMtnrange
on the western border ofthe Adamoua Plateau (Fig. 1).
TheTchabal MbaboMtnsrepresentthe lastsegmentinthe
chain ofmountains known as "Dorsale Camerounaise",
whichextendsnortheasterly fromthe islandofBiokocon-
tinuinginlandwithMt. Cameroon, Mt. K.upe,the Manen-
gouba Mtns, Mt. Lefo and Mt. Oku.
Tchabal Mbabo is a broad horseshoe-shaped mountain
massifwith awest-easternorientation and ahitudes ofup
to2,400m. Below 1,600mthemassifisconnectedtooth-
er mountains. The area above 1,600 m covers 79,000 ha
with 4,900 ha of relict montane forest along the steep
northernslopes(Fig. 2aand2b)adjacenttotherim which
representsthenorthernmostoccurrenceofthisforesttype
in Cameroon Thomas & Thomas 1996). The southern
(
slopes are extensive grasslands with interspersed gallery Fig. 1. LocationoftheTchabalMbaboMtnswithinCameroon.
1
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28 Hans-WernerHerrmann et al.: Amphibians and Reptiles ofTchabal Mbabo
Fig. 2. DifferentTchabal Mbabo habitats: (a) northern slope near Fungoi with patches ofcloud forest(ca. 2,000m elevation), (b)
cloud forest along the rim (ca. 2,000 m elevation), (c) savanna and gallery forest on the southern slopes between Fungoi and Pin-
ku peak (ca. 2,100 m elevation), (d) dry forest along Mayo Selbe (ca. SOO m elevation).
forestsalongcreeks(Fig. 2c).Thegrasslandsaremanaged vation ofcirca2,100m from Februaiy2000to May 200
by Fulani cattle herdsmen and burned every year. Yearly over a period of465 days. Here the temperature ranged
precipitation at the southern base ofthe mountains is ap- from 10.2 to 34.9 °C (x = 16.2 °C) and the relative hu-
proximately 1,700 mm (Thomas & Thomas 1996). The midity ranged from <5 to 100 % (x = 65 %). These data
dry season extends from November to Februai^, precip- indicatethenorthern slopetobeconsiderablywarmerand
itation measures < 50 mm/month; the peak rainy season drier.
extends from .lunetoOctoberwith precipitation upto 300
mm/month. The hottest months are April and May with The presence ofa well developedmontane forestecosys-
average daily temperatures ofup to 30 °C. Annual tem- tem ofthe rare northern type and the geographical isola-
peratures on the plateau average 18 °C with a daily am- tion ofthe area have led to a number ofhypotheses pos-
plitude of 13-15 °C (Thomas & Thomas 1996). tulating undescribedherpetological species, especially in
themontaneforestpatchesoftheTchabal Mbabo(Böhme
We mounted data loggers on tree trunks (two meters & Klaver 1981; Böhme & Schneider 1987).
height) in forests in the vicinity of Fimgoi. at an eleva-
tionofcirca2,100m,which recordedairtemperatureand Jean-Louis Amiet (Nyons, pers. comm. 2003) surveyed
relative humidity at one hour intervals. The climatic da- the areaaroundHamaAoudi inMay 1970andDecember
ta for a gallery forest on the south flank is presented in 1972. In 1978, Amiet lists an undescribed species ofBu-
Figure 3. Duringadatacollectingperiodof906dayscom- fo (B. sp. 2, "espece orophile duTchabal Mbabo") andan
prising February 2000 to July 2002, the temperature undescribedspeciesofPhiynobatvachus(P. sp. 5,"espece
rangedfrom 8.6to 26.7 °C (x= 15.4°C).The relative hu- orophileendémiqueduTchabal Mbabo") inhis"Listepro-
midity ranged from 13 to 100 % (x = 81 %). Data was al- visoire des amphibiens anoures du Cameroun". Thomas
so collected on the north tlank ofthe mountain at an ele- & Thomas (1996) report on a foilhcoming herpetologi-
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Bonnerzoologische Beiträge 55 (2006) 29
Fig. 3. Temperature in °C (a) andrelativehumidity in % (b)overaperiodof30 months inagallery forest inthevicinityofFun-
goi on the south flank ofTchabal Mabao at an elevation ofapproximately 2,100 m.
