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Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 December 2012 Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner, ZFMK with a focus on the collection Philipp Wagner ^ Aaron M. Bauer' & Wolfgang Bohme^ , Department ofBiology, Villanova University, 800LancasterAvenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA. Zoologisches ForschungsmiiseumA. Koenig, Adenaiierallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. 'Corresponding author: E-mail:[email protected]. Abstract. Moritz Wagner (1813-1887) is one ofthe least poorly-known German explorers, geographers and biologists of the 19"' century. Between 1836 and 1860, expeditions led him to Algeria, the Caucasus Region, as well as to North-, Central- and South-America. Beside his important scientific contributions to biology, geography and ethnogra- phy he also collected large numbers ofplant and animal specimens. The collected material is scattered among several European museums and university collections becauseWagneronly obtained apermanentposition afterhis lastvoyage. Prior to this he donated his material to experts, flinding societies or the institutions where he was a student or in whose collections he worked. The present article is a first contribution towards a review oftheherpetological collections made by Moritz Wagner, which includes type material ofseveral amphibians and reptiles. Most specimens were found in the Zoologische StaatssammlungMiinchenandtheGottingencollection,whichisnowhousedattheMuseumKoeniginBonn, but the collections in Berlin, Leiden, Paris and Vienna also hold material collected by Wagner. Key words. MoritzWagner, historic collections, type material. INTRODUCTION Friedrich Johann Carl Moritz Wagner (1813-1887, Fig. ArnoldA. Berthold, Hermann Schlegel, Franz Steindachn- 1) was a German scientist and naturalist, honorary pro- er) who identified the specimens and sometimes added a fessor of ethnology at the Ludwig-Maximilians Univer- chapter to his scientific books (e.g., Schlegel in M. Wag- sity and first curatorofthe Museum ofEthnology (atthis ner 1841). Otherparts ofthe collections were sold to mu- time still named "koniglich ethnographische Sammlung" seums to finance his travels, orwere donated to institutes [= theRoyal Ethnographic Collection]) in Munich. He was where he studied or worked. It was only his last voyage awell-known explorerandmany ofhis books where trans- to South America that was not privately organized, but latedto English, FrenchorevenArmenian (see Fig. 2) dur- ratherftindedbythe Bavarian King Maximilian II. There- ing his lifetime. As a scientisthe worked in different sub- fore, the mainparts ofthe zoological collection ofthis ex- ject areas including geography, botany, zoology, ethnol- pedition were inventoried in the collections ofthe Zool- ogy, geology, politics, andjournalism. Wagner produced ogische Staatssammlung in Munich (e.g., at least 72 fish- notable results in many ofthese fields (Beck 1951, 1953, es, Neumann 2006), but partly later exchanged with oth- 1971; M. Wagner 1861, 1862; P. Wagner 2008). For ex- er institutions (e.g., NMW) or destroyed in the Second ample, he hypothesized the course ofthe Panama Canal World War. Nevertheless, MoritzWagnerhada strongre- decadesbefore it was fonnallyplanned andbuilt (M. Wag- lationship to his brother, RudolfWagner, who was Pro- ner 1861, Beck 1971) and was the discovererofthe west- fessor and Director ofthe Institute ofPhysiology in Got- em source ofthe river Euphrates (Beck 1971 ). As a zo- tingen, where Moritz Wagner studied geology and geog- ologist, he was one ofthe first scientists to work in the raphy. It is, therefore, not surprising that Moritz Wagner field of zoogeography, comparing distribution patterns, donatedmany specimens from his collections fromAlge- most importantly, ofinsects, fishes and mammals, but al- ria and Caucasus tothe Institute ofPhysiologyandtheZo- so ofreptiles. ological Museum at the University ofGottingen. These disciplines are also reflected in Wagner's field collections. During his voyages, he collected large num- bers ofinsects, but only a few vertebrate vouchers, main- 1 Expedition: Algeria (1836-38) ly fishes. Parts ofthese collections were lost during the In the introduction to his book about Algeria Wagner expeditions orduring shipment (seebelow). Moreover, his (1841) mentioned that he visited the NorthAfrican coast collections are not stored in one institution, but were dis- in 1834before his longervoyage toAlgeria two years lat- persedto various important European natural history mu- er. Even though this was a short stay it may be assumed seums (e.g., themuseums ofBerlin, Munich, Paris andVi- that Wagner collected at least insect material, as he also enna). He often donatedhis material to taxonomists (e.g.. studied this group before his first longer expedition. Received: 02.05.2012 Corresponding editor: F. Herder Accepted: 14.11.2012 Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner 217 2 Expedition: Caucasia (1842-44) During this expedition Wagner collected material mainly in the Caucasus region east ofthe Black Sea, today in the modern countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, northwestern Iran, southern Russia, Ukraine (Crimean Peninsula) and Turkey. Like the material from Algeria, parts ofWagner's Caucasian collection were also exam- inedby specialists. The amphibians and reptiles were iden- tifiedbyArnoldAdolph Berthold(see below, andM. Wag- ner 1850). Moritz Wagner donated his collected material to the Zoological Museum ofthe University ofGottingen, but also to the Institute ofPhysiology at the same univer- sity, where hisbrother, RudolfWagner, was directoratthis time. Rudolf mentioned a human skull collected by his brotherwith the collectionnumber 507 from Caucasia (R. Wagner 1852). Moreover, the catalogue of the Zoologi- cal Museum lists vouchers collected by M. Wagner but obtained from the Institute ofPhysiology (see species ac- count). Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned that Wagner collected 29 amphibian and reptile species rep- resenting 18 genera, butBertholdactually listed 30 species in total. However, several taxa (Amphibia: Hyla viridis; Sauria: Lacertastrigata,Lacerta viridis, Ophiops elegans, Angiiisfragilis; Ophidia: Typhlops vermicidaris, Coronel- la collaris. Coluber leopardinus. Coluber sauromates. Vipera berus) are mentioned by Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850), but these are neither found in the catalogue ofthe museum nor in the collection. Therefore, most probably Fig. 1. Moritz Wagner (1813-1887), portrait from Franz Hanfstaengl about 1860. Courtesy of the Stadtmuseum Wagneralso gaveparts ofthis collection to otherinstitutes, Miinchen. or Berthold exchanged these specimens before they were entered in the catalogue. To date it has not been possible Wagner travelled (1836-38) to Algeria during the to locate these missing vouchers. French occupation and war (1830-1847) as member ofa scientific group within theFrench army. Thiswasthe same expedition during which Alphonse Guichenot, a well- 3"'expedition: North- andCentralAmerica (1852-55) and knownherpetologist from the Paris Museum, collectedda- 4 expedition: Central- and South America (1857-60) ta for his herpetological monograph (Guichenot 1850). Between 1852 and 1855 Wagner travelled together with The amphibians andreptiles collectedbyWagnerwere lat- theAustrian Carl Rittervon ScherzerthroughNorthAmer- er identified by Hermann Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841), ica to Central America (e.g. Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa a famous herpetologist ofthe time who was then the as- Rica, El Salvador). Scherzer (Anonymus 1856) reported sistant of Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Director of the to the Austrian Academy ofScience that only a few ver- Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic [today Naturalis] tebrates were collected and donatedtoAustrian institutes inLeiden. As aresult ofSchlegel's involvement manyAl- and private collections. Only a small number ofamphib- gerian specimens are now part ofthe Leiden collection. ians or reptiles have been identified in the Vienna collec- However, Wagner also donated material from Algeria to tion. Furthermore a donation ofmaterial to other specif- the Gottingen collection, as he studied geology and ge- icAustrian collections is not indicated in the publications ography atthisuniversity afterhis return fromAlgeria(see abouttheirtravels (Scherzer& M. Wagner 1857; M. Wag- P. Wagner 2008). The most important herpetological re- ner 1870; M. Wagnerand Scherzer 1854, 1856) and, there- sults ofthisjourneywere a series ofspecimens ofthe then fore, the whereabouts ofothermaterial inAustriaremains poorly-known, Trogonophis wiegmanni (Fig. 3) and the unresolved. The number ofvertebrates collected was ad- descriptionofBufomauritanicusby Schlegel (in M. Wag- ditionally reduced because some material was lost due to ner 1841). inadequate preservation during the expedition. Moreover, some material from CentralAmerica, held in storage pri- or to shipping, was destroyed during an earthquake on April 16" 1854 in San Salvador (see M. Wagner, 1870). Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK 218 Philipp Wagner et al. a'Ivi.r. r.('iiM"i>(Ihi<»-1<ki. V ^ V. v> u " « I' 't' fnajjunu, p-upi-irc.'ubB A- WJ'"!"!!!!! a'CHaI.