Amiantofusus gen. nov. for Fusus amiantus Dall, 1889 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) with description of a new and extensive Indo-West Pacific radiation

2007·10.3 MB·

by  Koen Fraussen

K. Fraussen,Y. Kantor& R. Hadorn Novapex 8 (3-4): 79-1 1, 10 décembre 2007
Amiantofusus gen. nov. for Fusus amiantus Dali, 1889
(Mollusca: Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae)
with description of a nevv and extensive Indo-West Pacific radiation
Koen FRAUSSEN
Leuvensestraat 25, B-3200 Aarschot, Belgium
[email protected]
KANTOR
Yuri
A. N. Severtzov Institute ofEcology and Evolution, Russian Academy ofSciences, Leninski Prospect
33, Moscow 1 17071, Russia
[email protected]
HADORN
Roland
Dreihubelweg 23, CH-3250 Lyss, Switzerland
susuf(5)bluewin.ch
KEYWORDS. Gastropoda, Fasciolariidae, Buccinidae, Fusus amiantus, Fusus thielei,
Madagascar, Reunion, Taiwan, Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu, MUSORSTOM,
new genus, new taxa.
ABSTRACT. In the présent paper we describe the new genus Amiantofusus gen. nov. to
accommodate the Atlantic species Fusus amiantus Dali, 1889. The genus belongs to Fasciolariidae
and this family is confirmed as distinct from Buccinidae, based on anatomical différences. We add
an Indo-West Pacific fauna ofseven species described as new to science: Amiantofusus paciflcus
sp. nov. (North Fiji Basin, New Caledonia, southern Coral Sea, south West Pacific), A.
gloriabundus sp. nov. (North Fiji Basin, Vitiaz Zone),A. sebalis sp. nov. (New Caledonia, Loyalty
Islands, Vanuatu), A. candoris sp. nov. (Chesterfield Islands, Fairway), A. maestratii sp. nov.
(New Caledonia), A. borbonica sp. nov. (Reunion) and A. cartilago sp. nov. (Mozambique
Channel). In addition we add two unnamed species: A. species 1 (North Fiji Basin) and A. species
2 (Vanuatu). Fusus thielei Schepman, 1911 is briefly discussed, the generic placement is still
uncertain.
INTRODUCTION discussed in two subséquent papers (Snyder &
Hadorn, 2006 and Hadorn & Fraussen. 2006).
Récent deep-sea biodiversity exploration in the South The fusinids studied in the présent paper belong to
Pacific by Institut de Recherche pour le another particular group of species with a particular
Développement (IRD, Nouméa, formerly ORSTOM) shape and protoconch morphology. Fasciolariidae
and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN, with a peculiar protoconch with striking semilunar
Paris) has brought to light many hundreds ofnew or axial riblets has been reported from East Atlantic
little known species of molluscs and other benthic seamounts by Gofas (2000). This character is shared
invertebrates. As a resuit of thèse expéditions, over with the Indo-West Pacific Fasciolariidae presented
400 new species of molluscs hâve been described in this paper, which are remarkably similar with the
from the deep waters offNew Caledonia alone (see, amfi-Atlantic Fusus amiantus Dali, 1889 in
among others, Crosnier & Bouchet 1991 and Bouchet conchological characters, radula morphology and
&
Marshall 2001). Also the Buccinidae and anatomy, and, consequently, are congeneric.
Fasciolariidae are well represented in this rich Amiantofusus gen. nov. has a fasciolariid radula,
material. Results on the genus Fusinus from thèse however the species are conchologically qnite similar
expéditions has been presented in a paper dealing to Buccinidae. Therefore the anatomy of the type
with the deeper water species of the subgenus species, Fusus amiantus Dali, 1889, and one of the
Chryseofusus (Hadorn & Fraussen, 2003). The genus new Pacific species was studied. Surprisingly little is
Granulifusus has been confirmed as being distinct known about the anatomy of Fasciolariidae. Only a
from typical Fusinus and the species collected by few publications (e.g. Marcus & Mardis, 1962 and
thèse expéditions are presented in a second paper Ponder, 1970) are dedicated to soft-body morphology
(Hadorn & Fraussen, 2005). The subgenus Fusinus is and anatomy ofthis family, as well as a paper on the
79
1
K. FR M nM N, Y. KANTORA K. Il \IH)R\ Amkmtofusus gen. nov.
stomach o\' Buccinoidea (Kantor, 2003), including ORSTOM: Former name for IRD
descriptions of some fàsciolariid species. In the Rll: collection Roland lladorn, Swit/erland
présent paper we discuss the anatomical USNM: National Muséum of Natural History,
characteristics o\' Fasciolariidae and Buccinidae, to Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA
couIuni them as distinct and to dérive a correct YIC: A. N. Severtzov Institute of Problems of
définition for Fasciolariidae. évolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow,
The material described in die présent study originates Russia
froni various French researcli vessels and expéditions ZMA: Zoologisch Muséum Amsterdam, Netherlands
in the tropical Indo-West Pacific (e.g. Richer de aie: in àlcohol collection
Forges. 1993), conducted during the last 30 years, dd: empty shell, dead collected
which are part ofthe still ongoing sampling program juv:juvénile orsubadult
to study the tropical deep-sea benthos in the Indo- lv: collected alive, animal dried
Pacific, fora better knowledge ofthe biodiversity: BI: chalut double perches Blake (Blake trawl)
(a) MUSORSTOM 5, CORAIL 2 and EBISCO CHG: chalut à perches (beam trawl)
expéditions to the Coral Sea, and especially CC: chalut à crevettes (ottertrawl forshrimp)
Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau (Richerde Forges cl al, CP: chalut à perches (beam trawl)
19X6. Richerde Forges, 1990). DC: drague Calypso (Calypso dredge)
(b) BATHUS 1, 2 & 3, BIOCAL. HALIPRO 1. DE: drague épibenthique (epibenthic dredge)
BIOGEOCAL. CHALCAL 2. SMIB 3, 4 & 8, DP: petite drague à roche (small rock dredge)
MUSORSTOM 6, NORFOLK 1 & 2 and BERYX 1 DW: drague Warén (Warén dredge)
expéditions offeastem and southern New Caledonia dr: dragage (dredging)
(Loyalty Basin) and Loyalty Ridge (Richerde Forges stn: station
&Chevillon, 1996).