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30 Hans-WemerHerrmann et al.: Amphibians and Reptiles ofTchabal Mbabo
cal surveybyDwightLawson, whoapparentlyvisitedthe 6. Dodeo, 7°28'03"N, 12°04"10"E, 681 m elevation, sa-
areainAugust 1997(Lawson2000). Inthe literaturevery vanna with Isoherlinia doka, including gallery forests
fewamphibiansandreptileshavebeenreported fromTch- along flat flood plains, often with wetland prairies.
abal Mbabo: Astylostermis rheophilus tchahalensi.sAm\-
et, 1977, Leptopelis nordeqitatorialis Perret, 1966 (in 7. Sanganadje, no coordinate data, 1,000 m elevation, ca.
Böhme & Schneider 1987)and Cwtaphatrema tchabalm- 15 km SSE ofGalim, for landscape and vegetation see
hahoensis Lawson, 2000 (see Lawson 2000). Hunter's Hut.
In Januaiy / Februai7 2000 we (H.-W.H., A.S. & P.A.H.)
surveyedtheheipetofaunaofTchabal Mbabo for 14days. 2.2. Survey methods
This period is at the end ofthe dry season and was cho-
sen by need ofvehicle accessibility. Accordingly, we ex- Opportunistic visual encountersurveys (Crump& Scott
perienced no rain which may have influenced the num- 1994) werethe predominantsurveymethodweused. We
ber ofspecies found. Additionally, in November 1998 a sampled during day and night time. Additionally we in-
two week herpetological sampling expedition was con- stalled three Y-shaped drift fence/pitfall trap arrays with
ducted by two native field assistants at the beginning of 5 m long segments (Corn 1994) in the vicinity ofstudy
the dry season. Here we present a systematic list ofthe site 3 near Fungoi. Two arrays were situated in a gallery
combined findings ofthese two expeditions. forest (southern slope), one close to acreek. Thethirdar-
raywasonasteepslopeinthemontaneforestofthenorth-
em slope ofthe ridge. We worked the drift fences forthe
2. RESULTS full studyperiodoftwoweeks inJanuary/February2000,
with two controls of pit falls every day (morning and
2.1. Survey sites evening), without trapping success.
We surveyed the following localities (vegetation charac-
terization follows Letouzey 1968andThomas&Thomas 2.3. Species account
1996). Altitude was measured with a Global Positioning
System (GPS) unit and verified with a conventional al- Nomenclature inthesubsequentsystematic listofamphib-
timeter. ian and reptile species follows Frost (2002) forainphib-
ians andUetzetal. (2004)forreptiles.Allvoucherspec-
1. Sambolabo, 7°04'94"N, 11°59"06"E, 1,032 m eleva- imens are deposited in the Zoologisches Forschungsmu-
tion, southern slope, Sudano-guincean savanna with seum Alexander Kocnig, Bonn (ZFMK) or in the collec-
Danicllia oliveri and Lopliiru Imiccolata, very degrad- tion ofthe seniorauthor (HWH) in Cameroon. The latter
ed and managed as permanent pasture. specimenswill betransferredtotheherpetologicalcollec-
tion ofthe National Museum ofNatural History, Smith-
2. Mayo Kelele, 7°10"78"N, 12°0r68"E, 1,675 m ele- sonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (USNM).
vation, southern slope, submontanewoodedHyparrhe-
iiia savanna, gallery forests with Syzygium guiñéense. Anura
Bufonidae
3. 5 km NEE ofFungoi, 7°15'H"N, 12°03"58"E, 2,060
mlanedlewviatthionS,poornohcorleisitsoifnsdiocuitihseranndslgoaplel,ermyonftoraenset dgroamsis-- BZLouFcfaoMliKmtay6e:u8l190a4t5kums(IH5Ea.lXolIfo.wS-ea7l.mlXb,IoIl1.a8Ib59o94,8)i.n village, I specimen,
nated by Syzygium guiñéense, ilex luitis and Symplio-
niaglobulifera, noilhem slopewith montaneforestand
scrub.
m
4. Hunter's Hut, 7°18'8r"N, 12°02'83''E, 1,282 ele-
vation, northern slope, savanna with Lophira alata and
Daniella oliveri, gallery forest diverse with many se-
mi-deciduous species.
5. Mayo Selbe (Fig. 2d), 7°21'88"N, 12°02'58"E, 790m
elevation, for landscape and vegetation see Hunter's
Hut.
Fig. 4. Bufo sp. (cf Bufo sp. 2 sensu Amiet, 1978).
1
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Bonnerzoologische Beiträge 55 (2006) 31
Bufo regularis Reuss, 1834 Astylosternus sp. (Fig. 6c and 6d)
Localities: Sambolabo. in village, 2 specimens, ZFMK Locality: Mayo Selbe, in creek in gallery forest, 4 speci-
75630C,24.1.2000),ZFMK 75730(7.11.2000); Dodeo, in mens, ZFMK 75775-8 (2./3.I1.2000).
village, 1 specimen, ZFMK 75631 2.11.2000).
