Table Of Content

A M H A R I C SERGE OBOLENSKY DEBEBOW ZELELIE MULUGETA ANDUALEM FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1964 E P A R T M E NT OF S T AT AMHARIC FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES Edited by CARLETON T. HODGE PREFACE This volume is the first of a twO'Volume Basic Course in Amharic, and contains Units 1-50 of the course. The second volume includes Units 51-60, an introduction to the writing system, a Reader, and a Glossary. Amharic, the official language of the Ethiopian Empire, is spoken natively by per­ haps six million people in a small but populous area of the country which includes the capital, Addis Ababa. A member of the Southern Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages, Amharic is steadily gaining importance as it picks up additional speakers through the spread of communications and education within Ethiopia. The linguist in charge of the entire project has been Serge Obolensky, with the assistance of Mr. Debebow Selelie and Mr. Mulugeta Andualem. The Amharic script in the second volume is the work of Mr. Zelelie. Valuable suggestions received from Pro­ fessor Wolf Leslau during the beginning stages of the work are gratefully acknowledged. Howard E. Sollenberger, Dean School of Language and Area Studies Foreign Service Institute Department of State TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface * ill Introduction xv^ Unit 1 Symbols used 1 Basic Sentences 2 Note 1.1 Transcription used 3 1.2 Vowels 1| 1.3 Consonants 7 1.3.1 Plain Consonants 7 1.3.2 G-lottalized Consonants 9 Drills 9 Unit 2 Basic Sentences 12 Note 2.1 Masculine Definite Suffix /-u~-w/ 13 2.2 'and' /-(i)nna/ li+ Drills 15 Unit 3 Basic Sentences 19 Note 3.1 Independent Pronouns 22 3.2 Suffix Pronouns 23 3.2.1 Verb Suffix Pronouns 23 3.3 Loss of Vowels 21). 3.I4. /w/ and /y/ glides 21+ 3.5 Verb 'be' 25 3.6 Formation of Plural 25 3.7 Transitional Vowel /i/ 26 Drills 27 Unit k Basic Sentences 29 Note l+.l Noun Suffix Pronouns 31 I4..2 Amharic equivalents of 'have' and 'have not' ... 32 i|.3 Feminine Definite Suffix /-wa~-(y)itu~-(y)itwa/. 33 k.k Definite Suffix on Modifier 3h Suffix /-(i)n/-Specific Direct Object 35 1+.6 Preposition 35 1+.6.1 Preposition /b(o)-/ and /b9st(o)-/ 35 Drills 36 Unit 5 Basic Sentences 1+3 Note £.1 Verbi Perfective 1+6 5.2 'have' and 'have not' with feminine object. 1+9 5.3 Verb Suffix Pronouns with Perfective 1+9 5.1+ Verb Suffix Pronouns used in apposition ... 51 5.5 Prepositions /k(a)~/, /isk(a)-/ and /1(e)-/ 51 5.5.1 /k(e)-/ 'from' 52 5«5«2 /isk(g)-/ and /iskCe)-...dires/ 'up to', 'to' 52 5.5.3 /l(o)-/ 'for', 'to' 52 5.6 Postpositions /wisT/ and /lay/ combined with prefixes /b(e)-/ or /i-/ 52 5.7 Suffixes /-iyye/ and /-iyyo/ to nouns 53 5.7.1 Definite Suffixes /-iyyew/ and /iyyewa/ ... 