-I"/!. ir u u ^ II b'l. i. v. n-6- 1S51. "I II 0 u h s Fig. 2. Left: Lake Sewan and MountArarat (above) and an unknown area (below) inArmenia. Figured inthe 1851 publishedAr- menian translation ofReise nach dem Ararat unciclem HochlandArme}uen (Wagner 1848). Right: The title page oftheArmenian edition (above) and handwritten information about the publisher (below). Courtesy ofthe Volkerkundemuseum Miinchen. Therefore, major parts of the third expedition except Moritz Wagner as biogeographer and darwinist , those specimens he shipped before the earthquake, were Besides his relevance as a collector, Moritz Wagner also destroyed. Later, on his fourth expedition (1858/1859), was a well-reputed biologist with a broad knowledge of Wagner travelled alone to Central and northern South many different groups, such as insects, fish andmammals, America and collectedmany insects and fishes (see Neu- but also plants. Continuing from his first contributions, mann 2006), but most probably only a small number of Moritz Wagner studied distribution patterns within differ- amphibians orreptiles. Most ofthese specimens were in- ent groups (e.g., Wagner 1841, mammals, birds, butter- ventoried in the collection oftheZoologische Staatssamm- flies, beetles, and land moUusks). This predates "The Ge- lung in Munich, because thisjourney was funded by the ographical Distribution of Animals" by Alfred Russell Bavarian King, Maximilian II, although later some were Wallace (1876) which is generally recognized as one of exchanged with the museum inVienna ordestroyed in the the early contributions to zoogeography. Therefore, SecondWorld War (nearly the entire ZSM fish collection Moritz Wagnermustbe recognized as one ofthe founders andabouthalfofthe herpetological collection). Neumann ofthis field in biology. Moreover, as he studied distribu- (2006) mentioned that for the fish collected the location tion pattern in detail and firstly described rivers as a ge- "Neu-Granada" was coiTccted by Wagner (1864) into ographic barrierbetween sibling species. Later, he was in- "Panama" to indicate that he exclusively collected in this fluenced by e.g., Leopold von Buch and Alexander von area, which was a province ofNew-Granada until 1903. Humboldt and therefore biogeographywas apart ofnear- ly all ofhis contributions, but rarely he published works Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ®ZFMK Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner 219 exclusively in this field (e.g., Wagner 1866). However, it Albert Boulengerand FranzWernerstudiedthe collection. was the publication of Darwin's epochal work "On the In addition, important collections from South America, Origin ofSpecies" which stimulated MoritzWagnerto de- Australia and Asia were accessioned into the collection velop his "Migrationstheorie" [= theory on the migration during this time. As a result, spaces forpublic exhibitions ofspecies]. Here, he first described allopatric (geograph- and scientific collections became limited and probably ic) speciation, which was later adopted by Ernst Mayr. therefore, some collections were donated to other muse- Even though Wagner (e.g., 1868) initially saw his theory ums (including abird collection to Hannover, the fish col- as a good argumentto support Darwin's work, itwas gen- lection to Hamburg). The herpetology collection was re- erally recognized by others e.g., Haeckel and Weismann vised twice in Gotfingen, in 1968 and 1970, and a third as anti-Darwinian. Moritz Wagner (1868) argued that the time duringthe inventory in Bonn, and several specimens geographic isolation oftwo populations is the most im- must be regarded as lost. Unfortunately, it was not possi- portant requirement for speciation. Darwin, on the other ble to ascertain the reasons of these losses between the hand, at first recognized Wagner's theory, but considered time of the inventories and the transfer to the Museum isolation as a less important factor in speciation; later he Koenig in Bonn, where the collection is stored today. totally ignored it (P. Wagner 2008). It is the aim ofthis paper to suiumarize the herpetologi- cal collections ofMoritz Wagner, with a special focus on Remarks on the herpetological collection ofthe Zoolog- the Gottingen material (now stored in Bonn), but also in- ical Museum at the University ofGottingen in respect to cluding known material fromthe museums in Berlin, Lei- material collected by Moritz Wagner den, Munich and Vienna. Apart from several historically important private collec- tions (which partly became state museums later on), the Zoological Museum ofGottingen is among the oldest in- MATERIAL & METHODS stitutional German natural history museum. Since 1773 it hadbeen a departmentofthe Royal (i.e., KingdomofHan- Species accounts are headed with the current valid name nover) Academic Museum and received its own building ofthe identified species. Infonnation ofspecimenrecords in 1793. The first director and curator ofthe zoological is referenced with "Material" which lists the specimens collection was, from 1776 onwards, the famous Johann with their current collection number, old collection num- Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840) whose work "Hand- bers ifavailable, locality data, collector and, ifgiven, the buch derNaturgeschichte" [= Treatise ofnatural history] collection date. The "Catalogue name" provides the his- established his reputation as one of the founders of the torical museum catalogue number if the specimen was modem discipline of comparative anatomy (see Bohme originally inventoried in a different collection, together & Bischofl^l984). with the species name given in the respective catalogue. After Blumenbach's death Arnold Adolph Berthold Ifa specimen is mentioned inthe literature, the "Citation" (1803-1861) became his successor. His fields ofresearch references the respectivepublication, accompanied by the were especiallybroad, one focusbeingthe first experimen- mentioned species name and locality (ifthe locality is dif- tal studies on hormonal effects. However, ofrelevance for ferent from that given with the specimen or in the muse- the present paper are his taxonomic works about crus- um catalogue). Is there no citation available the section taceans, amphibians and reptiles. In this context, he con- was removed. Other information is provided under "Re- tributed an important section to Moritz Wagner's book marks". "Reise nach Kolchis" [= Travel to Colchis] where he ex- Museum abbreviations used within this publication: NMW amined the material donated by M. Wagner to the Zoo- Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria; , logical Museum inGottingen. Berthold's connection to M. RMNH Naturalis [formerly RijksmuseumvanNatuurlijke , Wagner was most likely due to Wagner's brother Rudolf Historic], Leiden, Netherlands; ZFMK, Zoologisches Wagner, who was Professor and Director ofthe Institute ForschungsmuseumAlexander Koenig, Bonn. Gennany; of Physiology at the University of Gottingen and may ZMB Museum fur Naturkunde [fonnerly Zoologisches , have influenced Moritz to deposit his materials from Museum Berlin], Berlin, Germany; ZMUG, Zoologisches Colchis as well as other voyages in this museum. After Museum der Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany Berthold's death, Wilhelm Moritz Keferstein (1833-1870) [sometimes incorrectly referred to as ZIUG= Zoological was able to continue the herpetological tradition at the Institut ofthe University ofGottingen, which is a differ- Gottingen museum with his work on amphibians from ent collection]; ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung , Costa Rica and Australia. But with his early death the Miinchen, Munich, Germany. phase ofactiveherpetological research ended. Fouryears later, in 1874, the herpetology section improved when E. Ehlersbecame the curatorandherpetologists like George Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK 220 Philipp Wagner et al. List ofextant specimens ofamphibians and reptiles col- seum der Wiener Universitat ein junges, die zoolog. lected by Moritz Wagner Sammlung des Staates in Miinchen zwei groBere Exem- plare, welche alle aus Ecuador stammen (Schmardabezw. Amphibia, Gymnophiona M. Wagner coll.)"] it may be concluded that the Vienna [Caeciliidae] specimen was collected by "Schmarda", while the two Caecilia albiventris (Daudin, 1803) Munich specimens by "M. Wagner". In any case, the col- Material: ZSM 2570/0 from "Ecuador" collected by "M. lector "M. Wagler" menfioned by Haupl et al. (1994) is Wagner". obviously a misspelling, but refers rather to Moritz Wag- (NMW Catalogue name: "'Caecilia albiventris'". nerthanto "Schmarda". This specimen 22862 [for- meriy ZIUW Q43 fide Haupl et al. 1994]) was designat- Amphibia, Caudata ed as the lectotype by Brame & Wake (1962: 173). [Ambystomidae] Ambystoma maculatutn (Shaw, 1802) [Salamandridae] Material: ZSM 1259/0 [5 ex.] from "Wisconsin," USAcol- Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque, 1820) lected by "M. Wagner". Material: ZSM 1241/0 [8 ex.], ZSM 1243/0 [6 ex.] from Catalogue name: ''Ambystoma maculatum". "Wisconsin," USA collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: "Triturus viridescens'". Ambystomajeffersoniamim (Green, 1827) Material: ZSM 1261/0 [8 ex.] from "Wisconsin," USAcol- Ommatotriton ophryticiis (Berthold, 1846) lected by "M. Wagner". Material: ZFMK 27793 [ZMUG 22a] [lectotype] from Catalogue name: ''Ambystomajeffersonianwn\ "Tiflis" [=Tbilisi], Georgia, collected by "M. Wagner" in Remarks: This species does not occur in Wisconsin and 1846. itneeds to be clarified ifit is amisidentification ora wrong Catalogue name: "Triton ophriticus" [sic!] [ZMUG]. locality.. Citation: "Triton ophyticus n. sp.", from „bei Tiflis" [= nearTbilisi], (Berthold 1846); "Triton ophryticus n. sp.", [Proteidae] from „aus Grusien [Georgia] und von den Abhangen des Nectnnis maculosus Rafinesque, 1818 Kaukasus," Berthold in M. Wagner (1850, p. 335). Material: ZFMK27701 [ZMUG 26a] from "NordAmeri- Remarks: Mentioning two specimens, Berthold (in M. ka" [=NorthAmerica, no furtherlocality specified] donat- Wagner 1850) intended to describe"Triton ophryticus"in ZFMK ed by the "Ph[ysiological] I[nsdtute]"; 27702 his checklist ofthe amphibians and reptiles collected by [ZMUG 26c] from "NordAmerika" [=NorthAmerica, no Moritz Wagner. However, the publishing of this book further locality specified] collected in 1853. draggedout and Bertholdpublishedthe descriptionin ad- Catalogue name: "Necturus maculatus " [ZMUG].Re- vance (Berthold 1846) in identical form to the later-pub- marks: There is no collector specified in the ZMUG cat- lishedchapter(inWagner 1850). One ofthe two syntypes aloguebutthe locality is one collected byWagnerin 1853 seems to be lost and therefore ZFMK 27793 was desig- and the donation was via the formerthe Physiological In- nated as the lectotype by Bohme & Bischoff(1984). stitute, where Wagner's brotherwas director. This strong- ly suggests that it was collected by Moritz Wagner. Triturus karelini Strauch, 1870 Material: ZFMK 27779 [ZMUG 16m, ZMUG 18] fi-om [Plethodontidae] "Tiflis" [=Tbilisi], Georgia, collected by "M. Wagner" in Bolitoglossapalmata (Werner, 1897) 1846. NMW Material: 22862 [lectotype] from "Cordillera," Cataloguename: "Triton cristatus" [ZMUG 16m]; "7^ vul- Ecuador collected by "M. Wagler [sic!]