(c) BATHUS 4 and MUSORSTOM 4 expéditions off Abbreviations on figures
northern New Caledonia.
(d) MUSORSTOM 7 expédition to the Fiji Basin. aoe - anterioroesophagus
(e) VOLSMAR and MUSORSTOM 8 expéditions to cept -cephalic tentacles
Vanuatu and the New Hébrides Arc (Volcanos cme -eut mantle edge
Hunter& Matthew) (Richerde Forges etal, 1996). et -ctenidium
(0 BORDAU 2 expédition to Tonga (no published dg- digestive gland
cruise report yet). dgL duct ofthe gland ofLeiblein
(g) TAIWAN 2000 expédition to Taiwan (no fpg- female palliai gonoduct
published cruise report yet). gL -gland ofLeiblein
(h) MD32 expédition offReunion, hg- hypobranchial gland
(i) Material recently obtained as a by-product of int- intestine
commercial shrimp fisheries in the Mozambique lsg- left salivary gland
Channel offMadagascarand offered to collectors. nep- nephridium
Material from the French expéditions is. unless ng- nephridial gland
otherwise stated, deposited in MNHN. The material is, nr-circumoesophageal nerve ring
unless being a type (which are allocated to catalogue op-operculum
numbers), unambiguously designated and retrievable os osphradium
by the combination of expédition acronym and station ov -ovary
number. p pénis
per-pericardium
Abbreviations poe-posterioroesophagus
pr-proboscis within rhynchodaeum
AMNH: American Muséum of Natural History, New prp - propodium
York, USA prr- proboscis retractor
AMS: Australian Muséum, Sydney, Australia re-rectum
EM: collection Eric Monnier, France rsg-right salivary gland
IRD: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, s- siphon
Nouméa, New Caledonia sd - salivary duct
KF: collection Koen Fraussen, Belgium semd- séminal duct visible through pénis wall
MNHN: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, st- stomach
France tes-testis
NMNZ: Muséum of New Zealand Te Papa vd -vas déférence
Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand vL - valve ofLeiblein
80
.
K. Fraussen,Y. Kantor& R. Hadorn NOVAPEX 8 (3-4): 79-101. 10 décembre 2007
SYSTEMATICS spécifie on the ducts in his description ofthe anatomy
ofMicrofulgurcarinatus Ponder, 970.
1
The second characteristic are the proboscis retractor
Family FASCIOLARIIDAE Rafinesque. 1815
muscles. In Buccinidae the retractors are usually
numerous and are attached in bundles laterally to the
Diagnosis and discussion. It is not easy to draw clear médian to the proboscis sheath (= rhynchocoel). In
distinction between Fasciolariidae and Buccinidae.
Fasciolariidae there are either the single pair of the
which hâve rather similar anatomy. Traditionally the
retractors, or even there can be a single powerful
differentiation has been made on the basis of the
retractor, attached to rhynchocoel (Ponder. 1970;
radula. Fasciolariidae possess the broad latéral teeth Marcus & Marcus, 1962 and Kantor, unpublished).
with many cusps (more than 5) and very small central
The combination of the above mentioned
and narrovv tooth with 1 to several weak cusps. characteristics. that are multicuspid latéral radular
Buccinidae. on the contrary are usually having 2-4
teeth together with very small central tooth. single or
cusps on the laterals and relatively much broader.
paired proboscis retractors, salivary ducts passing
subsquare central tooth with 3-4 cusps. In fact this is within the oesophagus walls and characteristic
not that straightforward. There are some gênera which
stomach morphology seems to allow to diagnose
hâve basically the fasciolariid radula type, but
Fasciolariidae confidentially.
classified within Buccinidae. One of thèse gênera is
It also should be specified. that only the combination
Thalassoplanes Dali, 1908. The radula was illustrated
by Bouchet & Warén (1986: pi. 1. fig. 5) and it is ogfenauilsthwèistehicnharFaacstceiroilsatriicisdcaeo,nfiwrhmislethesipnlglaecemcheanrtacotfear
superficially very similar to that of Fasciolaria. The may be présent in Buccinidae as well. Thus,
anatomy of Brevisiphonia circumreta Lus. 1973 (the
Thalassoplanes possesses a clearly fasciolariid radula.
type species of Thalassoplanes) was described by Lus
but the stomach has a very long posterior mixing area
(1973), who attributed the genus to Fasciolariidae.
and salivary ducts which pass freely along the anterior
Similarly, Troschelia bemiciensis (Ring. 1846) has
oesophagus (Lus, 1973).
"fasciolariid-like" latéral radular teeth with 5-10 cusps
(Bouchet & Warén, 1985: figs 484-485). but it was Achmairaancttoerfsu,susmegnetni.onendov. abpoosvseessfeosr thFeascainolaatroimiidcaael:
attributed by the latterauthors to Buccinidae.
position of the salivary ducts, the single or paired
Although Ponder (1970) concluded. that there are no
proboscis retractors, as well as stomach morphology.
reliable anatomical différences. that readily
ail very similar to that of other Fasciolariidae
distinguish the families ofBuccinoidea; Kantor(2003)
(although due to fixation we were not able to examine
stated that stomach anatomy is similar in ail it in détails). The combination of thèse characters
Fasciolariidae examined and allows to distinguish
allows us to prove the position of the genus within
them from other Buccinoidea in a combination of
Fasciolariidae.
characteristics. particularly in the absence of the
posterior mixing area (sometimes called as caecum), GenusAmiantofusus gen. nov.
in the low relief of the folds on the inner stomach
wall, in the présence of transverse striations on the Type species: Fusus amiantus Dali. 1889. amfi-atlantic
low longitudinal fold. in the absence of clear (West Atlantic: northern Caribbean. East Atlantic:
differentiation of the gastric chamber into dorsal and around Azores).
ventral parts.
