America’s Highways, 1776-1976: A History of the Federal-Aid Program

559 Pages·1977·144.035 MB·English

by  United States. Federal Highway Administration

ame,iliheiai"9:al� h:w aya
A HISTOORFYT HEF EDERALP-RAOIGDR AM
U.SD.E PARTMEONFTT RANSPORTATION
FederHailg hwAadym inistratia
_ ______ ____
______:::._:_______:
Fosra lbeyt hSeu perintoefDn odceunmteU n.tSGs.o, v ernPmreinntOt fifnigc e
WashinDg.tC2o.0n 4,0 2
StoNcok0. 5 0-001-00123-3
Notice
Wherseo urkcneosw tnob ec ovebryer de gisctoepryerdhi agvhbete en
quotiendt hibso otkh,ne a moef t hceo pyriogwhntei rsi ncluidnte hde
refereAnncyeo .m issairouenn si ntenatniddo onn aolat ff etchtve a lidity
oft hceo pyright.
Thei dentifi(ciawntr iiotnii nnpg h,o togroarip ndh rsa,w inogfis t)e ms
ofe quipmbeynt tr ademoarrb kyms a nufactnuarmeiers f' oshr i storical
accuroanclayyn dd oenso cto nstainte untdeo rsbeymt ehnUet. SG.o vernment
oft heeq uipmoertn htme a nufacturer.
II
Preface
Thibso ohka bse ewnr itftoearnw idedliyv ersifisecdr iipntm so,si tn stahnacvebese ,e end itteomd a ke
audience-thosien t ihnegte enreehrsiatslet odof r y thibso oakr easonablbeu ttlh eoenr gitghi,n al manu­
ourN atiohni'gsh waanydts h owsheo sien temriegshtt s criaprtesa vailianbt lheeU .SD.e partmoefn t
bem ornea rrocwolnyfi nteomd a ttreerlsa ttiotn hge TransporLtiabtrifaoronfyr u tusrceh oltaorr esv iew.
technaiscpaeloc fth si ghwtarya nsporIttah taiso nI.na ddittioto hno lsies bteeldo mwa,n oyt hearsss isted
beepnr epairnet dw op arts-IP adretaw list thh e int hper eparoaftt ihoibnso oikn,p articMualrayr
broasdu bjoefch ti ghwhaiys tforroycm o londiaayls JoB urkaen dV erlRa.C oookf t hDee partomfe nt
forwatrotd h e hihsitgohrwilacey g isloaf1t 9i5o6n; T ransporLtiabtriatoroany s ,s uahr ies taoscr oym plete
ParItI d easlesp araatnedil nsy o mdee tawiiltt hh e asp ossible.
several ofar reesapso nsfiobrial dimtiyn istration,
ChaunAcledyr ich HenrHy. M ahier
plannainndrg e seadrecsh,ic, o nstrauncdtm iaoi-nn
gn JameAs.B loom MartFi.nM aloney
tenaoncfhe i ghwaanydsb ridgbeostf,ho reaingdn
FranLk.C alhoun E.J .M artJirn.,
domesatsia cu thoruinzdeetdrh eF ederhailg hway
CarAl. C arpenterK ennoNna kamura
legislation.
Willi0a.Cm o mellaB arbaMr.Na e ilson
Ther eadweirln lo tteh ceh anging rteotf heer ence
HowarDd.C orrellJ ohDn. O 'Fallon
namoef t hFee deruanlia ts seidr esponsfiobri lity
gn F.WilliCarmo n S.Z .P hillips
thea dministorfta htFeie odne rahli-gahiwdpa ryo ­
CharDl.eC su rtissCharWl.eP sr isk
gram-tohrei gOiffniaoclfe R oaIdn quitrhByeu, r eau
PhilDlairpl ing JoycNe.R itter
ofP ublRioca dtsh,eP ublRioca dAsd ministration,
MichDaeeSl t ephanEilsizaSbaemtsho n
agaitnh eB ureoafuP ublRioca dasn,dfi naltlhye
MartDienu termanGordBo.nS harpe
FederHailg hwAadym inistrTahteiscoehn a.n gine s
Thoma0s.E dick C.L.S hufflebarger
organiztaittailroecen h roniicnCl headp tIe,Pr a rItI
H.DeaFnr avel C.A.S teele
whiccho vetrhsep rograadmm inistration through
RobeBr.tG air JosephCi.Sn wee eney
thyee ars.