." garis' [ZMUG 18]. Catalogue name: "Spelerpespalmatus"'. Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentionedthree Citation: As "Spelerpespalmatiis" by Werner (1897a); as species ofthe genus Triturus: T. ophiyticus, T. taeniatus "Spelerpes palmatus Werner" collected by "M. Wagler and T. nycthemerus. While the first was collected in "Ti- [sic!]" by Haupl et al. (1994). flis", the latter two were collected at the "tiirkisch-pon- Remarks: Werner (1897a) mentioned that the type series tischen Kiiste [southern shore ofthe Black Sea]" and are consists ofthree specimens from Ecuador, two ofwhich therefore not identical with the given locality ofthis spec- NMW are housed at the ZSM, and one in the coUecfion. imens. The firstofthese specieswas describedbyBerthold Moreover, he indicated that the specimens are from dif- (1846, in Wagner 1850) and so that obviously this spec- ferentcollectors ([LudwigKarl]"Schmarda" [Austrianbio- imen was not mentioned by him (Berthold in Wagner geographerand collector, 1819-1908] and "M. Wagner") 1850). and fromthe original source ["(...)besitztdas zoolog. Mu- Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK . . Amphibians and reptiles collected by MoritzWagner 221 Amphibia, Anura [Discoglossidae] [Bufonidael Discoglossuspictuspictus Otth, 1837 Atelopus longirostris (Cope, 1868) Material: ZFMK 27894 [ZMUG 35a] from „Algier," Al- Material: ZSM 1017/0 from "Ecuador" [no further local- geria [no furtherlocality specified] collected by "M. Wag- RMNH ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". ner"; 1955 from "Algeria" [no further locality Catalogue name: ''Atelopus longirostris'". specified] collected by "M. F. Wagner". Catalogue name: "Discoglossuspictus" [ZMUG]. & Atelopus variiis (Lichtenstein von Martens, 1856) Citafion: "Raiiapicta" Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841, part NMW Material: 3875.1-4 [4 ex., syntypes] from "Costa III, 134). Rica" [no furtherlocality specified] collectedby "M. Wag- Remarks: Even though Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) ner". mentioned the genus Discoglossus he did not accept this Catalogue name: "Hylaemorphuspliito". taxonomic assignation of 'modem authors' and still re- Citation: As "Hylaemorphuspluto" by Schmidt (1858), ferred the species to the genus Rana. Savage (1972).' Remarks: According to Savage (1972), these specimens [Hemiphractidae] & are the syntypes ofHylaemorphuspluto Schmidt, 1858. Gastrotheca marsupiata (Dumeril Bibron, 1841) The type locality "Costa Rica" was later restricted to Material: ZSM 1188/0 [4 ex.] from "Pichincha," Ecuador "Cartago, Canton Cartago, Provincia Cartago, Costa Ri- collected by "M. Wagner". ca" by Savage (1974). Catalogue name: "Gastrotheca marsupiata". Bufo mauritanicus Schlegel, 1841 Hemiphractusfasciatus Peters, 1862 Material: ZFMK 27979 [ZMUG 56a] from "Algier," Al- Material: ZSM 36/0 [holotype] from "Catassatal" [sic!] geria [no fUrtherlocality specified] collectedby "M. Wag- ("Pastassa-Thal an der Ostseite derAnden [=Pastaza val- RMNH ner"; 2122 [holotype] from"UmgebungenvonAl- ley on the eastern slope oftheAndes] in Ecuador" accord- gier" [=vicinities ofAlgier] collected by "M.F. Wagner". ing to the description) collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: ''Bufo mauritanicus". Catalogue name: "Ceratohylafasciata". Citation: "Bufo mauritanicus" Schlegel (in M. Wagner Citation: As "Hemiphractusfasciatus''' by Trueb (1974) 1841, part III, 134). and Glaw & Franzen (2006). Remarks: Even though this species was described by Remarks: According to Trueb (1974) the locality is erro- Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) the ZFMK voucher is not neous. atype specimen, because Schlegel clearlymentioneda sin- gle voucher ["Das vorliegende Exemplar wurde in den [Hylidae] Umgebungen vonAlgier gefunden.", page 137 in Wagn- Duellmanohyla uranochroa (Cope, 1875) NMW er 1841] and this holotype is present in the herpetology Material: 6175 from "Costa Rica," [no further lo- collection ofNaturalis in Leiden. However, Schlegel ex- cality specified] collected by "M. Wagner". plicitly mentioned that it was not his intention to descri- Catalogue name: "Hyla uranochroa" be Bufo mauritanicus as a new species ("Wenn wir der in Algerien vorkommenden groBen Krote diesen neuenNa- Hyla meridionalis Boettger, 1874 men beilegen, so geschieht dies nur, um ihre Herkunftan- Material: RMNH 1699 from "Algeria" [no further local- zudeuten, und wir wollen dieselbe keineswegs schon als ity specified] collected by M. Wagner. neueArt angesehen wissen."), but he gave a detailed des- Catalogue name: "Hyla arborea ". cription and diagnosis. Therefore according to the Inter- Citation: As "Hyla arborea" by Schlegel (in M. Wagner national Code ofzoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) 1841, part III, 133). this is avalid description. Schlegel is widely accepted as Remarks: Although Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) men- the sole author, but the entire description is in the plural, tioned several specimens, this is the only known vouch- giving the impression ofmore than one author. This was er and was, at this time, the first record forAlgeria. a common style offormal writing at the time, but the in- tention ofthe usage ofthe Gennan 'wir' cannot be final- Hyla versicolor (LeConte, 1825) ly resolved. Wagner (1841) mentioned that the species is Material: ZSM 1162/0 [3 ex.] from"Wisconsin,"USAcol- commoninthe lowlands ofMetidschaandrarenearBona. lected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: "Hyla versicolor" Dendrobates tinctorius (Cuvier, 1797) Material: ZSM 1012/0 from "CentralAmerika" [=Central [Ranidae] America, no fiirther locality specified] collected by "M. Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) Wagner". NMW Material: 2926 from "Costa Rica" [no further lo- Catalogue name: "Dendrobates tinctorius''. Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ®ZFMK " 222 Philipp Wagner et al. cality specified] collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: ''Cinosternum pennsylvanicum" Catalogue name: "'Ranapipiens ". [ZMUG]. Remarks: This species does not does not occur in Costa Rica and was probably collected during Wagner's North ITestudinidae] America travels. Testudograeca graeca Linnaeus, 1758 RMNH Material: 3234 from "Algeria" [no further local- Pelophylax saharicus (Boulenger, 1913) ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". RMNH Material: 1942 from "Algeria" [no further local- Catalogue name: ''Testudo graeca ". ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". Citation: As "Testudo graeca var. mauritanica" by Catalogue name: ''Rana esciilenta ". Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841, part III, 106). Citation: As "'Rana esciilenta' by Schlegel (in M. Wagn- Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) only mentioned er 1841, part III, 133). T graeca var. mauritanica but obviously the collected se- Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) mentioned sev- ries containedmore than one species (see next species ac- eral specimens, but this is the only known surviving count). Wagner (1841) mentioned that he found this voucher ofthis species from Wagner's travels. species at all localities he visited inAlgeria, and refers to areas with the Mediterranean dwarf Palm (Chamaerops [Strabomantidae] humilis) as typical habitat where the specimens hide un- Pristimantis iinistrigatus (Giinther, 1859) der leaves ofthis palm. Material: ZSM 1052/0 from "SudAmerika" [SouthAmer- ica, no further locality specified] collected by "M. Wag- Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758 ner". Material: ZFMK 73732-733 [ZMUG 2e] from "Algier," Catalogue name: "Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus". [=Algeria, no further locality specified] collected by "M. Wagner", donated by "Phys[iologisches] Inst[itut]". Reptilia, Testudinae Catalogue name: "Testudo ibera" [ZMUG]. [Chelydridae] Citation: As "Testudo graeca var. mauritanica'' by Chelydra rossignoni (Bocourt, 1868) Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841, part III, 106). ZMB Material: 125 from "Mittelamerica" [^Central Remarks: The specimens were donated to the Zoological America, no furtherlocality specified] collectedby "Wag- Museum in Gottingen from the Institute ofPhysiology of ner". the same university. The head ofthe institute at this time Catalogue name: ''Chelydra (Emysaurus) serpentina". was RudolfWagner, the older brother ofMoritz Wagner. M. Wagner thus gave material directly to his brother as well as to the museum and its director, A. Berthold. Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: ZFMK 73776 [ZMUG 29b] from Reptilia, Amphisbaenia [Trogonophiidae] "Nordamer[ika]" [=North America, no further locality Trogonophis wiegmanni Kaup, 1830 specified] collected by "Mor. Wagner" in 1853. RMNH Material: 3584 from "Algeria" [no further local- Catalogue name: ""Cinosternum pennsylvaniciim ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". [ZMUG]. Catalogue name: "Amphisbaena wiegmannii". Remarks: Specimens of the genera Kinosternon and Citation: As "Amphisbaena wiegmannii' by Schlegel (in Chelydra are ofcourse very distinct and specimens were likely mixed up earlier in the Gottingen (ZMUG) collec- M. Wagner 1841, part III, 122, tab. VI). Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) menfioned that tion. Wagnercollected several specimens but to date this is the single known preserved specimen in a reference collec- [Geoemydidae] tion. He gave a very detailed description and figured the Rhinoclemmyspunctularia (Daudin, 1801) ZSM at this dme largest specimen of the series (see Fig. 2). Material: 88/0 from "Centralamerika" [=Central America, no further locality specified] collected by "M. Moritz Wagner (1841) mentioned it as a rare species with a disjunct distribution and even restricted to small areas Wagner". in the habitats. He collected three specimens in March Catalogue name: Nicoriapunctularia. 