53 5.8 Numerals; Ordinals 53 Drills 51+ Narrative 55 Unit 6 Basic Sentences 57 Note 6.1 Relational Prefix /y(©)-/ 59 6.2 Verbi Infinitive 60 6.3 Verbs Imperfective 6l 6.1+ Verb Classification 63 6.1+.1 Regular Three-Radical Verbs 63 6.1+.2 Regular Two-Radical Verbs 65 6.5 Verb* Notation 65 6.6 Postposition /gar~gara/ combined with pre­ fix /kU)-/ 65 6.7 Use of /k(o)-...bsfit/ and /k(e)-/... bohwala/ 66 Drills 66 Narrative 69 Unit 7 Basic Sentences 71 Note 7.1 Verb Suffix Pronouns with Imperfective .... 73 7.2 Equivalents of 'had' and 'had not' 77 Drills 77 Narrative 80 Unit 8 Basic Sentences 8l Note 8.1 Time 82 8.2 Suffix /-(i)m/ 8i| 8.3 Suffix /-(i)ss/ 81+ Drills Qk Narrative 88 Unit 9 Basic Sentences 89 Note 9.1 Imperfective forms connected by /-(i)nna/ .... 92 9.2 Negative Perfective 92 9.3 Short Imperfective 93 9.i| Negative Imperfective 95 9.5 Negative Infinitive 99 Drills 100 Narrative • • • • 103 Unit 10 Basic Sentences 105 Note 10.1 Relational Affixes to Verbs 107 10.1.1 Relational Affix /yU)-- yemmd)-/ in Relative Constructions 107 10.2 Affix /ind(e)-/ 110 10.2.1 /mdU)-/ 'like', etc 110 10.2.2 /mdU)-. . .yalle/ 'such as', etc Ill 10.2.3 /md(a)-/ 'as soon as ' Ill 10.2.Ij. /md(e)-/ with Relative Constructions 'that'.. Ill Drills . .. 112 Narrative 118 Unit 11 Basic Sentences 120 Note 1 1 .1 Verb: Regular Two-Radical Verbs m /-&/ 121 11.2 Verbt G-erund ^ 122 11.3 Verb: Present Perfect 126 ll.il Verb: Past Perfect 127 11.5 Verbi Imperfect (Past) 128 Drills 129 Narrative 132 Unit 12 Basic Sentences 133 Note 12.1 Telling Time 136- 12.2 Verbi Jussive 136 12.3 Verb* Imperative ll+O 12.1+ Relational Affix /iyy(e)-/ with nouns 11+1+ 12.5 Relational Affix /iyy(e)-/ with verbs 11+1+ 12.6 Relational Affix /s (i)-/ li+5 12.7 /abro/ 'both', 'together' ll+7 Drills 11+8 Narrative 153 Unit 13 Basic Sentences 155 Note 13.1 Relational Affixes /l(i)-/ and /-(i)ll(i) (I)11G-/ 158 13.1.-1 /id)-/ with Short Imperfectlve 159 13.1.2 /id)-/ with Short Imperf ective plus /now/ or 159 /nebber/ 159 13.1.3 /-(i)ll(i) (i)lle-/ 159 13.2 Relational Affixes /isk(i)-/ and /isk(e)-/ ... 160 13.2.1 /isk(e)-/ with Relative Constructions 161 Drills 161 Narrative 163 Unit 11+ Basic Sentences 165 Note ll+.l Demonstrative Pronouns 168 11+.2 Noun: Gender 169 11+.3.1 Relational Affix /b(i)-/ 'if 172 11+.3.2 Relational Affix /b(i)-/ 'because' 175 11+.1+ Suffix /-(i)bb(i)V 176 11+.5 Prefix /b(e)-/ with Relative Clauses 178 11+.5.1 /b(o) glze/ 178 11+.5.2 /b(e) KuTir/ 178 •H4..6 /b(e) mikniyat/ 179 11+.7 Relational Affix /sil(e)-~ silsmmd)-/ 179 Drills 180 Narrative 186 Unit 15 Basic Sentences 188 Note 15.1 Verbt /a-/ verbs 189 vli 15.2 Verb: Causatives in /a-/ and /as-/ 190 15.2.1 Causative Verbs in /a-/ 191 15.2.2 Causative Verbs in /as-/ 191 15.3 Passive-Reflexive Verbs 191 l5.i| Classification and Notation 195 15.5 Relational Affix /k(o)-/ with Perfective .... 