The foregut anatomy is rather uniform in ail Description. Shell small to médium, white, yellowish.
buccinoideans. and is characterized by a long pale brown to orange-brown. fusiform, slender, with
proboscis. large paired or fused acinous salivary high spire and rather short siphonal canal.
glands, a usually well developed valve and gland of Protoconch multispiral. pointed. with 3-3 1/2 whorls.
Leiblein, and by the absence of accessory salivary First whorls smooth, glossy. Last whorl with fine but
glands. Nevertheless there are some minute strong, semilunar. axial riblets and with 1
différences, that seems to be important. One ofthem is occasionally 2, fine suprasutural spiral cord(s).
the passage of the ducts of the salivary glands. In Teleoconch whorls ornamented with spiral cords,
Buccinidae the ducts, after leaving the glands, are weak or invisible in the axial interspaces, forming
following freely along the anterior oesophagus well developed knobs on the axial ribs. Their number
towards the anterior part ofthe proboscis, where they increasing from 2 (occasionally 3) on the first whorl to
enter the walls of the oesophagus close to their 4-6 on penultimate whorl. Most species develop
entrance into the buccal cavity. In Fasciolariidae to the secondary spiral cords.
contrary (Leucozonia nassa, by Marcus & Marcus. Aperture ovate to narrow, more or less pinched at both
1962), the ducts, shortly after leaving the glands, enter ends. Outer lip simple, usually thin. Columella
the anterior oesophagus walls in front ofthe valve of smooth, callus thin. Outer lip and columella usually
Leiblein. They follow to theiropenings into the buccal with one or more internai knobs or lirae (fully adult
cavity under the latéral folds of the oesophagus. spécimens), adapical columellar knob occasionally
Ponder (1970) unfortunately did not write anything strong. Most spécimens (subadult) without internai
81
K. FkU ssl \. Y. K.AMOR& R. ll\l)()l<\ Amiantofusus gen. nov.
knobs or lirae inside outer lip. Siphonal canal short, Proboscis narrow. length about 5.5 diameter. Mouth
broad, open. opening broad (Fig. 5) compared to proboscis
Operculum coraeus, thin. pale brown, rather small, diameter, in the shape of dorso-ventrally compressed
elongate, nucleus terminal narrow slit. Proboscis retractor large (Figs 4-5 prr),
unpaired, attached to the rhynchodaeum ventrally at
Radula with small. narrow. tricuspid central tooth with its mid-length.
elongate base. Latéral teeth broad, slightly curved, Oesophagus leaving proboscis posteriorly is broad,
with 4 major cusps accompanied by a small knob or rounded in section and forming very long loop (Fig.
eusp at both ends. 5). Valve ofLeiblein large (Fig. 5 - vL), comparing to
oesophagus diameter, pyriform. the ciliar conical
Anatonn and operculum of Amiantofusus amiantus valve is visible through transparency of the walls of
(Dali. 1889), was studied in an adult maie (spire the valve. The valve is situated anterior to proboscis
length 14.0 mm, body whorl length 8.3 mm, apertural tip, when the latter is retracted. Oesophagus narrow
lengtb 5.6 mm, siphonal vvidth 5.3 mm. Shell with 3.8 immediately posterior to the valve and passing
protoconch and 5.75 teleoconch whorls) from Meteor through the nerve ring. Circumoesophageal nerve ring
Bank (central Atlantic), SEAMOUNT 2, stn DW180. comparatively large (Fig. 5 nr), concentrated,
Body light yellovv (preserved), digestive gland light covered with thick connective-tissue layer, that is
orange, testis slightly lighter, upper whorls were torn obscuring the borders between ganglia. Mid-
off by extracting the body from the shell, mantle oesophagus after passing through the nerve ring
cavity spanning slightly over 1/2 whorl. Nephridium slightly widens, covered with loose connective tissue,
narrow spanning about 1/5 whorl, nephridial gland which is obscuring the duct ofthe gland of Leiblein.
narrow. with transparent walls (Fig. 6 ng). Lobes of Posterior oesophagus (posterior to the opening ofthe
the digestive gland fuse without distinct border. The duct of the gland of Leiblein) of the same diameter
gland occupies the ventral part ofthe upper whorls of along its length, thin-walled. Gland of Leiblein long
viscéral mass, the border Une between digestive gland (Figs 4-5 gL), light yellow-brownish, tubular,
and the testis is slightly wavy (Fig. 1 ). uncoiled, tapering posteriorly.
Foot thick, with subrectangular sole, rounded Salivary glands large, situated on both sides of
posteriorly. Propodium narrow (Fig. 2 prp)- anterior part of rhynchodaeum and the
separated from metapodium by very narrow and circumoesophageal nerve ring, completely covering
shallow propodial cleft. Operculum (Fig. 1 - op) the latter (Figs 4-5 - rsg, Isg). The glands are semi-
completely transparent, light yellow, very thin, transparent, offwhite, judging from the external view
elongate-oval, with terminal nucleus, nucleus eroded. acinous. Salivary ducts leaving the glands and fused
Growth Unes very thin, inconspicuous, and numerous. with the walls ofthe oesophagus immediately anterior
Operculum attached along short oval area (under 1/2 to the valve of Leiblein. The duct of the left salivary
ofoperculum length) to opercular pad. Head medium- gland is much thicker, than that ofthe right gland. The
sized, poorly differentiated from the foot, tentacles ducts are visible through the oesophagus wall by
long (Figs 2-3 - cept), closely spaced at the bases, transparency, as they follow anteriorly (Fig. 5 - sd).
conical with distinct black eyes, at tentacles bases. Accessory salivary glands absent. Stomach small (Fig.