1837 at "Cap Matifu" ("eight hours" east ofAlgiers) un- der stones and mentioned this locality as the easternmost [Kinosternidae] inAlgeria. In May 1838 he collected a seriesunderstones Kinosternon siibnibrum Lacepede, 1788 Material: ZFMK 73778 [ZMUG 29a] from near Mostaganem and mentioned that this is the sole lo- "Nordamer[ika]" [=North America, no ftirther locality cality in Algeria where the species is common. He de- scribedthehabitat as avegetationless sandy areaandmen- specified] collected by "Mor. Wagner" in 1853. tioned May as mating season. Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner 223 ir .t?Wyrf/ n*ti d/i Fig. 3. The specimen ofTrogonophis wiegmanni Kaup, 1830 figured in the rare atlas volume ofWagner (1841). ®ZFMK Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 . 224 Philipp Wagner et al. Reptilia, Sauria em parts ofthe country, where it is common in Arzew, [Againidae] Mostaganem and Oran, and in inland places (Mascara, Paralaudakia caucasia (Eichwald, 1831) Tlemsan). In the lowlands of Metidscha he found the Material: ZFMK 20840-841 [ZMUG 414c] from "Tiflis" species on shrubs, mainly onoleander{Nerium oleander). [=Tbilissi], Georgia collected by "M. Wagner" in 1846. Catalogue n2m.Q:"'Agama stellio"[ZMUG]. [Corytophanidae] Citation: As ''Stellio caiicasius Eichwald" from "aus Basiliscus basiliscus (Linnaeus, 1758) Grusien [Georgia] und von denAbhangen des Kaukasus Material: ZSM 494/0 from "Mittelamerika" [=Central [andthe mounatin slopes ofthe Caucasus]," by Berthold America, no further locality specified] collected by "M. (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 329). Wagner"; ZSM 495/0 from "Mittelamerika" [=Central Remarks: Surprisingly, Berthold's (in M. Wagner 1850) America, no further locality specified] collected by "M. diagnosis of the voucher was initially right but later ig- Wagner"; ZSM 507/0 from "Panama" [no further locali- ZMUG noredin the catalogue and inventoriedthere asA. ty specified] collected by "M. Wagner". stellio. Berthold (inM. Wagner 1850) also onlymentioned Catalogue name: "Basiliscus mitratus" [ZSM 494/0]; one voucher, whereas there are two specimens with the "Basiliscus americanus" [ZSM 495/0; ZSM 507/0]. same locality in the collection. After 1890 the vouchers were stored in formalin and lost coloration, but Berthold Basiliscus virtatus Wiegmann, 1828 (in M. Wagner 1850) described the relatively freshly pre- Material: ZSM 496/0 [3 ex.] from "Central-Amerika" served specimens as having a ground color ofdirty green [=CentralAmerica, no further locality specified] collect- to yellowwith ayellowvertebral stripe, headgray andbel- ed by "? M. Wagner". ly olive-green. Lateralparts ofthe body withblackmark- Catalogue name: "Basiliscus vittatus". ings. Remarks: Eventhoughthe collectorismentionedas ques- ZSM tionable, the locality is consistent with other mate- Phrynocephaluspersicus De Filippi, 1863 rial collected by M. Wagner. Material: ZFMK26381 [ZMUG 154a] from"Umria", Iran collected by "M. Wagner" in 1846. [Dactyloidae] Catalogue name: ''Phrynocephalus helioscopus'' [ZMUG]. Anolis auratus (Daudin, 1802) Citation: As "Phiynocephalus helioscopiis Kaup" from Material: ZSM 484/0 from "Chiriqui," Panama collected "aus Grusien [Georgia] undvon denAbhangen des Kau- by "M. Wagner"; ZSM 485/0 from "Mittelamerika" [= kasus" by Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 330). Central America, no further locality specified] collected Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned two by "M. Wagner". collected specimens with the remark that the species is Catalogue name: "Norops auratus". very widespread along the coast ofthe Caspian Sea. Anolis carolinensis Voigt, 1832 ZSM ZSM ZSM [Anguidae] Material: 467/0 [2 ex.], 468/0 [5 ex.], Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) 469/0 [14 ex.] from "Louisiana," USA collected by "M. Material: ZFMK 26394 [ZMUG 36d] from "Tiflis" Wagner". [=Tbilissi], Georgia collected by "M. Wagner" in 1846. Catalogue name: "Anolis carolinensis". Catalogue name: "Ophisaitnts apus " [ZMUG]. Citation: As "Pseudopusserpentimis Merrem" from "aus Anolisporcatus Gray, 1840 ZMB Grusien [Georgia] undvon denAbhangendes Kaukasus" Material: 517 [3 ex.] from "Centralam[erca]" [= by Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 331). Central America, no further locality specified] collected Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned two by "Moritz Wagner". vouchers of,Pseudopusserpentinus Men-em'andassigned Catalogue name: "Anolisporcatus ". ajuvenile specimen to ,PseudopusJischeri Menet.\ Remarks: This is a Cuban endemic species andnot found in Central America. However, on their sea passage back [Chamaeleonidae] from Honduras to New York, Wagner and Scherzer trav- Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Linnaeus, 1758) elledviaJamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas andHa- RMNH Material: 2990 from "Algeria" [no further local- vana. Therefore, it seems obvious that the locality men- ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". tioned in the catalogue is incorrect. Catalogue name: "Chamaeleon africanus" Citation: As "Chamaeleo africanus'" by Schlegel (in M. Anolis sagrei Dumeril & Bibron, 1837 NMW Wagner 1841, part IH, 111). Material: 12714 from "Costa Rica" [no further lo- Remarks: Wagner (1841) mentioned that he found the cality specified] collected by "M. Wagner". chameleon only in the vicinities ofAlgiers, in the west- Catalogue name: "Anolis sagrei". Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK Amphibians and reptiles collected by MoritzWagner 225 [Gymnophthalmidae] Citation: None. & Bachia heteropa (Lichtenstein von Martens, 1856) Remarks: This species is not mentioned by Schlegel (in Material: ZMB 52679 [formerly ZMB 1175, paralecto- Wagner 1841), butthe specimen probablyreferto the men- type] from "Palmas de St. Matias" [=San Matias, Antio- tioned "lacerta pardalis Lichtenstein 1823". Especially quia, Colombia? fide Bauer& Giinther 1994] (label on the as Schlegel (in Wagner 1841, page 115) mentioned that jar only reads "Venezuela") collected by "Wagner". he had many problems to identify this species and refer Cataloguename: ''Chalcides heteropus", ''Cophiashetero- to it only because of its uncertain identidy. However, piis". Schlegel (inWagner 1841) also mentioned a series ofspec- Citation:As ''Chalcidesheteropus"by Lichtenstein & von imens collected by Moritz Wagner but the whereabouts Martens (1856). ofother specimens remains unclear. Pholidobolus affinis (Peters, 1863) Darevskiapraticola (Eversmann, 1834) Material: ZSM 644/0/1 [holotype] from "Pichincha," Material: ZFMK 21330 [ZMUG 21fl from "Tiflis" Ecuador, collected by "M. Wagner"; ZSM 644/0/2-5 [3 [=Tbilissi], Georgia collected by "M. Wagner" in 1847. adults, I subadult, ?paratypes], all with the same data as Catalogue name: "lacerta miiralis var. chalybdea" the holotype. [ZMUG]. Catalogue name: ''Ecpleopus affinis (Ptrs.) - aspidolae- Citation: As "lacerta muralis Latr." from "aus Grusien mus Pet.". [Georgia] und von den Abhangen des Kaukasus" by Citation: As ''Ecpleopus affinis" by Peters (1863). Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 331). Remarks: According to Franzen & Glaw (2007) ZSM Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) specified two 644/0/1 agrees with Peters' description ofEcpleopits affi- specimens ofthe species but did not recognize a subspe- nis and is without doubt the holotype. The complete se- cific level. Most probably this is one of the mentioned ries consists of five specimens (see above) and Franzen vouchers. There are onlytwo other"lacertcC species men- & Glaw (2007) recognized these specimens as question- tioned: "lacerta oxycephcda'" (see below) andlacertastri- able paratypes. gata, which are very different from Darevskia. [Hoplocercidae] Mesalina guttulata (Lichtenstein, 1823) RMNH Enyalioides laticeps (Guichenot, 1855) Material: 3436 from "Oran,Algeria" collectedby Material: ZSM 499/0 from "Pastassathal" [=Pastaza val- "M. Wagner". ley], Ecuador collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: "lacerta guttata". Catalogue name: ''Enyalioides laticeps". Citation: As "Lacertaguttulata''''by Schlegel (in M. Wag- ner 1841, part in, 113). Enyalioidespraestabilis (O'Shaughnessy, 1881) Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) mentioned two Material: ZSM 500/0 from "Pastassathal Tal" [=Pastaza specimens collectedbyWagnerwhichwasthe firstrecord valley], Ecuador collected by "M. Wagner". ofthis species forAlgeria. The other specimen could be Catalogue name: ""Enyalioidespraestabilis". the Gottingen specimen, which is apparently lost (see be- low). [Iguanidae] Ctenosaura similis (Gray, 1831) Parvilacertaparva (Boulenger, 1887) Material: NMW 13090 from "Nicoya, Costa Rica" col- Material: ZFMK21229 [ZMUG 21g] from "Urmia," Iran lected by "M. Wagner". collected by "M. Wagner" in 1847. Catalogue name: ''Ctenosaura similis". Catalogue name: "Lacerta muralis'" [ZMUG]. Citation: As "Lacerta muralis Latr." from "aus Grusien Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) [Georgia] und von den Abhangen des Kaukasus" by Material: ZSM 539/0 from "Panama" [no further locali- Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 331). ty specified] collectedby "M. Wagner"; ZSM 541/0 from Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned two "Mittelamerika" [=Central America, no further locality vouchers, butonlyonewas locatedbyus (see alsoremarks specified] collected by "M. Wagner". in Darevskia praticola). However, this species is not Catalogue name: "Iguana tuberculata". known from Lake Urmia today, but occurs in the Ararat region in Armenia which was also visited by Wagner. [Lacertidae] Acanthodactylus savignyi Audouin, 1809 Podarcis tauricus (Pallas, 1814) Material: RMNH 3496 from "Algeria" [no further local- Material: ZFMK 26521 [ZMUG 239a], ZFMK 21225 ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". [ZMUG 21b], ZFMK 26522 [ZMUG 247d] from "Con- Catalogue name: "lacerta savignyi". stantinople" [=Istanbul], Turkey collected by "M. Wag- Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ®ZFMK