197 15.5.1 A(G)-/ 'if 197 15.5.2 /k(e)-/ 'since' 198 Drills 198 Narrative 205 Unit 16 Basic Sentences 206 Note 16.1 Relational Affix /mdd)-/ 208 16.2 Pronoun /ras-/ 'self 208 16.3 Regular Pour-Radical Verbs 209 16.i| Three-and Pour-Radical Verbs m /-o-/ 210 16.5 Verb: Noun of Agent 210 16.6 Verb: Noun of Instrument 212 16.7 Use of /wsyim/ and /wsyiss/ 'or' 213 Drills 21i| Narrative 215 Unit 17 Basic Sentences Note 17.1 Verb: Classification Chart I Regular Three-Radical Verbs 222 Chart II Regular Three-Radical /a-/ Verbs 223 Chart III Regular Two-Radical Verbs m /-a/ 2Zl\. Chart IV Regular T\tfo-Radical Verbs m /-&/ 225 Chart V Regular Four-Radical Verbs 226 Drills 227 Narrative 23 0 Unit 18 Basic Sentences 232 Note 18.1 Verbt Use of /yihonal/ 233 18.2 Use of /gsna/ 23i| Drills 235 Narrative 239 Unit 19 Basic Sentences 21+0 Note 19.1 Comparative and Superlative 21+1 Drills 21+3 Narrative 21+5 Unit 20 Basic Sentences 21+7 Note 20.1 Verb Classification, Two-Radical Verbs, types m©la2, m9lo2, m©le2 and m©l©2 21+8 Chart Vl/1 m©la2 250 Chart Vl/2 m©lo2 „ 25l Chart Vl/3 ™8le2 251 Chart VI/1+ m©l©2 252 20.2 Verb: Impersonal Cbnstructions 252 20.3 Verb: Present Perfect of verbs denoting 'state' or 'condition' 253 Drills 255 Narrative 256 Unit 21 Basic Sentences 258 Drills 260 Narrative 26l Unit 22 Basic Sentences 263 Drills 265 Narrative 267 Unit 23 Basic Sentences 268 Note 23.1 Plural Affix /inn(o)-/ 270 23.2 Question Words 271 23.2.1 /man/ 271 23.2.2 /mm/ or /mindin/ 273 23.2.3 /y©t/ 271+ 23.2.1+ /yetu/, /yetiflnaw/ and /manninnaw/ 271+ 23.3 /manninnawim/ or /mannacc©wim/ 275 23.)+ /mannim/ and /minimm/ 275 23.5 /minimm/ with /md©-/ 276 Drills 277 Narrative 278 Unit 21+ Basic Sentences 280 Note 2i|.l Verb: Short form of /madrog/ 283 21+.2 Use of /giddeta/ with /allabb-/, /honQbb-/ and /nobberobb-/ 283 Drills 2Qk Narrative 288 Unit 25 Basic Sentences 291 Note 25.1 Repetition and Reduplication 292 25.1.1 Repetition 293 25.1.2 Partial Reduplication 293 25.1.3 Complete Reduplication 29I4. 25.2 Use of /madrogiya/ 295 Drills 295 Narrative 297 Unit 26 Basic Sentences 300 Note 26.1 Suffix /-(i)nn9t/ 301 26.2 Verb 1 The use of /mGKnat/ 302 Drills 303 Narrative 307 Unit 27 Basic Sentences Note 27.1 Suffix /-©/ m compound words 310 27.2 Plural after numerals 311 Drills 312 Narrative 313 Unit 28 Basic Sentences 315 Note 28.1 Verb: Hypothetical Conditional 317 28.2 Affix /ind(o)-/ with /alia-/ and /hone-/' 318 28.3 Impersonal Verbs 319 Drills 320 Narrative 321+ Unit 29 Basic Sentences 327 Note 29.1 Verb Classification Three-Radical Verbs in /-a-/ 328

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Amharic Basic Course PDF

519 Pages·2009·11.59 MB·English