Mantle cavity. Mantle cavity is in ail respects similar 6 - st), broadly U-shaped, without posterior mixing
to that of Amiantofusus pacificus (Fig. 9), long, its area. The outer stomach wall is covered by thin but
length about 1 1/2 the width, edge even and thickened distinct transverse folds visible by transparency.
when animal is contracted. Mantle wall very thin, Posterior oesophagus opens into the stomach vetro-
osphradium, ctenidium, palliai gonoduct, and posteriorly (Fig. 6 - poe). Due to fixation it was
hypobranchial gland visible by transparency. Siphon impossible to study stomach anatomy.
with thick and contracted walls, short, very slightly Reproductive system. Pénis is médium long (Fig. 3 -
extending beyond mantle edge. Ctenidium large, but p), rounded in section at the base and more flattened
narrow, occupying about 0.9 of mantle length, closer to the apex, slightly narrowing towards the tip.
consisting of simple tall triangular lamellae. Séminal duct is clearly visible by transparency.
Osphradium twice as wide as ctenidium and 0.6 ofits Séminal opening lacking papilla.
length, assymmetrical, with broad axis. Its lamellae on
the right side are wider than on the left side, especially Comparison. Amiantofusus gen. nov. is characterized
in the anterior part in proximity to the mantle edge. by the multispiral protoconch, with semilunar axial ribs
Hypobranchial gland indistinct, narrow, lacking folds, and 1, occasionally 2, suprasutural spiral cords, in
covered with thick mucus layer. Rectum narrow, thin- combination with strong axial sculpture and short
walled, of similar diameter along its length, without siphonal canal.
terminal papilla. Rectal gland absent. Subadult spécimens are more common than full adults.
Alimentaiy system (Figs 4-6). Proboscis médium long The shape ofadult shells can differ considerably by a
in contracted state (about 1.8 mm, or 0.32 aperture proportionally larger aperture and shorter siphonal
length), with smooth walls, occupying most of canal.
rhynchocoel length, rhynchodeum semitransparent.
82
K. Fraussen,Y. Kantor& R. Hadorn NOVAPEX 8 (3-4): 79-101, 10 décembre 2007
The présence of a protoconch vvith peculiar semilunar Meyeriadecorata var. ecaudata Locard. 1897: 338.
axial ribs in combination with one or more suprasutural
spiral cords is shared with the East Atlantic fasciolariid Références. Fusinus amiantus (Dali. 1889). Bouchet &
species "Latirus" nigosissimus (Locard, 1897) and Warén, 1985: 161. figs 377-378, 386.
buccinid Antillophos species (Indo-West Pacific and Fusinus amiantus (Dali, 1889), Gofas, 2000: 10, figs E-
Caribbean). Some of thèse species are more common F.
on seamounts {Antillophos alabastrum (Fraussen. Fusinus ? amiantus (Dali, 1889), Hadorn & Rogers.
2003) and Antillophos boucheti (Fraussen. 2003)). For 2000: 9. figs 5-6.
a discussion of East Atlantic seamount species with
axial ribs on the protoconch (although not ail Material examined. Holotype oîFusus amiantus Dali.
semilunar) we referto Gofas (2000). 1889. in USNM 508726.
Species of the deep-water subgenus Fusinus Type material ofMeyeria decorata Locard, 1897, off
(Clvyseofusus) Hadorn & Fraussen. 2003 hâve a short Madeira, TALISMAN 1883 stn dr 127, 38°38'N,
MNHN
siphonal canal too, but differ by the smooth paucispiral 28°21'W, 1257 m. 2 syntypes, 6765.
protoconch. the higher number of spiral cords and by TALISMAN 1883 stn dr 126, 38°37'N, 28°21'W, 1258
MNHN
radular morphology (central tooth with broader base, m, 1 syntype, 6764.
latéral teeth with4-8 cusps). TALISMAN 1883, off Azores (as F. grimaldii): dr
Species accommodated in the buccinid deep-water 122, 1440 m. 4 lv. - dr 127. 1258 m, 10 lv. 3 dd,
genus Manaria Smith. 1906 (type species M. thwstoni MNHN.
Smith. 1906 by original description, northern Indian Princesse Alice (as F. grimaldii), dr 74, 1360 m. 1 lv
Océan. Buccinidae) may hâve a similar shape but differ (det. F. grimaldii by H. Fischer, coll. H. Fischer) (not
by the smooth paucispiral protoconch. by a usually figured by Tryon), MNHN. - Stn 719, 39°!!^,
higher number of primary spiral cords but lower 32°44' 30"W, 1600 m. ldd (coll. S.A.S. le Prince de
number ofsecondary spiral cords. by the weaker axial Monaco). MNHN.
ribs and by radular morphology (which is buccinid. Jean Charcot-BIACORES 1971. stn BI66. 38°34'N,
central tooth broader. latéral tooth with 2 cusps). For 28°19'W, 1225-1260 m, 1 lv [figured by Bouchet &
more détails on this genus we refer to Bouchet & Warén (1985: 162. figs 378. 386)]. 1 dd. MNHN. -
Warén, 1986. Stn DP48, 37°44'N. 29°03'W. 430-465 m. 1 lv.