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Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 December 2012 Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner, ZFMK with a focus on the collection Philipp Wagner ^ Aaron M. Bauer' & Wolfgang Bohme^ , Department ofBiology, Villanova University, 800LancasterAvenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA. Zoologisches ForschungsmiiseumA. Koenig, Adenaiierallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. 'Corresponding author: E-mail:[email protected]. Abstract. Moritz Wagner (1813-1887) is one ofthe least poorly-known German explorers, geographers and biologists of the 19"' century. Between 1836 and 1860, expeditions led him to Algeria, the Caucasus Region, as well as to North-, Central- and South-America. Beside his important scientific contributions to biology, geography and ethnogra- phy he also collected large numbers ofplant and animal specimens. The collected material is scattered among several European museums and university collections becauseWagneronly obtained apermanentposition afterhis lastvoyage. Prior to this he donated his material to experts, flinding societies or the institutions where he was a student or in whose collections he worked. The present article is a first contribution towards a review oftheherpetological collections made by Moritz Wagner, which includes type material ofseveral amphibians and reptiles. Most specimens were found in the Zoologische StaatssammlungMiinchenandtheGottingencollection,whichisnowhousedattheMuseumKoeniginBonn, but the collections in Berlin, Leiden, Paris and Vienna also hold material collected by Wagner. Key words. MoritzWagner, historic collections, type material. INTRODUCTION Friedrich Johann Carl Moritz Wagner (1813-1887, Fig. ArnoldA. Berthold, Hermann Schlegel, Franz Steindachn- 1) was a German scientist and naturalist, honorary pro- er) who identified the specimens and sometimes added a fessor of ethnology at the Ludwig-Maximilians Univer- chapter to his scientific books (e.g., Schlegel in M. Wag- sity and first curatorofthe Museum ofEthnology (atthis ner 1841). Otherparts ofthe collections were sold to mu- time still named "koniglich ethnographische Sammlung" seums to finance his travels, orwere donated to institutes [= theRoyal Ethnographic Collection]) in Munich. He was where he studied or worked. It was only his last voyage awell-known explorerandmany ofhis books where trans- to South America that was not privately organized, but latedto English, FrenchorevenArmenian (see Fig. 2) dur- ratherftindedbythe Bavarian King Maximilian II. There- ing his lifetime. As a scientisthe worked in different sub- fore, the mainparts ofthe zoological collection ofthis ex- ject areas including geography, botany, zoology, ethnol- pedition were inventoried in the collections ofthe Zool- ogy, geology, politics, andjournalism. Wagner produced ogische Staatssammlung in Munich (e.g., at least 72 fish- notable results in many ofthese fields (Beck 1951, 1953, es, Neumann 2006), but partly later exchanged with oth- 1971; M. Wagner 1861, 1862; P. Wagner 2008). For ex- er institutions (e.g., NMW) or destroyed in the Second ample, he hypothesized the course ofthe Panama Canal World War. Nevertheless, MoritzWagnerhada strongre- decadesbefore it was fonnallyplanned andbuilt (M. Wag- lationship to his brother, RudolfWagner, who was Pro- ner 1861, Beck 1971) and was the discovererofthe west- fessor and Director ofthe Institute ofPhysiology in Got- em source ofthe river Euphrates (Beck 1971 ). As a zo- tingen, where Moritz Wagner studied geology and geog- ologist, he was one ofthe first scientists to work in the raphy. It is, therefore, not surprising that Moritz Wagner field of zoogeography, comparing distribution patterns, donatedmany specimens from his collections fromAlge- most importantly, ofinsects, fishes and mammals, but al- ria and Caucasus tothe Institute ofPhysiologyandtheZo- so ofreptiles. ological Museum at the University ofGottingen. These disciplines are also reflected in Wagner's field collections. During his voyages, he collected large num- bers ofinsects, but only a few vertebrate vouchers, main- 1 Expedition: Algeria (1836-38) ly fishes. Parts ofthese collections were lost during the In the introduction to his book about Algeria Wagner expeditions orduring shipment (seebelow). Moreover, his (1841) mentioned that he visited the NorthAfrican coast collections are not stored in one institution, but were dis- in 1834before his longervoyage toAlgeria two years lat- persedto various important European natural history mu- er. Even though this was a short stay it may be assumed seums (e.g., themuseums ofBerlin, Munich, Paris andVi- that Wagner collected at least insect material, as he also enna). He often donatedhis material to taxonomists (e.g.. studied this group before his first longer expedition. Received: 02.05.2012 Corresponding editor: F. Herder Accepted: 14.11.2012 Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner 217 2 Expedition: Caucasia (1842-44) During this expedition Wagner collected material mainly in the Caucasus region east ofthe Black Sea, today in the modern countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, northwestern Iran, southern Russia, Ukraine (Crimean Peninsula) and Turkey. Like the material from Algeria, parts ofWagner's Caucasian collection were also exam- inedby specialists. The amphibians and reptiles were iden- tifiedbyArnoldAdolph Berthold(see below, andM. Wag- ner 1850). Moritz Wagner donated his collected material to the Zoological Museum ofthe University ofGottingen, but also to the Institute ofPhysiology at the same univer- sity, where hisbrother, RudolfWagner, was directoratthis time. Rudolf mentioned a human skull collected by his brotherwith the collectionnumber 507 from Caucasia (R. Wagner 1852). Moreover, the catalogue of the Zoologi- cal Museum lists vouchers collected by M. Wagner but obtained from the Institute ofPhysiology (see species ac- count). Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned that Wagner collected 29 amphibian and reptile species rep- resenting 18 genera, butBertholdactually listed 30 species in total. However, several taxa (Amphibia: Hyla viridis; Sauria: Lacertastrigata,Lacerta viridis, Ophiops elegans, Angiiisfragilis; Ophidia: Typhlops vermicidaris, Coronel- la collaris. Coluber leopardinus. Coluber sauromates. Vipera berus) are mentioned by Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850), but these are neither found in the catalogue ofthe museum nor in the collection. Therefore, most probably Fig. 1. Moritz Wagner (1813-1887), portrait from Franz Hanfstaengl about 1860. Courtesy of the Stadtmuseum Wagneralso gaveparts ofthis collection to otherinstitutes, Miinchen. or Berthold exchanged these specimens before they were entered in the catalogue. To date it has not been possible Wagner travelled (1836-38) to Algeria during the to locate these missing vouchers. French occupation and war (1830-1847) as member ofa scientific group within theFrench army. Thiswasthe same expedition during which Alphonse Guichenot, a well- 3"'expedition: North- andCentralAmerica (1852-55) and knownherpetologist from the Paris Museum, collectedda- 4 expedition: Central- and South America (1857-60) ta for his herpetological monograph (Guichenot 1850). Between 1852 and 1855 Wagner travelled together with The amphibians andreptiles collectedbyWagnerwere lat- theAustrian Carl Rittervon ScherzerthroughNorthAmer- er identified by Hermann Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841), ica to Central America (e.g. Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa a famous herpetologist ofthe time who was then the as- Rica, El Salvador). Scherzer (Anonymus 1856) reported sistant of Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Director of the to the Austrian Academy ofScience that only a few ver- Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic [today Naturalis] tebrates were collected and donatedtoAustrian institutes inLeiden. As aresult ofSchlegel's involvement manyAl- and private collections. Only a small number ofamphib- gerian specimens are now part ofthe Leiden collection. ians or reptiles have been identified in the Vienna collec- However, Wagner also donated material from Algeria to tion. Furthermore a donation ofmaterial to other specif- the Gottingen collection, as he studied geology and ge- icAustrian collections is not indicated in the publications ography atthisuniversity afterhis return fromAlgeria(see abouttheirtravels (Scherzer& M. Wagner 1857; M. Wag- P. Wagner 2008). The most important herpetological re- ner 1870; M. Wagnerand Scherzer 1854, 1856) and, there- sults ofthisjourneywere a series ofspecimens ofthe then fore, the whereabouts ofothermaterial inAustriaremains poorly-known, Trogonophis wiegmanni (Fig. 3) and the unresolved. The number ofvertebrates collected was ad- descriptionofBufomauritanicusby Schlegel (in M. Wag- ditionally reduced because some material was lost due to ner 1841). inadequate preservation during the expedition. Moreover, some material from CentralAmerica, held in storage pri- or to shipping, was destroyed during an earthquake on April 16" 1854 in San Salvador (see M. Wagner, 1870). Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK 218 Philipp Wagner et al. a'Ivi.r. r.('iiM"i>(Ihi<»-1<ki. V ^ V. v> u " « I' 't' fnajjunu, p-upi-irc.'ubB A- WJ'"!"!!!!! a'CHaI.