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A M H A R I C SERGE OBOLENSKY DEBEBOW ZELELIE MULUGETA ANDUALEM FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1964 E P A R T M E NT OF S T AT AMHARIC FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES Edited by CARLETON T. HODGE PREFACE This volume is the first of a twO'Volume Basic Course in Amharic, and contains Units 1-50 of the course. The second volume includes Units 51-60, an introduction to the writing system, a Reader, and a Glossary. Amharic, the official language of the Ethiopian Empire, is spoken natively by per­ haps six million people in a small but populous area of the country which includes the capital, Addis Ababa. A member of the Southern Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages, Amharic is steadily gaining importance as it picks up additional speakers through the spread of communications and education within Ethiopia. The linguist in charge of the entire project has been Serge Obolensky, with the assistance of Mr. Debebow Selelie and Mr. Mulugeta Andualem. The Amharic script in the second volume is the work of Mr. Zelelie. Valuable suggestions received from Pro­ fessor Wolf Leslau during the beginning stages of the work are gratefully acknowledged. Howard E. Sollenberger, Dean School of Language and Area Studies Foreign Service Institute Department of State TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface * ill Introduction xv^ Unit 1 Symbols used 1 Basic Sentences 2 Note 1.1 Transcription used 3 1.2 Vowels 1| 1.3 Consonants 7 1.3.1 Plain Consonants 7 1.3.2 G-lottalized Consonants 9 Drills 9 Unit 2 Basic Sentences 12 Note 2.1 Masculine Definite Suffix /-u~-w/ 13 2.2 'and' /-(i)nna/ li+ Drills 15 Unit 3 Basic Sentences 19 Note 3.1 Independent Pronouns 22 3.2 Suffix Pronouns 23 3.2.1 Verb Suffix Pronouns 23 3.3 Loss of Vowels 21). 3.I4. /w/ and /y/ glides 21+ 3.5 Verb 'be' 25 3.6 Formation of Plural 25 3.7 Transitional Vowel /i/ 26 Drills 27 Unit k Basic Sentences 29 Note l+.l Noun Suffix Pronouns 31 I4..2 Amharic equivalents of 'have' and 'have not' ... 32 i|.3 Feminine Definite Suffix /-wa~-(y)itu~-(y)itwa/. 33 k.k Definite Suffix on Modifier 3h Suffix /-(i)n/-Specific Direct Object 35 1+.6 Preposition 35 1+.6.1 Preposition /b(o)-/ and /b9st(o)-/ 35 Drills 36 Unit 5 Basic Sentences 1+3 Note £.1 Verbi Perfective 1+6 5.2 'have' and 'have not' with feminine object. 1+9 5.3 Verb Suffix Pronouns with Perfective 1+9 5.1+ Verb Suffix Pronouns used in apposition ... 51 5.5 Prepositions /k(a)~/, /isk(a)-/ and /1(e)-/ 51 5.5.1 /k(e)-/ 'from' 52 5«5«2 /isk(g)-/ and /iskCe)-...dires/ 'up to', 'to' 52 5.5.3 /l(o)-/ 'for', 'to' 52 5.6 Postpositions /wisT/ and /lay/ combined with prefixes /b(e)-/ or /i-/ 52 5.7 Suffixes /-iyye/ and /-iyyo/ to nouns 53 5.7.1 Definite Suffixes /-iyyew/ and /iyyewa/ ... 