A.F .G higlione E.A .S wick
Biographical oinan f feowkr emiyan tdiiovni duals
vVillGirsa fe A.Taragin
habse einn cluadtte hdee n odf P arIta ndi ns elected
chaptoefPr asr ItI w hereea cmha n'cso ntribiust ioEn. HHo.l mes A.ClaysToany lor
direcretllayt Tehden. u mbearrspe u rpolsiemliyt edJ,o hBn. K emp WilliPa."\m i\Ta lker
andm anhyu ndroefdd se dicaantdce odm petienndti ­ RosvsV K.ru ser YorWke lborn
vidugaolu sn recognized. C.V.K urylo M.SusaWni ley
Manyf ormaenrd c urreenmtp loyheaevsce o n­ LestPe.Lr a mm GeorMg.eW illiams
tributteexfdto orr r evietwheibdso okT.h em anu- D.V{L.o utzenheiBs.DeiranWniel liford
IU
foreword
Thee conomic 0g£tr hoUewn tiht Setda tients h e
20y0e a0r£si tesx istaenndtc here e co0r£id n dividual
prosperityb yia tcpshe ioepivlnete dh abtr ipeefr iod
0£t imaer aet tribtuott ahbselu ec c0e£st sh ter ans­
portatsiyosntd eemv elodpuerdi tnhga pte riod-a
systaelmm otsott adlelpye ndoennt th eN ation's
highways.
Thibso ohka bse ewnr itttoer ne cofrodpr o sterity
thes tor0y£h ighwdaeyv elopimnet nhteU nited
Statbeesg,i ninnit nhegea ryleya 0r£st hnee wN ation
ande xpandwiinttghh ger owicnogu natsri ytm oved
inttohu en devealroepwaeesds0 t£t hoer igcionlaoln ial
Stataensdu, l timaetveollyvi innttgoh Fee deral-aid
highwparyo grianmw hicthh eS tataen dF ederal
Governmheanvtweso rkceodo peraatnidsv ueclcye ss­
ful£loytr h pea s6t0y earIsti. s a p rousdt oarnyd
onteh asth oublerd e corded.
Theb oowki lmla kaev ail£aobfrlu et uhrieg hway
transporotffiactiaia dolonsc ument0a£et airoldni ee­r
cisiaonndes x periwehnicceuhsp,t ot hitsi mhea,v e
beeanv ailoanblliyen s cattwerrietdi onrgi nst he
indivikdnuoawll eadngdre e colle0c£mt ainoyno sf
thoisnev oldvierde citntl hyeF ederahli-gahiwda y
progrdaumr itnhgi pse ri0o£dd evelopamnedn t
whoseex periheanvcneeo spt r eviobueserlney c orded.
OurN atiwoinlc lo ntitnogu reo awn dt op rogress,
ando urt ransporstyasttiweoimnl c lo ntrimbau­te
teritaolwlaytr hdao tb jective.