-I"/!. ir u u ^ II b'l. i. v. n-6- 1S51. "I II 0 u h s Fig. 2. Left: Lake Sewan and MountArarat (above) and an unknown area (below) inArmenia. Figured inthe 1851 publishedAr- menian translation ofReise nach dem Ararat unciclem HochlandArme}uen (Wagner 1848). Right: The title page oftheArmenian edition (above) and handwritten information about the publisher (below). Courtesy ofthe Volkerkundemuseum Miinchen. Therefore, major parts of the third expedition except Moritz Wagner as biogeographer and darwinist , those specimens he shipped before the earthquake, were Besides his relevance as a collector, Moritz Wagner also destroyed. Later, on his fourth expedition (1858/1859), was a well-reputed biologist with a broad knowledge of Wagner travelled alone to Central and northern South many different groups, such as insects, fish andmammals, America and collectedmany insects and fishes (see Neu- but also plants. Continuing from his first contributions, mann 2006), but most probably only a small number of Moritz Wagner studied distribution patterns within differ- amphibians orreptiles. Most ofthese specimens were in- ent groups (e.g., Wagner 1841, mammals, birds, butter- ventoried in the collection oftheZoologische Staatssamm- flies, beetles, and land moUusks). This predates "The Ge- lung in Munich, because thisjourney was funded by the ographical Distribution of Animals" by Alfred Russell Bavarian King, Maximilian II, although later some were Wallace (1876) which is generally recognized as one of exchanged with the museum inVienna ordestroyed in the the early contributions to zoogeography. Therefore, SecondWorld War (nearly the entire ZSM fish collection Moritz Wagnermustbe recognized as one ofthe founders andabouthalfofthe herpetological collection). Neumann ofthis field in biology. Moreover, as he studied distribu- (2006) mentioned that for the fish collected the location tion pattern in detail and firstly described rivers as a ge- "Neu-Granada" was coiTccted by Wagner (1864) into ographic barrierbetween sibling species. Later, he was in- "Panama" to indicate that he exclusively collected in this fluenced by e.g., Leopold von Buch and Alexander von area, which was a province ofNew-Granada until 1903. Humboldt and therefore biogeographywas apart ofnear- ly all ofhis contributions, but rarely he published works Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ®ZFMK Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner 219 exclusively in this field (e.g., Wagner 1866). However, it Albert Boulengerand FranzWernerstudiedthe collection. was the publication of Darwin's epochal work "On the In addition, important collections from South America, Origin ofSpecies" which stimulated MoritzWagnerto de- Australia and Asia were accessioned into the collection velop his "Migrationstheorie" [= theory on the migration during this time. As a result, spaces forpublic exhibitions ofspecies]. Here, he first described allopatric (geograph- and scientific collections became limited and probably ic) speciation, which was later adopted by Ernst Mayr. therefore, some collections were donated to other muse- Even though Wagner (e.g., 1868) initially saw his theory ums (including abird collection to Hannover, the fish col- as a good argumentto support Darwin's work, itwas gen- lection to Hamburg). The herpetology collection was re- erally recognized by others e.g., Haeckel and Weismann vised twice in Gotfingen, in 1968 and 1970, and a third as anti-Darwinian. Moritz Wagner (1868) argued that the time duringthe inventory in Bonn, and several specimens geographic isolation oftwo populations is the most im- must be regarded as lost. Unfortunately, it was not possi- portant requirement for speciation. Darwin, on the other ble to ascertain the reasons of these losses between the hand, at first recognized Wagner's theory, but considered time of the inventories and the transfer to the Museum isolation as a less important factor in speciation; later he Koenig in Bonn, where the collection is stored today. totally ignored it (P. Wagner 2008). It is the aim ofthis paper to suiumarize the herpetologi- cal collections ofMoritz Wagner, with a special focus on Remarks on the herpetological collection ofthe Zoolog- the Gottingen material (now stored in Bonn), but also in- ical Museum at the University ofGottingen in respect to cluding known material fromthe museums in Berlin, Lei- material collected by Moritz Wagner den, Munich and Vienna. Apart from several historically important private collec- tions (which partly became state museums later on), the Zoological Museum ofGottingen is among the oldest in- MATERIAL & METHODS stitutional German natural history museum. Since 1773 it hadbeen a departmentofthe Royal (i.e., KingdomofHan- Species accounts are headed with the current valid name nover) Academic Museum and received its own building ofthe identified species. Infonnation ofspecimenrecords in 1793. The first director and curator ofthe zoological is referenced with "Material" which lists the specimens collection was, from 1776 onwards, the famous Johann with their current collection number, old collection num- Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840) whose work "Hand- bers ifavailable, locality data, collector and, ifgiven, the buch derNaturgeschichte" [= Treatise ofnatural history] collection date. The "Catalogue name" provides the his- established his reputation as one of the founders of the torical museum catalogue number if the specimen was modem discipline of comparative anatomy (see Bohme originally inventoried in a different collection, together & Bischofl^l984). with the species name given in the respective catalogue. After Blumenbach's death Arnold Adolph Berthold Ifa specimen is mentioned inthe literature, the "Citation" (1803-1861) became his successor. His fields ofresearch references the respectivepublication, accompanied by the were especiallybroad, one focusbeingthe first experimen- mentioned species name and locality (ifthe locality is dif- tal studies on hormonal effects. However, ofrelevance for ferent from that given with the specimen or in the muse- the present paper are his taxonomic works about crus- um catalogue). Is there no citation available the section taceans, amphibians and reptiles. In this context, he con- was removed. Other information is provided under "Re- tributed an important section to Moritz Wagner's book marks". "Reise nach Kolchis" [= Travel to Colchis] where he ex- Museum abbreviations used within this publication: NMW amined the material donated by M. Wagner to the Zoo- Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria; , logical Museum inGottingen. Berthold's connection to M. RMNH Naturalis [formerly RijksmuseumvanNatuurlijke , Wagner was most likely due to Wagner's brother Rudolf Historic], Leiden, Netherlands; ZFMK, Zoologisches Wagner, who was Professor and Director ofthe Institute ForschungsmuseumAlexander Koenig, Bonn. Gennany; of Physiology at the University of Gottingen and may ZMB Museum fur Naturkunde [fonnerly Zoologisches , have influenced Moritz to deposit his materials from Museum Berlin], Berlin, Germany; ZMUG, Zoologisches Colchis as well as other voyages in this museum. After Museum der Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany Berthold's death, Wilhelm Moritz Keferstein (1833-1870) [sometimes incorrectly referred to as ZIUG= Zoological was able to continue the herpetological tradition at the Institut ofthe University ofGottingen, which is a differ- Gottingen museum with his work on amphibians from ent collection]; ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung , Costa Rica and Australia. But with his early death the Miinchen, Munich, Germany. phase ofactiveherpetological research ended. Fouryears later, in 1874, the herpetology section improved when E. Ehlersbecame the curatorandherpetologists like George Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK 220 Philipp Wagner et al. List ofextant specimens ofamphibians and reptiles col- seum der Wiener Universitat ein junges, die zoolog. lected by Moritz Wagner Sammlung des Staates in Miinchen zwei groBere Exem- plare, welche alle aus Ecuador stammen (Schmardabezw. Amphibia, Gymnophiona M. Wagner coll.)"] it may be concluded that the Vienna [Caeciliidae] specimen was collected by "Schmarda", while the two Caecilia albiventris (Daudin, 1803) Munich specimens by "M. Wagner". In any case, the col- Material: ZSM 2570/0 from "Ecuador" collected by "M. lector "M. Wagler" menfioned by Haupl et al. (1994) is Wagner". obviously a misspelling, but refers rather to Moritz Wag- (NMW Catalogue name: "'Caecilia albiventris'". nerthanto "Schmarda". This specimen 22862 [for- meriy ZIUW Q43 fide Haupl et al. 1994]) was designat- Amphibia, Caudata ed as the lectotype by Brame & Wake (1962: 173). [Ambystomidae] Ambystoma maculatutn (Shaw, 1802) [Salamandridae] Material: ZSM 1259/0 [5 ex.] from "Wisconsin," USAcol- Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque, 1820) lected by "M. Wagner". Material: ZSM 1241/0 [8 ex.], ZSM 1243/0 [6 ex.] from Catalogue name: ''Ambystoma maculatum". "Wisconsin," USA collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: "Triturus viridescens'". Ambystomajeffersoniamim (Green, 1827) Material: ZSM 1261/0 [8 ex.] from "Wisconsin," USAcol- Ommatotriton ophryticiis (Berthold, 1846) lected by "M. Wagner". Material: ZFMK 27793 [ZMUG 22a] [lectotype] from Catalogue name: ''Ambystomajeffersonianwn\ "Tiflis" [=Tbilisi], Georgia, collected by "M. Wagner" in Remarks: This species does not occur in Wisconsin and 1846. itneeds to be clarified ifit is amisidentification ora wrong Catalogue name: "Triton ophriticus" [sic!] [ZMUG]. locality.. Citation: "Triton ophyticus n. sp.", from „bei Tiflis" [= nearTbilisi], (Berthold 1846); "Triton ophryticus n. sp.", [Proteidae] from „aus Grusien [Georgia] und von den Abhangen des Nectnnis maculosus Rafinesque, 1818 Kaukasus," Berthold in M. Wagner (1850, p. 335). Material: ZFMK27701 [ZMUG 26a] from "NordAmeri- Remarks: Mentioning two specimens, Berthold (in M. ka" [=NorthAmerica, no furtherlocality specified] donat- Wagner 1850) intended to describe"Triton ophryticus"in ZFMK ed by the "Ph[ysiological] I[nsdtute]"; 27702 his checklist ofthe amphibians and reptiles collected by [ZMUG 26c] from "NordAmerika" [=NorthAmerica, no Moritz Wagner. However, the publishing of this book further locality specified] collected in 1853. draggedout and Bertholdpublishedthe descriptionin ad- Catalogue name: "Necturus maculatus " [ZMUG].Re- vance (Berthold 1846) in identical form to the later-pub- marks: There is no collector specified in the ZMUG cat- lishedchapter(inWagner 1850). One ofthe two syntypes aloguebutthe locality is one collected byWagnerin 1853 seems to be lost and therefore ZFMK 27793 was desig- and the donation was via the formerthe Physiological In- nated as the lectotype by Bohme & Bischoff(1984). stitute, where Wagner's brotherwas director. This strong- ly suggests that it was collected by Moritz Wagner. Triturus karelini Strauch, 1870 Material: ZFMK 27779 [ZMUG 16m, ZMUG 18] fi-om [Plethodontidae] "Tiflis" [=Tbilisi], Georgia, collected by "M. Wagner" in Bolitoglossapalmata (Werner, 1897) 1846. NMW Material: 22862 [lectotype] from "Cordillera," Cataloguename: "Triton cristatus" [ZMUG 16m]; "7^ vul- Ecuador collected by "M. Wagler [sic!]