53 5.8 Numerals; Ordinals 53 Drills 51+ Narrative 55 Unit 6 Basic Sentences 57 Note 6.1 Relational Prefix /y(©)-/ 59 6.2 Verbi Infinitive 60 6.3 Verbs Imperfective 6l 6.1+ Verb Classification 63 6.1+.1 Regular Three-Radical Verbs 63 6.1+.2 Regular Two-Radical Verbs 65 6.5 Verb* Notation 65 6.6 Postposition /gar~gara/ combined with pre­ fix /kU)-/ 65 6.7 Use of /k(o)-...bsfit/ and /k(e)-/... bohwala/ 66 Drills 66 Narrative 69 Unit 7 Basic Sentences 71 Note 7.1 Verb Suffix Pronouns with Imperfective .... 73 7.2 Equivalents of 'had' and 'had not' 77 Drills 77 Narrative 80 Unit 8 Basic Sentences 8l Note 8.1 Time 82 8.2 Suffix /-(i)m/ 8i| 8.3 Suffix /-(i)ss/ 81+ Drills Qk Narrative 88 Unit 9 Basic Sentences 89 Note 9.1 Imperfective forms connected by /-(i)nna/ .... 92 9.2 Negative Perfective 92 9.3 Short Imperfective 93 9.i| Negative Imperfective 95 9.5 Negative Infinitive 99 Drills 100 Narrative • • • • 103 Unit 10 Basic Sentences 105 Note 10.1 Relational Affixes to Verbs 107 10.1.1 Relational Affix /yU)-- yemmd)-/ in Relative Constructions 107 10.2 Affix /ind(e)-/ 110 10.2.1 /mdU)-/ 'like', etc 110 10.2.2 /mdU)-. . .yalle/ 'such as', etc Ill 10.2.3 /md(a)-/ 'as soon as ' Ill 10.2.Ij. /md(e)-/ with Relative Constructions 'that'.. Ill Drills . .. 112 Narrative 118 Unit 11 Basic Sentences 120 Note 1 1 .1 Verb: Regular Two-Radical Verbs m /-&/ 121 11.2 Verbt G-erund ^ 122 11.3 Verb: Present Perfect 126 ll.il Verb: Past Perfect 127 11.5 Verbi Imperfect (Past) 128 Drills 129 Narrative 132 Unit 12 Basic Sentences 133 Note 12.1 Telling Time 136- 12.2 Verbi Jussive 136 12.3 Verb* Imperative ll+O 12.1+ Relational Affix /iyy(e)-/ with nouns 11+1+ 12.5 Relational Affix /iyy(e)-/ with verbs 11+1+ 12.6 Relational Affix /s (i)-/ li+5 12.7 /abro/ 'both', 'together' ll+7 Drills 11+8 Narrative 153 Unit 13 Basic Sentences 155 Note 13.1 Relational Affixes /l(i)-/ and /-(i)ll(i) (I)11G-/ 158 13.1.-1 /id)-/ with Short Imperfectlve 159 13.1.2 /id)-/ with Short Imperf ective plus /now/ or 159 /nebber/ 159 13.1.3 /-(i)ll(i) (i)lle-/ 159 13.2 Relational Affixes /isk(i)-/ and /isk(e)-/ ... 160 13.2.1 /isk(e)-/ with Relative Constructions 161 Drills 161 Narrative 163 Unit 11+ Basic Sentences 165 Note ll+.l Demonstrative Pronouns 168 11+.2 Noun: Gender 169 11+.3.1 Relational Affix /b(i)-/ 'if 172 11+.3.2 Relational Affix /b(i)-/ 'because' 175 11+.1+ Suffix /-(i)bb(i)V 176 11+.5 Prefix /b(e)-/ with Relative Clauses 178 11+.5.1 /b(o) glze/ 178 11+.5.2 /b(e) KuTir/ 178 •H4..6 /b(e) mikniyat/ 179 11+.7 Relational Affix /sil(e)-~ silsmmd)-/ 179 Drills 180 Narrative 186 Unit 15 Basic Sentences 188 Note 15.1 Verbt /a-/ verbs 189 vli 15.2 Verb: Causatives in /a-/ and /as-/ 190 15.2.1 Causative Verbs in /a-/ 191 15.2.2 Causative Verbs in /as-/ 191 15.3 Passive-Reflexive Verbs 191 l5.i| Classification and Notation 195 15.5 Relational Affix /k(o)-/ with Perfective .... 