Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary PDF
Preview Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary
OHIO SHORT HISTORIES OF AFRICA AM LCAR CABRAL Í NATIONALIST AND PAN-AFRICANIST REVOLUTIONARY PETER KARIBE MENDY Amílcar Cabral OhiO ShOrt hiStOrieS Of AfricA This series of Ohio Short Histories of Africa is meant for those who are looking for a brief but lively introduction to a wide range of topics in African history, politics, and biography, written by some of the leading experts in their fields. Steve Biko The ANC Women’s League: Sex, by Lindy Wilson Gender and Politics by Shireen Hassim Spear of the Nation (Umkhonto weSizwe): South Africa’s Liberation The Soweto Uprising Army, 1960s–1990s by Noor Nieftagodien by Janet Cherry Frantz Fanon: Toward a Revolutionary Humanism Epidemics: The Story of South Africa’s by Christopher J. Lee Five Most Lethal Human Diseases by Howard Phillips Ellen Johnson Sirleaf by Pamela Scully South Africa’s Struggle for Human Rights by Saul Dubow Ken Saro-Wiwa by Roy Doron and Toyin Falola San Rock Art by J.D. 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South Africa since Apartheid Amílcar Cabral by Colin Bundy by Peter Karibe Mendy Amílcar Cabral A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary Peter Karibe Mendy OHiO UNiVERSiTy PRESS ATHENS Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701 ohioswallow.com © 2019 by Ohio University Press All rights reserved To obtain permission to quote, reprint, or otherwise reproduce or distribute material from Ohio University Press publications, please contact our rights and permissions department at (740) 593-1154 or (740) 593-4536 (fax). Printed in the United States of America Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper ƒ ™ 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 5 4 3 2 1 Cover design by Joey Hifi Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Mendy, Peter Michael Karibe, author. Title: Amílcar Cabral : a nationalist and pan-Africanist revolutionary / Peter Karibe Mendy. Other titles: Ohio short histories of Africa. Description: Athens : Ohio University Press, 2019. | Series: Ohio short histories of Africa | includes bibliographical references and index. identifiers: LCCN 2019004321| iSBN 9780821423721 (pb : alk. paper) | iSBN 9780821446621 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Cabral, Amílcar, 1924-1973. | Guinea-Bissau--History--Revolution, 1963-1974. | Cabo Verde--His- tory--To 1975. | Partido Africano da independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde. | National liberation movements--Guinea-Bissau--History--20th century. | National liberation movements--Cabo Verde--History--20th century. | Revolutionaries--Guinea-Bissau--Biography. Classification: LCC DT613.76.C3 M46 2019 | DDC 966.5702092--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019004321 Contents List of illustrations 7 Preface and Acknowledgments 9 Abbreviations and Acronyms 15 introduction 19 1 Terra Natal Early Childhood in Portuguese Guinea, 1924–32 24 2 Terra Ancestral Schooling and Adolescence in Cabo Verde, 1932–45 38 3 Mãe Patria Higher Education and Political Militancy in Portugal, 1945–52 55 4 Return to Terra Natal Colonial Service and Anticolonial Activities, 1952–56 76 5 Binationalism in Action Passive Resistance and War Preparations, 1956–63 98 6 Conducting Armed Struggle The Liberation of Portuguese Guinea, 1963–73 120 5 7 Solidarity with “Every Just Cause” Pan-Africanism and Internationalism in Action 156 8 The “Cancer of Betrayal” The Assassination of Amílcar Cabral, 20 January 1973 166 9 A Luta Continua The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde, 1973–75 183 10 Cabral ka Muri The Legacy of Amílcar Cabral 200 Notes 211 Bibliography 225 index 231 Illustrations Maps 1 Portuguese Guinea, ca. 1960 25 2 Cabo Verde, ca. 1960 39 Figures 1 Cabral the revolutionary theoretician 126 2 Cabral in pensive mood as the war intensified during the early 1970s 145 3 Cabral the consummate freedom advocate 163 7 Preface and Acknowledgments The assassination of Amílcar Cabral, the charismatic leader of the African Party for the independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde (PAiGC), on 20 January 1973, and the unilateral declaration of the independence of Guinea-Bissau by his liberation movement eight months later, were critical turning points that greatly sharpened my political consciousness. i was born in Gambia, West Africa, during the terminal period of British colonial rule. Both my parents were natives of Guinea-Bissau, then called Portuguese Guinea, located about four hun- dred miles south. Like thousands of others before them, they left their homeland to escape the harsher colonial order there characterized by forced labor and corporal punishment. While the Portuguese were not the only European colonizers in Africa to maintain the pax co- lonica by brutal repression, they were nevertheless the last to formally end it, in 1961, following the uprisings in Angola that signaled the beginning of armed national liberation struggle there. Growing up in Gambia before the start of the war of independence in Guinea-Bissau, i heard numerous 9
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