Species of the turbinellid genus Metzgeria Norman. MNHN. - StnCHG179. 38°05,5'N, 25°46'W, 1590-
1879 (new name forMeyeria Dunker & Metzger, 1874. 1665 m, 1 lv, MNHN.
type species Lathyrus albellus Dunker & Metzger. SEAMOUNT 2, stn DW180, 30°04,10'N, 28°45,10'W,
1874 by monotypy, junior synonym of Latinis albus 1575 m. 1 aie (dissected foranatomy), MNHN.
Jeffreys in Wyville-Thompson. 1873. northern
Atlantic. Turbinellidae) differ by the présence of Distribution. Amiantofusus amiantus is an amfi-
columellar folds and by radular morphology (latéral Atlantic species. In the West Atlantic known from the
teeth with one cusp). Meyeria decorata Locard. 1897 northern Caribbean. offCuba (Dali. 1889: 169). In the
has been assigned to Turbinellidae (Cernohorsky. East Atlantic known. not from the continental shelf. but
1973: 125). until Bouchet & Warén (1986: 161. 254) on the seamounts and slopes ofthe Azores and Madeira
hâve recognized the species as a junior synonym of (Bouchet & Warén. 1985: 161) and on Meteor, Irving
Fusinus amiantus (Dali. 1889). and Plato Bank (Gofas. 2000: 10).
Etymology. Amiantofusus gen. nov. is named after the Remarks. Amiantofusus amiantus is characterized by
type species: Fusus amiantus Dali, 1889. the fusinid shape but with short siphonal canal, in
combination with a multispiral protoconch and the
Amiantofusus amiantus (Dali, 1889) comb. nov. présence of peculiar semilunar axial ribs on the lower
Figs 1-6, 14-16.24-25 protoconch whorl.
Amiantofusus amiantus displays considérable
Fusus amiantus Dali. 1889: 169. pi. 15. fig. 1 1. variability in shape. Subadult spécimens hâve a smaller
aperture in combination with a longer siphonal canal.
Type locality. Off Havana, Morro Light. Cuba, U.S. Adult spécimens hâve a wider outer lip and shorter
Coast Survey. stn 2, 23°14'00"N, 82°25'00"W, 1480 m. siphonal canal, the shape of the base looks more
rounded. The spiral and axial sculpture is rather
Synonyms. Fusus grimaldii Dautzenberg & Fischer, constant.
1896: "434, pi. 18, figs 10-11. Type locality: off Fusinus bocagei (P. Fischer. 1882) differs by the
MONACO
Madeira. stn 213. 39°23'N, 31°25'W, 1384 protoconch (finer and lesser curved axial ribs. broader
m. interspaces. the absence ofsubsutural spiral cords). the
Fususgrimaldii var. major Locard, 1897: 330. longer siphonal canal, the absence ofa thick lip and the
Meyeria decorata Locard, 1897: 337. pi. 16. figs 31- higher number ofprimary spiral cords (3 on the spire,
34. Type locality: off Madeira, TALISMAN 1883 dr up to 9 on the body whorl).
127, 38°38'N, 28°21'W, 1257 m.
83
K I KM ssi \. Y. KANTOR& R. Il M)()K\ Amiantofusus gen. nov.
Latirus rugosissimus (Locard, 1897), an l-!ast Atlantic (Sponge Bank), 24°55'S, 168°22'E, 527 m, 3 lv, 6 dd (2
species with almost identical protoconch, differs juv).
considerably in teleoconch morpholog) SMIB 3, stn DW2 (Sponge Bank), 24°53'S, 168°22'E,
For différences with Amiantofusus pacifiais sp. nov. 530-537 m. 1 dd. - Stn DW3 (Sponge Bank),
we refer to the comparison under thaï species. 24°55'S, 168°22'E, 513 m, 2 dd. - Stn DW5 (Sponge
Bank), 24°55'S, I68°22'E, 502-512 m, 2 dd. - Stn
Amiantofususpacificus sp. aov. DW6 (Sponge Bank), 24°56'S, 168°21'E, 505 m, I dd.
Figs 7-13, 17-23. 28-30, 34-45, 66-69 - Stn DW7 (Sponge Bank), 24°55'S, 168°21'E, 505 m,
4dd.
Type material. Holotype (26.3 mm) (SMIB X, stn SMIB 4, stn DW34 (Sponge Bank), 24°55'S, 168°22'E,
DW152), MNHN 7039. Paratypes 1-4 (same Iocality), 510-515 m, 1 lv.
\I\IIN 7064. Paratypes 5-8 (BERYX 11, stn DWI0)3 BERYX 11, stn DW09 (Sponge Bank), 24°52'S,
MDWN1H6N91)7040K,Fn1rY5I1C8;4.ParaRtHyp.es 9-10 (NORFOLK stn (1S6p8°o2n2g'eE,Ba6n3k5)-,62840°5m3,'S1, l1v6j8u°v2.1'2E,dd5.65--600Stmn, D3Wlv1,01
1 1 dd. - Stn CP60 (Aztèque Bank), 23°19'S, 168°00'E,
TSyMpIeBI8o,casltintyD.WN1o5r2fo,lk24°R5i4d'gSe,, 1S6p8o°n2g2e'EB,a5n1k4,-5M3o0unmt. B, 2B538A°04T-06H'0SU0,Sm1,6731°,5l9v.'stEn, 4D20W-840357m,(J1umdde.au -WeSsttn DBWa8nk0)9,
(Jumeau West Bank), 23°39'S, 167°59'E, 650-730 m,
Material examined. East coast ofTaiwan: TAIWAN 5 lv (2 juv.) (3 aie, anatomy), 8 dd (6 juv). - Stn
2000, stn DW56, 24°29'08,,N, 122o12'06"E, 438 m, 1 DW810 (Jumeau West Bank), 23°40'S, 167°59'E, 850-
dNdo.rth Fiji Basin, Vitiaz Zone: MUSORSTOM 7, stn 2930°019m',S,116d8d°0j0u'vE., 60-1-6S0t8nmD,W18l2v4juv(,Az1tdèdq.ue Bank),
DW539 (Combe Bank), 12°27'S, 177°27'W, 700 m, 1 SMIB 8, stn DW146-147 (Sponge Bank, Mount B),
dd. Stn DW540 (Combe Bank), 12°27'S, 24°55'S, 168°22'E, 508-532 m, 1 lv juv. - Stn
177°28'W, 600 m, 1 dd juv. Stn DW573 DW149 (Sponge Bank, Mount B), 24°55'S, 168°22'E,
(Waterwitch Bank), 12°31'S, 176°52'W, 364 m, 1 dd. 508-51 m, 4 dd. - Stn DW150, 24°54'S, 168°22'E,
- Stn DW576 (Waterwitch Bank), 12°31'S, 176°53'W, 519-530 m, 21v(l juv), 3 dd (1 juv). - StnDW152
680-685 m, 1 dd. - Stn DW597 (Field Bank), (Sponge Bank, Mount B), 24°54'S, 168°22'E, 514-530
12°31'S, 174°19'W, 469-475 m, 1 lv. - Stn DW625 m, 2 1v, 8dd(3juv).