NorbeTr.Tt i emann
FederHailg hwAadym inistrator
1976
IV
Content,
PoOrnte I
TheC olonLieagla- c-y- ------------------2- --------------
2
EarlTyu rnpiEkrea- --------------------8- --------------
3
EarlFye deAriadlf oRro adasn dC ana_l_s_ ________1_6_ ____
.,4
TheA ge0 £S tea-m- -------------------2-8- ---------------
5
TheG ooRdo adMso veme-n-t- ---------------3-6- ----------
6
Dawn0 £t hMeo toArg e- ------------------5-4- ------------
7
TheB eginn0i£Sn cgi enRtoiafdibcu i_l_d_i_n_g_ _____64_ ____
8
TheD rifvoeF re deral- --A-i-d- ------------8-0- ----------
9
PlannaiH nigg hwSayys te-m- ---------------9-0- ----------
10
TheH ighway -B-o-o-m- ---------------1-1-2- -------------
11
Road£so Nra tioDneafle -n-s-e- ------------1-4-2- ----------
1
2
EvenLtesa ditnogE nactm0e£nt th e1 95F6e deral-Aid
HighwAacy-t - --------------------1--5-4- ---------------
V
Part IT wo
Adminisotftr haFete idoenr aPlr-oAgir_da_ m_ _____1_9_8_ ___
2
FinaannceEd c ono-m-i-c-s- ------------2-3-8- -------------
3
Plann-i-n-g- -------------------2-6-4- --------------------
,4
Research-------------------3-2-0- -------------------------
5
Right-oafn-EdWn avyi ro-n-m-e-n-t- -------3-5-4- ---------
6
Desi-g-n--------------------------------3--8--0-- ---------
7
Bridges-------------------------------4--1--8-- -----------
8
ConstrauncMdta iionnt e-n-a-n-c-e- --------4-4-4- ----------
9
Develoopfmt ehInent t erPsrtoagtrea m _______4_6_6_ _________
IQ
Constriunct thFieeo dne Droamla _i_n_ _________4_8_6_ ______
11
Internationa-l- -O-p-e-r-a-t-i-o-n-s- ----5-1-8- ------------
EpiloguSeu-cTchSeets o-sr- y- ------------5-4-2- ----------
HighwRaeyl aLteegdi s-l-a-t-i-o-n- -------5-4-6- ----------
PictCurreed- i-t-s------------------5-4-8- -----------------
VI Ind-e-x-------------------------5-5-1- --------------------

The
Colonial
Legacy
TheI ndicaann oe.
2
TheW ilderneRsosa d.
They ounNga titohna etm ergferodm t hWea ro f WildernReosastd h rouCguhm berlGaanpld,o cated
Indepenhdaedanw ceea gko vernamnedanp tr imitibvyeD aniBeolo nien1 77w5a,ss ucahp actkr ail.*
transporstyasttiTeohmne.r ivearnsdt hes heltereGde nerBarla ddomcikl'ist raoraycd o,n striunc ted
coaswtaatles rusca,hs L onIgs laSnodu nCdh,e sapea1k7e5 w5a,s c hoppoeudtt o a widtohf1 2f eet-wide
Baya ndA lbemaSroluenw de,r teh per inchiipgahl­ enoutgohp astsh ter aoifn1 5C0o nestwoaggaoi nns
wayfso trr avaenldc ommerEcxet.e ndbiancfgkr om a single fibly1e 7-5bi8uth t a dr everttoae tdr ace
these awretrreeor aiidenssv arisotuasgo efds e velopt­hroutghhfe o reTshte.o thmeari tnr ansmountain
mentA. verfye wo ft hesnee,at rh lea rgceistti erso,a tdh,eP ennsylRvoaandhi,aa db eewni deniend
wer"ea rtirfiocaidadsli, t"c ahnedds ometihmaersd ­175d8u ritnhgeF renacnhd I ndiWaanr to pass
surfawcietdh gorraw viet"lhp ounsdteodn eT.h"e GeneJroahlFn o rbweasg'o tnr aibnuswt,a so therwise
reswte riem proovneldty o t heex teonfrt e movinugn improved.
stumapnsdb ouldaenrldse vetlhiweno gr isrtr egulari­
tieosft heg rounMda.n yo ft hersoea wdes riem ­
passafbolwreh eeled ivnew hiinctolerder us r ing the
spritnhga wT.r avelers crossbeyfd o rsdm­al*lH owsetv,rea er Kaenmtsu chkiys tohraisac na lltehdeW ilderness
inagn dt hlea rgoenreb syf erriBersi.d wgeersfe e w Road". .a. mo numetnott hes kiolflB oonaes a practical
andf abre tween. engineaenrd s urveyIotrr qe.u iread m inodf f arm orteh an
ordincaarlyi tboelr o catther gohu moret hatnw oh undred
Ont hfer inogfse est tletmh"eern ota,wd esr"re e ally
mileosfm ountawiinl deran weasyso ft ravwehli ,cf hora
only horusnespuaittfhaoswbr,hl eee vleehdi cTlhees .h undryeeda r,hs asr emainpreadc tiyc uanlclhgaend. .".1 .
3
Cabfleer orvye trh Ceo lorRaidvoeI rn.t heea rdlayy tsh,im se thwoadsf requeunstetldocy r orsisv ers.
Wintterra voevlerp rimitive trail.
Oneo ft hefi rsrto asdi ginn sA mericar--hieroong lyphics
Bassreotc nke,a Wra shinUgttaohn.,
4