." garis' [ZMUG 18]. Catalogue name: "Spelerpespalmatus"'. Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentionedthree Citation: As "Spelerpespalmatiis" by Werner (1897a); as species ofthe genus Triturus: T. ophiyticus, T. taeniatus "Spelerpes palmatus Werner" collected by "M. Wagler and T. nycthemerus. While the first was collected in "Ti- [sic!]" by Haupl et al. (1994). flis", the latter two were collected at the "tiirkisch-pon- Remarks: Werner (1897a) mentioned that the type series tischen Kiiste [southern shore ofthe Black Sea]" and are consists ofthree specimens from Ecuador, two ofwhich therefore not identical with the given locality ofthis spec- NMW are housed at the ZSM, and one in the coUecfion. imens. The firstofthese specieswas describedbyBerthold Moreover, he indicated that the specimens are from dif- (1846, in Wagner 1850) and so that obviously this spec- ferentcollectors ([LudwigKarl]"Schmarda" [Austrianbio- imen was not mentioned by him (Berthold in Wagner geographerand collector, 1819-1908] and "M. Wagner") 1850). and fromthe original source ["(...)besitztdas zoolog. Mu- Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK . . Amphibians and reptiles collected by MoritzWagner 221 Amphibia, Anura [Discoglossidae] [Bufonidael Discoglossuspictuspictus Otth, 1837 Atelopus longirostris (Cope, 1868) Material: ZFMK 27894 [ZMUG 35a] from „Algier," Al- Material: ZSM 1017/0 from "Ecuador" [no further local- geria [no furtherlocality specified] collected by "M. Wag- RMNH ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". ner"; 1955 from "Algeria" [no further locality Catalogue name: ''Atelopus longirostris'". specified] collected by "M. F. Wagner". Catalogue name: "Discoglossuspictus" [ZMUG]. & Atelopus variiis (Lichtenstein von Martens, 1856) Citafion: "Raiiapicta" Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841, part NMW Material: 3875.1-4 [4 ex., syntypes] from "Costa III, 134). Rica" [no furtherlocality specified] collectedby "M. Wag- Remarks: Even though Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) ner". mentioned the genus Discoglossus he did not accept this Catalogue name: "Hylaemorphuspliito". taxonomic assignation of 'modem authors' and still re- Citation: As "Hylaemorphuspluto" by Schmidt (1858), ferred the species to the genus Rana. Savage (1972).' Remarks: According to Savage (1972), these specimens [Hemiphractidae] & are the syntypes ofHylaemorphuspluto Schmidt, 1858. Gastrotheca marsupiata (Dumeril Bibron, 1841) The type locality "Costa Rica" was later restricted to Material: ZSM 1188/0 [4 ex.] from "Pichincha," Ecuador "Cartago, Canton Cartago, Provincia Cartago, Costa Ri- collected by "M. Wagner". ca" by Savage (1974). Catalogue name: "Gastrotheca marsupiata". Bufo mauritanicus Schlegel, 1841 Hemiphractusfasciatus Peters, 1862 Material: ZFMK 27979 [ZMUG 56a] from "Algier," Al- Material: ZSM 36/0 [holotype] from "Catassatal" [sic!] geria [no fUrtherlocality specified] collectedby "M. Wag- ("Pastassa-Thal an der Ostseite derAnden [=Pastaza val- RMNH ner"; 2122 [holotype] from"UmgebungenvonAl- ley on the eastern slope oftheAndes] in Ecuador" accord- gier" [=vicinities ofAlgier] collected by "M.F. Wagner". ing to the description) collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: ''Bufo mauritanicus". Catalogue name: "Ceratohylafasciata". Citation: "Bufo mauritanicus" Schlegel (in M. Wagner Citation: As "Hemiphractusfasciatus''' by Trueb (1974) 1841, part III, 134). and Glaw & Franzen (2006). Remarks: Even though this species was described by Remarks: According to Trueb (1974) the locality is erro- Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) the ZFMK voucher is not neous. atype specimen, because Schlegel clearlymentioneda sin- gle voucher ["Das vorliegende Exemplar wurde in den [Hylidae] Umgebungen vonAlgier gefunden.", page 137 in Wagn- Duellmanohyla uranochroa (Cope, 1875) NMW er 1841] and this holotype is present in the herpetology Material: 6175 from "Costa Rica," [no further lo- collection ofNaturalis in Leiden. However, Schlegel ex- cality specified] collected by "M. Wagner". plicitly mentioned that it was not his intention to descri- Catalogue name: "Hyla uranochroa" be Bufo mauritanicus as a new species ("Wenn wir der in Algerien vorkommenden groBen Krote diesen neuenNa- Hyla meridionalis Boettger, 1874 men beilegen, so geschieht dies nur, um ihre Herkunftan- Material: RMNH 1699 from "Algeria" [no further local- zudeuten, und wir wollen dieselbe keineswegs schon als ity specified] collected by M. Wagner. neueArt angesehen wissen."), but he gave a detailed des- Catalogue name: "Hyla arborea ". cription and diagnosis. Therefore according to the Inter- Citation: As "Hyla arborea" by Schlegel (in M. Wagner national Code ofzoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) 1841, part III, 133). this is avalid description. Schlegel is widely accepted as Remarks: Although Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) men- the sole author, but the entire description is in the plural, tioned several specimens, this is the only known vouch- giving the impression ofmore than one author. This was er and was, at this time, the first record forAlgeria. a common style offormal writing at the time, but the in- tention ofthe usage ofthe Gennan 'wir' cannot be final- Hyla versicolor (LeConte, 1825) ly resolved. Wagner (1841) mentioned that the species is Material: ZSM 1162/0 [3 ex.] from"Wisconsin,"USAcol- commoninthe lowlands ofMetidschaandrarenearBona. lected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: "Hyla versicolor" Dendrobates tinctorius (Cuvier, 1797) Material: ZSM 1012/0 from "CentralAmerika" [=Central [Ranidae] America, no fiirther locality specified] collected by "M. Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) Wagner". NMW Material: 2926 from "Costa Rica" [no further lo- Catalogue name: "Dendrobates tinctorius''. Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ®ZFMK " 222 Philipp Wagner et al. cality specified] collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: ''Cinosternum pennsylvanicum" Catalogue name: "'Ranapipiens ". [ZMUG]. Remarks: This species does not does not occur in Costa Rica and was probably collected during Wagner's North ITestudinidae] America travels. Testudograeca graeca Linnaeus, 1758 RMNH Material: 3234 from "Algeria" [no further local- Pelophylax saharicus (Boulenger, 1913) ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". RMNH Material: 1942 from "Algeria" [no further local- Catalogue name: ''Testudo graeca ". ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". Citation: As "Testudo graeca var. mauritanica" by Catalogue name: ''Rana esciilenta ". Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841, part III, 106). Citation: As "'Rana esciilenta' by Schlegel (in M. Wagn- Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) only mentioned er 1841, part III, 133). T graeca var. mauritanica but obviously the collected se- Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) mentioned sev- ries containedmore than one species (see next species ac- eral specimens, but this is the only known surviving count). Wagner (1841) mentioned that he found this voucher ofthis species from Wagner's travels. species at all localities he visited inAlgeria, and refers to areas with the Mediterranean dwarf Palm (Chamaerops [Strabomantidae] humilis) as typical habitat where the specimens hide un- Pristimantis iinistrigatus (Giinther, 1859) der leaves ofthis palm. Material: ZSM 1052/0 from "SudAmerika" [SouthAmer- ica, no further locality specified] collected by "M. Wag- Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758 ner". Material: ZFMK 73732-733 [ZMUG 2e] from "Algier," Catalogue name: "Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus". [=Algeria, no further locality specified] collected by "M. Wagner", donated by "Phys[iologisches] Inst[itut]". Reptilia, Testudinae Catalogue name: "Testudo ibera" [ZMUG]. [Chelydridae] Citation: As "Testudo graeca var. mauritanica'' by Chelydra rossignoni (Bocourt, 1868) Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841, part III, 106). ZMB Material: 125 from "Mittelamerica" [^Central Remarks: The specimens were donated to the Zoological America, no furtherlocality specified] collectedby "Wag- Museum in Gottingen from the Institute ofPhysiology of ner". the same university. The head ofthe institute at this time Catalogue name: ''Chelydra (Emysaurus) serpentina". was RudolfWagner, the older brother ofMoritz Wagner. M. Wagner thus gave material directly to his brother as well as to the museum and its director, A. Berthold. Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: ZFMK 73776 [ZMUG 29b] from Reptilia, Amphisbaenia [Trogonophiidae] "Nordamer[ika]" [=North America, no further locality Trogonophis wiegmanni Kaup, 1830 specified] collected by "Mor. Wagner" in 1853. RMNH Material: 3584 from "Algeria" [no further local- Catalogue name: ""Cinosternum pennsylvaniciim ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". [ZMUG]. Catalogue name: "Amphisbaena wiegmannii". Remarks: Specimens of the genera Kinosternon and Citation: As "Amphisbaena wiegmannii' by Schlegel (in Chelydra are ofcourse very distinct and specimens were likely mixed up earlier in the Gottingen (ZMUG) collec- M. Wagner 1841, part III, 122, tab. VI). Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) menfioned that tion. Wagnercollected several specimens but to date this is the single known preserved specimen in a reference collec- [Geoemydidae] tion. He gave a very detailed description and figured the Rhinoclemmyspunctularia (Daudin, 1801) ZSM at this dme largest specimen of the series (see Fig. 2). Material: 88/0 from "Centralamerika" [=Central America, no further locality specified] collected by "M. Moritz Wagner (1841) mentioned it as a rare species with a disjunct distribution and even restricted to small areas Wagner". in the habitats. He collected three specimens in March Catalogue name: Nicoriapunctularia. 