(Bayonnaise Bank), 11°52'S, 179°34'W, 425-430 m, 2 NORFOLK 1, stn DW1688 (Sponge Bank), 24°56'S,
dd, 1 lv juv. - Stn CP629 (Bayonnaise Bank), 168°22'E, 533-545 m, 1 lv, 2 dd (1 juv). - Stn
1 1°54'S, 179°32'W, 400-420 m, 1 lv. DW1690 (Sponge Bank), 24°54'S, 168°22'E, 514-515
NBoArTthHeUrSn 4N,eswtn CCaPl9e2do1n,i1a8,°47o'fSf,E1n6t3r°ec17a'sEt,e6au1x0-6Re1e3fms,: m1,68°122d'd.E, 5-09-5St1n3 Dm,W126l9v.1 (-SpSotnngeDWBan1k6)9,2 2(4S°p5o4n'gSe,
1 lv. - StnCP922, 18°48'S, 163°19'E, 600 m, 1 dd. Bank), 24°56'S, 168°21'E, 507-967 m, 3 dd (1 juv). -
MUSORSTOM 4, stn DW159, 18°46'S, 163°16'E, 585 Stn DW1696 (Introuvable Bank), 24°39'S, 168°39'E,
m, 1 lv. - Stn CP199, 18°50'S, 163°14'E, 595 m, 1 780-806 m, 1 lv. - Stn DW1697 (Introuvable Bank),
dSdo.uthern Coral Sea, Nova Bank: MUSORSTOM 5, N24O°3R9F'SO,L1K68°23,8'sEt,n56D9W-2610646m, (1Jluv.meau West Bank),
stn DW313, 22°24'S, 159°33'E, 780-930 m, 2 dd (1 23°44'S, 168°01'E, 785-810 m, 1 lv juv, 1 ddjuv. -
juv). Stn DW2060 (Introuvable Bank), 24°40'S, 168°38'E,
Southern New Caledonia, off Nouméa: BATHUS 2, 582-600 m, 3 dd. - Stn DW2065 (Athos Bank),
stn CP743, 22°36'S, 166°26'E, 713-950 m, 1 dd. 25°16'S, 168°56'E, 750-800 m, 1 lv, 1 1 dd (3 juv). -
Southern New Caledonia Slope: BIOCAL, stn DW36, Stn DW2068 (Porthos Bank), 25°20'S, 168°57'E, 680-
23°09'S, 167°H'E, 650-680 m, 1 dd. - Stn DW51, 980 m, 7 dd (4juv). - Stn DW2069 (Porthos Bank),
23°05'S, 167°45'E, 680-700 m, 1 dd, 2 lvjuv. 25°20'S, 168°58'E, 795-852 m, 5 lv, 16 dd (7juv). -
Southern New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge: BIOCAL, Stn DW2073 (Zorro Bank), 25°24'S, 168°19'E, 609 m,
stn DW66 (Sponge Bank), 24°55'S, 168°22'E, 505-515 1 dd juv. - Stn DW2080 (Zorro Bank), 25°20'S,
m, 1 lvjuv, 2 dd. 168°19'E, 764-816 m, 6 lv (3 juv), 9 dd (4 juv). -
CHALCAL 2, stn CCI (Sponge Bank), 24°55'S, Stn DW2084 (Sponge Bank), 24°52'S, 168°22'E, 586-
168°22'E, 500 m, 1 lv. - Stn CC2 (Sponge Bank), 730 m, 4 dd. - Stn DW2086 (Sponge Bank),
24°55'S, 168°21'E, 500 m, 1 dd. - Stn DW72 24°56'S, 168°22'E, 707-777 m, 7 dd (3juv).
Figures 1-6
1-6.Amiantofusus amiantus (Dali, 1889) comb. nov., Meteor Bank, SEAMOUNT 2, stn DW180, 30°04,10,N,
28°45,10'W, 1575 m, MNHN;
1-2. body; 3. head with pénis; 4-6. alimentary system.
84
K. Fraussen,Y. Kantor& R. Hadorn Novapex 8 (3-4): 79-101, 10 décembre 2007
nr
85
K I K u ssi N. Y. K. VNTOR& R. IlADORN Amiantqfusus gen. nov.
Southern Ne* Caledonia, Loyalty Ridge: BIOCAJ . abapical end. Omamented with suprasutural spiral
stn DW33.23 10'S, l<>^ lO'l ,675-680m, 1 Iv. cord.