197 15.5.1 A(G)-/ 'if 197 15.5.2 /k(e)-/ 'since' 198 Drills 198 Narrative 205 Unit 16 Basic Sentences 206 Note 16.1 Relational Affix /mdd)-/ 208 16.2 Pronoun /ras-/ 'self 208 16.3 Regular Pour-Radical Verbs 209 16.i| Three-and Pour-Radical Verbs m /-o-/ 210 16.5 Verb: Noun of Agent 210 16.6 Verb: Noun of Instrument 212 16.7 Use of /wsyim/ and /wsyiss/ 'or' 213 Drills 21i| Narrative 215 Unit 17 Basic Sentences Note 17.1 Verb: Classification Chart I Regular Three-Radical Verbs 222 Chart II Regular Three-Radical /a-/ Verbs 223 Chart III Regular Two-Radical Verbs m /-a/ 2Zl\. Chart IV Regular T\tfo-Radical Verbs m /-&/ 225 Chart V Regular Four-Radical Verbs 226 Drills 227 Narrative 23 0 Unit 18 Basic Sentences 232 Note 18.1 Verbt Use of /yihonal/ 233 18.2 Use of /gsna/ 23i| Drills 235 Narrative 239 Unit 19 Basic Sentences 21+0 Note 19.1 Comparative and Superlative 21+1 Drills 21+3 Narrative 21+5 Unit 20 Basic Sentences 21+7 Note 20.1 Verb Classification, Two-Radical Verbs, types m©la2, m9lo2, m©le2 and m©l©2 21+8 Chart Vl/1 m©la2 250 Chart Vl/2 m©lo2 „ 25l Chart Vl/3 ™8le2 251 Chart VI/1+ m©l©2 252 20.2 Verb: Impersonal Cbnstructions 252 20.3 Verb: Present Perfect of verbs denoting 'state' or 'condition' 253 Drills 255 Narrative 256 Unit 21 Basic Sentences 258 Drills 260 Narrative 26l Unit 22 Basic Sentences 263 Drills 265 Narrative 267 Unit 23 Basic Sentences 268 Note 23.1 Plural Affix /inn(o)-/ 270 23.2 Question Words 271 23.2.1 /man/ 271 23.2.2 /mm/ or /mindin/ 273 23.2.3 /y©t/ 271+ 23.2.1+ /yetu/, /yetiflnaw/ and /manninnaw/ 271+ 23.3 /manninnawim/ or /mannacc©wim/ 275 23.)+ /mannim/ and /minimm/ 275 23.5 /minimm/ with /md©-/ 276 Drills 277 Narrative 278 Unit 21+ Basic Sentences 280 Note 2i|.l Verb: Short form of /madrog/ 283 21+.2 Use of /giddeta/ with /allabb-/, /honQbb-/ and /nobberobb-/ 283 Drills 2Qk Narrative 288 Unit 25 Basic Sentences 291 Note 25.1 Repetition and Reduplication 292 25.1.1 Repetition 293 25.1.2 Partial Reduplication 293 25.1.3 Complete Reduplication 29I4. 25.2 Use of /madrogiya/ 295 Drills 295 Narrative 297 Unit 26 Basic Sentences 300 Note 26.1 Suffix /-(i)nn9t/ 301 26.2 Verb 1 The use of /mGKnat/ 302 Drills 303 Narrative 307 Unit 27 Basic Sentences Note 27.1 Suffix /-©/ m compound words 310 27.2 Plural after numerals 311 Drills 312 Narrative 313 Unit 28 Basic Sentences 315 Note 28.1 Verb: Hypothetical Conditional 317 28.2 Affix /ind(o)-/ with /alia-/ and /hone-/' 318 28.3 Impersonal Verbs 319 Drills 320 Narrative 321+ Unit 29 Basic Sentences 327 Note 29.1 Verb Classification Three-Radical Verbs in /-a-/ 328

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