Astylosternus sp. indet.
Bufo sp. (cf. Bufo sp. 2 sensu Amiet 1978) (Fig. 4) Locality: Dodeo, in creek in gallery forest, 15 tadpoles,
Locality: 5 km NEE ofFungoi, in creek in gallery forest ZFMK 75632-42 (5.11.2000).
on southern slope, 1 specimen, ZFMK 75769 (subadult, Leptodactylodon sp.
30.1.2000). Locality: 5 km NEE ofFungoi, in creek in gallery forest
Rgleamnadrsksw:hicThhearesmpeedciiamlelny cpoonsstsreiscsteesd. smooth paratoid on southern slope, 1 juvenile specimen, ZFMK 75703
(4.11.2000).
Arthroleptidae
Arthroleptinae Ranidae
Raninae
Arthroleptis sp. (Fig. 5)
Locality: Hunter's Hut,nearsmall creekin gallei'y forest, Amnirana longipes (Perret, 1960)
1 specimen, ZFMK 75704 (31.1.2000). Locality: Sanganadje, 2 specimens, ZFMK 68946-7
Cardioglossa alsco Herrmann, Hemnann, Schmitz & (15.XI.-7.X11.1998).
Böhme, 2004 (Herrmann et al. 2004) Ptychadena sp.
Locality: 5 km NEE ofFungoi, in creek in galleiy forest Locality: Sanganadje, 1 specimen, ZFMK 68948
ZFMK
on southern slope, 73 specimens, 75713-25, (15.XI.-7.X11.1998).
77677-736 (11 cf, 13 9, 49 subadults, 28.-29.1.2000).
Phrynobatrachus steindachneri Nieden, 1910 (Fig. 7a)
Locality: 5 km NEE ofFungoi, in creek in gallery forest
on southern slope, 8 specimens, ZFMK 75705-12
(28.1.2000).
Phrynobatrachus spp. (Fig. 7b)
Locality: 5 km NEE ofFungoi, in creek in gallery forest
on southern slope, 64 specimens, ZFMK 75643-702,
75726-9 (28.I./4.I1.2000).
Remarks: Juveniletosubadult specimenswith someprob-
ably being P. steindachneri. Others could not be identi-
fied.
Hyperoliidae
Hvperolius riggenbachiNxeden, 1910
Fig. 5. Armthroleptis sp. from small creek on northern slope at Locality: Sanganadje, 8 specimens, ZFMK 68949-56 (5
ca. 1,200 elevation.
cf, 3 9, 15.X1.-7.XI1.1998).
Astylosterninae
Squamata
Asty'losternus Werner, 1898 Gekkonidae
Remarks: All Astylosternus were strongly polymorphic
and difficult to assign to any described taxon. We identi- Hemidactylus brooki Gray, 1845
fied A. rheophilus tchabalensis based on morphology. Locality: Dodeo, I specimen,ZFMK75749(9, 2.11.2000).
Based on a 600 bp long segment ofthe 16S rRNA gene
weidentifiedtwooftheotherpolymorphicAstylosternus
Agamidae
as conspecific with the latter species.
Agama agama (Linnaeus, 1758)
AoLsontcayllsiootsuytt:ehr5enruknsmrshNleEooppEeh,iolfu5sFutnscgphoeaicb,ialmieennncssir,seeAkZmiiFneMtg,aKll1e97i7y577f7or0e-s4t Lcfo,ca2li9t,ies7:.1S1.a2m0b0o0)l;abMoa,y4ospKeecliemleen,s,4ZsFpeMciKme7n5s7,31Z-F34M(K2
75736-39 (2 cf, 2 9, 7.11.2000).
(30.I.-5.II.2000).
Remarks: Our specimens show a remarkable polymor- Agama doriae benuensis Monard, 195
phism and differ from topotypic A. r. rheophilus ofMt Locality: Dodeo, 1 specimen,ZFMK75748 (9,2.11.2000).
Lefo (Fig. 6a and 6b).
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32 Hans-Werner Hfrrmann et al.: Amphibians and Reptiles ofTchabal Mbabo
Chamaeleonidae Remarks: This specimenpersistedonly asphotographand
Chamacleogracilisgracilis Hallowell, 1842 tissuevoucher. We follow Mausfeldetal. (2002)butpre-
Locality: 15 km E of Sambolabo, specimen, ZFMK ferto usethegenusname Trachylepis insteadofEiiprepis
68942 (9, 15.X1.-7.XII.1998). 1 p(esrernostuetBiiau(Deurmé2r0i03l)&. TBhiibsrosnp,ec1i8m3e9)nbruetsehmabslaesbljuuevetnaiillaenTd.