BIOG1 CK M . stn CP232, 21 34'S, 166 27'E, 760-790 Teleoconch consisting of7 1/4 convex whorls.
in. 2 dd ( I juv ). First teleoconch whorl with 2 sharp primary spiral
BATHUS J, stn DW1 (Sponge Bank. Mount B), cords and I additional. fine, subsutural cord. Second
24 S6'S, 168 22'E, 520 m. I dd. - Stn DW7 whorl with a fourth spiral cord partly concealed under
isponge Bank. Mount B). 24 55'S, 168°21'E, 505 m. louer suture. Third whorl with 3 primary cords,
I dd. - Stn DW776 (Mount K). 24°44'S. 170°08'E, adapieal one fmer. and 1 additional. Une, subsutural
770-830 ni. I Iv, 17 dd (12 juv). - Stn DW778 cord. Interspaees broad, omamented with many fine,
(Mount K). 24°43'S. 170°0TE, 750-760 m, 2 Iv (I axial growth lines. Primary spiral cords gradually
juv ). 4 dd (3 juv ). - Stn DW780, 24°46'S, 170°07'E, becoming lower, interspaees with additional fine
850-855 m. I dd juv. - Stn DW781, 23°54'S. secondary spiral cords. Penultimate whorl with 4
169 46'E (Mount J). 625-640 m. 2 dd juv. - Stn strong. convex primary spiral cords, interspaees with
DW786, 23°54'S, 168°49'E, 699-715 m, 37 dd (19 3-5 fine secondary spiral cords, in addition 4 or 5 fine
juv ). - Stn DW787. 23°54'S, 169°48'E (Mount K), subsutural spiral cords.
695-702 m, 1 lv, 2 dd (1 juv). - Stn DW7X9. Body whorl with 9 or 10 primary spiral cords, 3-5,
23°51'S, 169°49'E. 671-674 m. 5 dd (3 juv). - Stn occasionally 6, secondary spiral cords between each
DW790, 23°49'S, 169°48'E, 685-715 m, 15 lv (8juv), adapieal pair of primary cords. 1-4 fine secondary
86 dd (44 juv). - Stn DW793, 23°47'S, 169°49'E, spiral cords between each abapical pair of primary
731-751 m. 3 dd juv. - Stn DW794, 23°48'S, cords. Siphonal canal with some broad spiral cords,
169°49'E. 751-755 m. 4 lvjuv. 24 dd (8juv). - Stn occasionally alternating strong and fine.
DW795, 23°47'S, 169°49'E, 735-755 m, 2 dd. - Stn Ail whorls with 8 or 9 sharp axial ribs, running from
DW800. 23°35'S. 169°37'E (Mount D), 655 m, 1 lv suture to suture. Interspaees twice as broad.
juv. Aperture semi-ovate. Outer lip with 8 internai lirae
MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW438. 20°23'S, 166°20'E, and thick labral varix. Columella with about 9 knobs,
780 m, 3 dd (2 juv). - Stn DW468, 21°06'S, 5 abapical and 2 adapieal ones strong. Callus thin.
167°33'E, 600 m. 1 lv. - Stn DW488, 20°49'S, Siphonal canal short, broad, open.
167°06'E, 800 m, 1 dd. Periostracum thin, rathervelvety, grey-brown.
Yanuatu Islands, Gemini Mountain: VOLSMAR, stn Radula (Figs 17, 22-23) with small, narrow, tricuspid
DW55, 20°59'S, 170°02'E. 710 m, 7 dd (6juv). central tooth with elongate base. Latéral teeth broad.
Tonga Islands: BORDAU 2, stn DW1632, 22°01'S, slightly curved, with 4 major cusps accompagnied by
175°42'W, 613-618 m, 1 lv. a small knob orcusp at both ends.
Operculum (Figs 7 op; 18-21) completely
Distribution and habitat. Amiantqfusus pacifions is transparent, light yellow, very thin, elongate-oval,
known from Taiwan in the north, the Vitiaz Zone of with terminal nucleus, nucleus eroded. Growth lines
north Fiji Basin, the Coral Sea (Nova Bank), offNew very thin, inconspicuous, and numerous. Operculum
Caledonia (Norfolk Ridge, Loyalty Ridge), offVanuatu attached along short oval area (about 1/2 ofoperculum
and offTonga. Bathymétrie range alive in 420-795 m, length) to opercular pad.
empty shells at 364-850 m.
Living on rubble bottoms. Most spécimens collected Anatomy ofA. pacifions sp. nov., a female spécimen
alive arejuvénile. (spire length 21.0 mm, body whorl length 12.0 mm,
apertural length 10.2 mm, siphonal width 8.2 mm)
Description. Shell of médium size (about 26 mm, from Jumeau West Bank, Loyalty Ridge (southern
occasionally up to 43.6 mm), fusiform, slender with New Caledonia), BATHUS 3, stn DW809.
high spire and short siphonal canal. Axial sculpture Body light yellow when preserved, consisting ofabout
dominant on ail whorls. Suture rather deep. Colour 3 1/2 whorls, mantle cavity spanning about 3/4 whorl,
ranging from white to orange. digestive gland about 2 whorls, ovary about 3 upper
Protoconch multispiral consisting of about 3 whorls, whorls (Figs 7-8). Although the body was deeply
shape conical, colour yellow or pale orange. Diameter retracted into the shell, the upper 6 whorls, 3 1/4 of
0.9 mm. Tip eroded. First whorls smooth, glossy. Last which are teleoconch whorls, were not occupied by
1 to 1 1/4 whorl covered with numerous axial riblets, the body, but filled with mucus. Nephridium (Fig. 8 -
at first fine, slightly curved, dense, gradually nep) narrow spanning about 1/5 whorl, préservation
becoming broader. stronger and more curved at precludes studies ofinternai anatomy. Nephridial
Figures 7-13
7-13.Amiantofususpacifiais sp. nov., Jumeau West Bank, Norfolk Ridge, BATHUS 3, stn DW809, 23°39'S,
167°59'E, 650-730 m, MNHN;
7-8. body; 9. mantle cavity; 10-13. alimentary System.
