amine systems

34 Pages·2015·2.16 MB·English

by  Kristin Jordal

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AMINE SYSTEMS
Earl Goetheer
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Capture in 1930

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Challenges Post-combustion Capture
avoid emission
solvent traces
Condenser
CO -lean
2 CO
2
Makeup gas
gas
water
Reflux
Reflux
Rich
drum
solvent
TTroapy n tn TTroapy
ae
eLvlo Pump
s
r
o
r
e t
a
b advanced r
reduce absorber, r e
o heat n
scrubber investment s e
b integration
g
A
e
R
r Bottom Bottom
e Tray Tray Vapor
b Steam
b
u
r Reboiler
c
S Liquid
Condensate
Rich Lean
CO -rich solvent solvent
2 reduce heat
gas
Pump consumption
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Carbamate formation: Zwitterion mechanism

Caplow., 1968
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Bicarbonate formation

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Tertiary amines

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Other reactions
Ionization of water:

Protonation of amine molecule:
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Criteria for solvent selection
I. “basic” criteria
 vapor pressure - solvent losses
 water-washing
 thermal / chemical stability - reclaiming or refill frequency
 corrosivity  stainless steel or plastics
 solubility - in water
- for carbonates and/or carbamates
 viscosity - mass transfer
- hydrodynamics
 selectivity (NO , SO ) - solvent consumption
x x
 refill frequency
 price - market acceptance
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Criteria for solvent selection
II. “no-no”criteria
 toxicity
 ecotoxicity
 biodegradability
 availability

III. “nice-to-have” criteria

 no dual use  chemical weapons
 foaming tendency

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Criteria for solvent selection
IV. Thermal Effectivity

CO capacity
2
- liquid pump around
molecular weight
 column diameter
CAPEX
equilibrium  size of pumps & tubes

 energy requirement
p K OPEX
a
heat of CO absorption
2
 energy requirement

equilibrium

pK
a
mass transfer - contact time
 height of column

CAPEX
kinetics
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