1837 at "Cap Matifu" ("eight hours" east ofAlgiers) un- der stones and mentioned this locality as the easternmost [Kinosternidae] inAlgeria. In May 1838 he collected a seriesunderstones Kinosternon siibnibrum Lacepede, 1788 Material: ZFMK 73778 [ZMUG 29a] from near Mostaganem and mentioned that this is the sole lo- "Nordamer[ika]" [=North America, no ftirther locality cality in Algeria where the species is common. He de- scribedthehabitat as avegetationless sandy areaandmen- specified] collected by "Mor. Wagner" in 1853. tioned May as mating season. Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK Amphibians and reptiles collected by Moritz Wagner 223 ir .t?Wyrf/ n*ti d/i Fig. 3. The specimen ofTrogonophis wiegmanni Kaup, 1830 figured in the rare atlas volume ofWagner (1841). ®ZFMK Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 . 224 Philipp Wagner et al. Reptilia, Sauria em parts ofthe country, where it is common in Arzew, [Againidae] Mostaganem and Oran, and in inland places (Mascara, Paralaudakia caucasia (Eichwald, 1831) Tlemsan). In the lowlands of Metidscha he found the Material: ZFMK 20840-841 [ZMUG 414c] from "Tiflis" species on shrubs, mainly onoleander{Nerium oleander). [=Tbilissi], Georgia collected by "M. Wagner" in 1846. Catalogue n2m.Q:"'Agama stellio"[ZMUG]. [Corytophanidae] Citation: As ''Stellio caiicasius Eichwald" from "aus Basiliscus basiliscus (Linnaeus, 1758) Grusien [Georgia] und von denAbhangen des Kaukasus Material: ZSM 494/0 from "Mittelamerika" [=Central [andthe mounatin slopes ofthe Caucasus]," by Berthold America, no further locality specified] collected by "M. (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 329). Wagner"; ZSM 495/0 from "Mittelamerika" [=Central Remarks: Surprisingly, Berthold's (in M. Wagner 1850) America, no further locality specified] collected by "M. diagnosis of the voucher was initially right but later ig- Wagner"; ZSM 507/0 from "Panama" [no further locali- ZMUG noredin the catalogue and inventoriedthere asA. ty specified] collected by "M. Wagner". stellio. Berthold (inM. Wagner 1850) also onlymentioned Catalogue name: "Basiliscus mitratus" [ZSM 494/0]; one voucher, whereas there are two specimens with the "Basiliscus americanus" [ZSM 495/0; ZSM 507/0]. same locality in the collection. After 1890 the vouchers were stored in formalin and lost coloration, but Berthold Basiliscus virtatus Wiegmann, 1828 (in M. Wagner 1850) described the relatively freshly pre- Material: ZSM 496/0 [3 ex.] from "Central-Amerika" served specimens as having a ground color ofdirty green [=CentralAmerica, no further locality specified] collect- to yellowwith ayellowvertebral stripe, headgray andbel- ed by "? M. Wagner". ly olive-green. Lateralparts ofthe body withblackmark- Catalogue name: "Basiliscus vittatus". ings. Remarks: Eventhoughthe collectorismentionedas ques- ZSM tionable, the locality is consistent with other mate- Phrynocephaluspersicus De Filippi, 1863 rial collected by M. Wagner. Material: ZFMK26381 [ZMUG 154a] from"Umria", Iran collected by "M. Wagner" in 1846. [Dactyloidae] Catalogue name: ''Phrynocephalus helioscopus'' [ZMUG]. Anolis auratus (Daudin, 1802) Citation: As "Phiynocephalus helioscopiis Kaup" from Material: ZSM 484/0 from "Chiriqui," Panama collected "aus Grusien [Georgia] undvon denAbhangen des Kau- by "M. Wagner"; ZSM 485/0 from "Mittelamerika" [= kasus" by Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 330). Central America, no further locality specified] collected Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned two by "M. Wagner". collected specimens with the remark that the species is Catalogue name: "Norops auratus". very widespread along the coast ofthe Caspian Sea. Anolis carolinensis Voigt, 1832 ZSM ZSM ZSM [Anguidae] Material: 467/0 [2 ex.], 468/0 [5 ex.], Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) 469/0 [14 ex.] from "Louisiana," USA collected by "M. Material: ZFMK 26394 [ZMUG 36d] from "Tiflis" Wagner". [=Tbilissi], Georgia collected by "M. Wagner" in 1846. Catalogue name: "Anolis carolinensis". Catalogue name: "Ophisaitnts apus " [ZMUG]. Citation: As "Pseudopusserpentimis Merrem" from "aus Anolisporcatus Gray, 1840 ZMB Grusien [Georgia] undvon denAbhangendes Kaukasus" Material: 517 [3 ex.] from "Centralam[erca]" [= by Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 331). Central America, no further locality specified] collected Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned two by "Moritz Wagner". vouchers of,Pseudopusserpentinus Men-em'andassigned Catalogue name: "Anolisporcatus ". ajuvenile specimen to ,PseudopusJischeri Menet.\ Remarks: This is a Cuban endemic species andnot found in Central America. However, on their sea passage back [Chamaeleonidae] from Honduras to New York, Wagner and Scherzer trav- Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Linnaeus, 1758) elledviaJamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas andHa- RMNH Material: 2990 from "Algeria" [no further local- vana. Therefore, it seems obvious that the locality men- ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". tioned in the catalogue is incorrect. Catalogue name: "Chamaeleon africanus" Citation: As "Chamaeleo africanus'" by Schlegel (in M. Anolis sagrei Dumeril & Bibron, 1837 NMW Wagner 1841, part IH, 111). Material: 12714 from "Costa Rica" [no further lo- Remarks: Wagner (1841) mentioned that he found the cality specified] collected by "M. Wagner". chameleon only in the vicinities ofAlgiers, in the west- Catalogue name: "Anolis sagrei". Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ©ZFMK Amphibians and reptiles collected by MoritzWagner 225 [Gymnophthalmidae] Citation: None. & Bachia heteropa (Lichtenstein von Martens, 1856) Remarks: This species is not mentioned by Schlegel (in Material: ZMB 52679 [formerly ZMB 1175, paralecto- Wagner 1841), butthe specimen probablyreferto the men- type] from "Palmas de St. Matias" [=San Matias, Antio- tioned "lacerta pardalis Lichtenstein 1823". Especially quia, Colombia? fide Bauer& Giinther 1994] (label on the as Schlegel (in Wagner 1841, page 115) mentioned that jar only reads "Venezuela") collected by "Wagner". he had many problems to identify this species and refer Cataloguename: ''Chalcides heteropus", ''Cophiashetero- to it only because of its uncertain identidy. However, piis". Schlegel (inWagner 1841) also mentioned a series ofspec- Citation:As ''Chalcidesheteropus"by Lichtenstein & von imens collected by Moritz Wagner but the whereabouts Martens (1856). ofother specimens remains unclear. Pholidobolus affinis (Peters, 1863) Darevskiapraticola (Eversmann, 1834) Material: ZSM 644/0/1 [holotype] from "Pichincha," Material: ZFMK 21330 [ZMUG 21fl from "Tiflis" Ecuador, collected by "M. Wagner"; ZSM 644/0/2-5 [3 [=Tbilissi], Georgia collected by "M. Wagner" in 1847. adults, I subadult, ?paratypes], all with the same data as Catalogue name: "lacerta miiralis var. chalybdea" the holotype. [ZMUG]. Catalogue name: ''Ecpleopus affinis (Ptrs.) - aspidolae- Citation: As "lacerta muralis Latr." from "aus Grusien mus Pet.". [Georgia] und von den Abhangen des Kaukasus" by Citation: As ''Ecpleopus affinis" by Peters (1863). Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 331). Remarks: According to Franzen & Glaw (2007) ZSM Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) specified two 644/0/1 agrees with Peters' description ofEcpleopits affi- specimens ofthe species but did not recognize a subspe- nis and is without doubt the holotype. The complete se- cific level. Most probably this is one of the mentioned ries consists of five specimens (see above) and Franzen vouchers. There are onlytwo other"lacertcC species men- & Glaw (2007) recognized these specimens as question- tioned: "lacerta oxycephcda'" (see below) andlacertastri- able paratypes. gata, which are very different from Darevskia. [Hoplocercidae] Mesalina guttulata (Lichtenstein, 1823) RMNH Enyalioides laticeps (Guichenot, 1855) Material: 3436 from "Oran,Algeria" collectedby Material: ZSM 499/0 from "Pastassathal" [=Pastaza val- "M. Wagner". ley], Ecuador collected by "M. Wagner". Catalogue name: "lacerta guttata". Catalogue name: ''Enyalioides laticeps". Citation: As "Lacertaguttulata''''by Schlegel (in M. Wag- ner 1841, part in, 113). Enyalioidespraestabilis (O'Shaughnessy, 1881) Remarks: Schlegel (in M. Wagner 1841) mentioned two Material: ZSM 500/0 from "Pastassathal Tal" [=Pastaza specimens collectedbyWagnerwhichwasthe firstrecord valley], Ecuador collected by "M. Wagner". ofthis species forAlgeria. The other specimen could be Catalogue name: ""Enyalioidespraestabilis". the Gottingen specimen, which is apparently lost (see be- low). [Iguanidae] Ctenosaura similis (Gray, 1831) Parvilacertaparva (Boulenger, 1887) Material: NMW 13090 from "Nicoya, Costa Rica" col- Material: ZFMK21229 [ZMUG 21g] from "Urmia," Iran lected by "M. Wagner". collected by "M. Wagner" in 1847. Catalogue name: ''Ctenosaura similis". Catalogue name: "Lacerta muralis'" [ZMUG]. Citation: As "Lacerta muralis Latr." from "aus Grusien Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) [Georgia] und von den Abhangen des Kaukasus" by Material: ZSM 539/0 from "Panama" [no further locali- Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850, p. 331). ty specified] collectedby "M. Wagner"; ZSM 541/0 from Remarks: Berthold (in M. Wagner 1850) mentioned two "Mittelamerika" [=Central America, no further locality vouchers, butonlyonewas locatedbyus (see alsoremarks specified] collected by "M. Wagner". in Darevskia praticola). However, this species is not Catalogue name: "Iguana tuberculata". known from Lake Urmia today, but occurs in the Ararat region in Armenia which was also visited by Wagner. [Lacertidae] Acanthodactylus savignyi Audouin, 1809 Podarcis tauricus (Pallas, 1814) Material: RMNH 3496 from "Algeria" [no further local- Material: ZFMK 26521 [ZMUG 239a], ZFMK 21225 ity specified] collected by "M. Wagner". [ZMUG 21b], ZFMK 26522 [ZMUG 247d] from "Con- Catalogue name: "lacerta savignyi". stantinople" [=Istanbul], Turkey collected by "M. Wag- Bonn zoological Bulletin 61 (2): 216-240 ®ZFMK

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