86
K. FRAUSSEN,Y. K.ANTOR& R. H.ADORN NOVAPEX 8 (3-4): 79-101, 10 décembre 2007
hg
et
87
k I R \l ss| \. Y. KANTOR & R 11 \I)()R\ [miantofiisus gen, nov.
gland narrow, with transparent walls. Lobes of the Leiblein long, colorless in preserved condition,
digestive gland fuse without distinct border. The gland tubular, uncoiled. tapering posteriorly, very thin-
occupies the ventral part of the upper whorls of walled. semi-transparent (Figs 10-12 - gL).
\ isceral mass, the border Une between digestive gland Salivary glands very large situated on both sides of
andtheovarj iswavj (Figs7-8). anterior part of rhynchodaeum and the
Foot thick. with subiectangular sole, gradually circumoesophageal nerve ring, completely covering
narrowing posteriorly. Propodium narrow, separated the latter (Figs 10-11 Isg, rsg). Salivary ducts
from metapodium by narrow and shallow propodial leaving the glands and fused with the walls of the
cleft. Ilead small, poorly differentiated from the foot. oesophagus immediately anterior to the valve of
tentacles long, but folded during fixation, conical, Leiblein (Figs 11, 12 - sd). Accessory salivary glands
with distinct light-brown eyes at tentacles bases (Fig. absent. Stomach small, broadly U-shaped, without
8-cept). posterior mixing area (Fig. 13 st). Posterior
Mantle cavity (Fig. 9). Mantle cavity long, its length oesophagus opens into the stomach vetro-posteriorly.
abont 1.5 the width, edge even and thickened when Due to fixation it was impossible to study stomach
animal is contracted. Mantle wall thin, osphradium, anatomy.
ctenidium, palliai gonoduct. and hypobranchial gland The two examined species, A. amiantus and A.
visible by transparency. Siphon with thick and pacifiais sp. nov. are very similar to each other both
contracted walls, short, very slightly extending beyond in radulae and anatomy. The only différence that can
mantle edge. Ctenidium (Fig. 9 et) large, but be mentioned is that A. amiantus has clearly a single
narrow, occupying about 0.9 of mantle length, proboscis retractor, attached nearly ventrally to the
consisting of simple tall triangular lamellae. rhynchodaeum, while A. pacifiais sp. nov. has a
Osphradium twice as wide as ctenidium and 0.6 ofits similar retractor, but attached more laterally on the
length (Fig. 9 - os), asymmetrical, with broad axis. Its right side, while there are additional thin muscle fibers
lamellae on the right side are wider than on the left attached to the rhynchodaeum on the left side and
side, especially in the anterior part in proximity to the probably also functioning as retractors.
mantle edge. Hypobranchial gland indistinct, narrow,
lacking folds, covered with thick mucus layer(Fig. 9 Comparison. Amiantofusus pacifiais sp. nov. exhibits
hg). Rectum narrow, thin-walled, of similar diameter a strong degree of, mostly géographie indicated,
along its length, without terminal papilla. Rectal gland variability. The multispiral protoconch indicates a
absent. planktotrophic development and a wide distribution.
Alimentwy system (Figs 10-13). Proboscis long in This is reflected in the géographie range indeed (from
contracted state (about 4.5 mm, or 0.44 AL), with Taiwan, via North Fiji Basin to northern and southern
smooth walls, occupying entire rhynchocoel length, New Caledonia, southern Coral Sea, Vanuatu and
rhynchodeum semitransparent. Proboscis narrow, Tonga). The bathymétrie range is rather narrow (420-
length about 8 1/2 diameter. Mouth opening broad 795 m). The populations are separated by deeper water,
compared to proboscis diameter, in the shape of causing a certain géographie isolation which is well
dorso-ventrally compressed narrow slit. Proboscis reflected by the différences in shell morphology. A
retractors very thin, attached to the rhynchodaeum numberofintermediates are collected (between most of
laterally in its anterior third (Figs 10-12 - prr). The the forms), évidence that thèse populations are not fully
retractor attached to the right side ofrhynchodaeum is separated entities. Therefore we consider them merely
larger, consists ofsingle muscle, while those, attached as a variant, calling them a form. Hère we use "fonn"
to the left side are thinner and consists offew separate in the common used sensé, instead of the correct
muscle fibers. expression for "fonn", which is "phenon" (Mayr &
Oesophagus leaving proboscis posteriorly is broad but Ashlock, 1991:20).
flattened, forming a rather long loop. Valve of Form A, the "Norfolk Ridge fonn" (fig. 34-35), is
Leiblein large (Fig. 12 -vL), compared to oesophagus rather small and usually has a slightly larger siphonal
diameter. pyriform, the ciliar conical valve is visible canal, the colour ranges from pale orange to bright
through transparency of the walls of the valve. orange.
Oesophagus narrow immediately posteriorto the valve This form lives on the southwestern part of Norfolk
and passing through the nerve ring. Ridge at 500-780 m. Empty shells between 435 and
Circumoesophageal nerve ring comparatively large 850 m.
(Fig. 12 -- nr), concentrated, covered with thick Form B, the "Loyalty Ridge form" (figs 36-37), is
connective-tissue layer. Mid-oesophagus after passing smaller and paler, has sharper knobs on the axial ribs,
through the nerve ring slightly widens and received has usually a higher number of secondary spiral cords
short but broad duct ofthe gland ofLeiblein (Fig. 12 - (4 or5).
dgL). Posterior esophagus (posterior to the opening of This form lives on Loyalty Ridge and has a slightly
the duct ofthe gland of Leiblein) slightly widens, but deeper bathymétrie range at 680-770 m. Empty shells
is very thin - walled, nearly transparent. Gland of between 505 and 850 m.
88