Chamaeleo seuegaleusis Daudin, 1802 showsacleargenetic differentiation fromthe latterspecies
Locality: Dodeo, 2 specimens, ZFMK 73092, 75747 (29, (Mausfeld-Lafdhiyaetal. 2004).Abluetail injuveniles
2.IL2000), Mayo Kelele, 1 specimen, HWH 1214 (9, no is otherwise only known in T. quinquetaeniata (Lichten-
date). stein, 1823)which,however,hasadistinctlystripedbody.
Chamaeleo wiedersheimi wiecleisheinu 'Nieáen, 1910
Localities: Mayo Kelele, 1 specimen, ZFMK 68943 (cT, Varanidae
15.XL-7.XIL1998), 4 specimHenWs,HZFMK 75740-43 (3 , Varaiiiis iiiloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
d1at9,e)7;.51Lk20m00N)E,E4 sopfeFcuinmgeonis,,in galle1ry21f0o-r1es3t(o3nc?s,ou1t9h,enron 6Lo8c9a3l0ity(:15S.aXmLb-o7l.aXbIoL,1919s8p)e.cimen (headandskin),ZFMK
slope, 3 specimens,ZFMK 75744-46(1 c?, 29,25.1.2000).
Scincidae
Boidae
Lacertaspis chriswildi (Böhme & Schmitz, 1996) Python sebae (Gmelin, 1789)
Leomcalsilotpye:,51ksmpeNcEimEeno,fFZuFngMoKi,7i5n7g3a5lle(r2y9.fLo2re0s0t0)o.n south- oLofcaalsiptye:ciMmaeynocaKeulgehlte,by1 vsiplelcagiemres.n (Fig. 9. nodate),head
Trachylepis sp.
Locality: 3 kmNEEofMayoKelele,onpath ingrassland,
1 juvenile specimen (25.L2000, Fig. 8).
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Bonnerzoologische Beiträge 55 (2006) 33
(15.XI.-7.XII.1998); Mayo Kelele, 1 specimen (head),
HWH 1218 (nodate); 5 kmNEEofFungoi, ingalleryfor-
est on southern slope, 1 specimen, ZFMK 75751
(subadult, 2.11.2000).
Elapidae
Dendroaspisjamesonijamesuni (Traill, 843)
1
Locality: Dodeo, 1 specimen, ZFMK 75750 (subadult,
2.11.2000).
Naja nigricoHis Reinhardt, 843
1
Locality: Mayo Kelele, 1 specimen(head),HWH 1219(no
date).
Vipcridae
Fig. 8. Juvenile Trachylepis sp. from Mayo Kelele.
Bitis arietans (Merrem, 1820)
Locality: 10 km E of Sambolabo, 1 specimen (head),
ZFMK 68944 5.XL-7.X11. 998).
(1 1
Causas rhomheatiis (Lichtenstein, 1823)
Locality: Mayo Kelele, 3 specimens(heads), HWH 1215-
17 (no date).
DISCUSSION
3.
Atotal of30herpetological species(onecaecilian, 14anu-
rans, nine lizard and six snake species) are recorded froin
the Tchabal Mbabo Mtns. The number ofrecorded am-
phibian species conesponds with comparable surveys in
Western and Central Africa as listed in Rödi^l & Agyei
Fig. 9. HeadofadultPythonsehae from huntersat Mayo Ke- (2003). However, numbers fromthoroughly surveyedsa-
lele. vanna/forest areas in West Africa suggest ainphibian
species counts ofat least twice ofthose presented here.
Colubridae All species, except Lacertaspis chriswildi, are known as
eithersavannaorfamibush/forestedgespeciesandarenot
Philothamnus angolensis Bocage, 1882
Localities: Sangandje, 11 specimens, ZFMK 68931-41 restricted to forests. Ast\'lostennis, Caniioglossa orLep-
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34 Hans-Werner Herrmann et al.: Amphibians and Reptiles ofTchabal Mbabo
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ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at
Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database
Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature
Zeitschrift/Journal: Bonn zoological Bulletin - früher Bonner Zoologische Beiträge.
Jahr/Year: 2007
Band/Volume: 55
Autor(en)/Author(s): Herrmann Hans-Werner, Schmitz Andreas, Herrmann Patricia A.,
Böhme Wolfgang
Artikel/Article: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tchabal Mbabo Mountains, Adamaoua
Plateau, Cameroon 27-35