Americans in Sumatra PDF
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Recently published: James W. Gould SCRIPPS COLLEGE AND CLAREMONT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Americans • In Sumatra THE HAGUE MARTINUS NIJHOFF MARTINUS NI]HOFF PUBLISHER THE HAGUE Sumatra is one of the largest islands in the world. Its 166,789 square mile area exceeds that of the third largest American state, California, and is larger than Italy. Lying athwart the shortest sea routes from Eastern Asia to Europe and the Eastern United States, its 1050 mile length is almost divided by the equator, which runs across it for 285 miles. Sumatra has always been of immense economic importance. Having offered spices, incense and gold since time immemorial, it now produces over one-third of the world's rubber. One-sixth of its tin comes from islands off its shore. 1961. VII and 185 pages. roy. 8vo. Guilders 14.25 Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I I I The Growing Interdependence of S1unatra and the United States I873 to the Present Political Interests at the start of the Atjeh War 4 West Coast Exports to the U.S. II Cassia. . . . . . 14 Rattan. . . . . 15 Nutmeg and Mace 16 Damar. . . . . 16 Benzoin. . . . . 17 Other West-Coast Products 18 Eastern Sumatra Imports to the United States. 18 Native Agricultural Products Imported From Sumatra's East Coast. 23 Gambir. . 25 Sago . . . 26 Patchouli . 26 Dragon's Blood 27 Other Native Products of the East Coast 27 Modern Plantation Crops of the East Coast of Sumatra 27 Palm Oil . . 32 Hard Fibers. 33 Tea . . . . 35 Naval Stores. 35 The Interdependence of the United States and Sumatra. 36 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHER - THE HAGUE II I Black Gold - The History of American Enterprise ~n In donesian Oil Development American-; Establish the Kerosene Trade 41 Americans Develop the First Sumatran Oil . 45 Standard Tries to get Sumatran Production. 47 Dissolution of Standard and Founding of N.K.P.M. 52 The American Government steps into the Djambi Oil Dispute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Prewar Development by American Oil Firms. 62 World War II .......... . 66 The Americans Return after the War. 68 The Development of Central Sumatra. 71 Benefits to Indonesia. . . . . . . 75 Activities of Other American Firms. 77 Prospects for the Future . . . . . 79 III / Wealth from Trees - The History of American Enterprise in Indonesian Rubber Early Imports of Rubber from Sumatra. 81 Earliest American ventures in Rubber. . . . . . . 82 U.S. Rubber creates the World's Largest Plantation 84 U.S. Rubber Pioneers in Scientific Production of Rubber 87 Rubber during World War I. . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 Four Other American companies join U.S. Rubber in Sumatra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91 The Flag Follows Trade: A Consulate opened at Medan. 95 Rubber Restriction. . 97 The Great Depression. . . 102 World War II. . . . . . 103 Postwar Re-Establishment. 105 Since the Korean War . 108 Prospects for the Future . II 0 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHER THE HAGUE IV I American Contributions to Education, Religiolts and Secular The Martyrdom of Munson and Lyman, 1834 . . . . . . II2 Reopening of American Mission Work in Sumatra . . . . II7 The Seventh-Day Adventists Start the First Permanent Work. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Methodist Educational Work before World War II . 121 Non-Religious Educational Work by Americans 124 Pre-War Work of Other Religious Groups. 125 World-War II and its aftermath. 127 Since Independence, 1949. . . . 130 Recent Non-Religious Education. 133 v I Scholar - Adventurers Thomas Horsfield . . 136 American Navy Exploration Expeditions . 137 First American Exploration of the Interior 138 The Great Animal Collectors. 142 Astronomers in the Antipodes 143 Americans in Batakland. . . 147 Interwar Researches . . . . 149 Postwar American Scholar-Visitors. 158 American Writings on Sumatra 161 Index .. 172 One gullder = abo $ 0.278 = abo 2 sh = env. N.F. 1,36 = ca. DMW 1.11 Obtainable through any bookseller or direct from the publisher AMERICANS IN SUMATRA AMERICANS IN SUMATRA JAMES W. GOULD Associate Professor of History and International Relations Scripps College and Claremont University College THE HAGUE MAR TINUS NI]HOFF 1961 ISBN 978-94-011-8195-2 ISBN 978-94-011-8846-3 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-94-011-8846-3 Copyright I96I by Martinus Nijhotf. The Hague. Netherlands All rights reserved. including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . I I I The Growing Interdependence ot Sumatra and the United States I873 to the Present Political Interests at the start of the Atjeh War 4 West Coast Exports to the U.S. II Cassia. . . . . . 14 Rattan ..... 15 Nutmeg and Mace 16 Damar .... . 16 Benzoin .... . 17 Other West-Coast Products 18 Eastern Sumatra Imports to the United States. 18 Native Agricultural Products Imported From Sumatra's East Coast. 23 Gambir. 25 Sago .. 26 Patchouli 26 Dragon's Blood 27 Other Native Products of the East Coast 27 Modern Plantation Crops of the East Coast of Sumatra 27 Palm Oil .. 32 Hard Fibers . 33 Tea 35 Naval Stores. 35 The Interdependence of the United States and Sumatra. 36 VI CONTENTS II i Black Gold - The History of American Enterprise zn In donesian Oil Development Americans Establish the Kerosene Trade 41 Americans Develop the First Sumatran Oil . 45 Standard Tries to get Sumatran Production. 47 Dissolution of Standard and Founding of N.K.P.M. 52 The American Government steps into the Djambi Oil Dispute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Prewar Development by American Oil Firms. 62 World War II .......... . 66 The Americans Return after the War . 68 The Development of Central Sumatra. 71 Benefits to Indonesia. . . . . . . 75 Activities of Other American Firms. 77 Prospects for the Future . . . . . 79 III I Wealth from Trees - The History of American Enterprise in Indonesian Rubber Early Imports of Rubber from Sumatra. 81 Earliest American ventures in Rubber. . 82 u.S. Rubber creates the World's Largest Plantation 84 U.S. Rubber Pioneers in Scientific Production of Rubber 87 Rubber during World War I. . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Four Other American companies join U.S. Rubber in Sumatra .................... . 91 The Flag Follows Trade: A Consulate opened at Medan. 95 Rubber Restriction. . 97 The Great Depression. . . 102 World War II ..... . 103 Postwar Re-Estab lishmen t. 105 Since the Korean War . 108 Prospects for the Future . lIO CONTENTS VII IV / American Contributions to Education, Religious and Secular The Martyrdom of Munson and Lyman, 1834 . . . . . . II2 Reopening of American Mission Work in Sumatra . . .. II7 The Seventh-Day Adventists Start the First Permanent Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Methodist Educational Work before World War II . 121 Non-Religious Educational Work by Americans 124 Pre-War Work of Other Religious Groups. 125 World-War II and its aftermath. 127 Since Independence, 1949. . . . 130 Recent Non-Religious Education. 133 v / Scholar - Adventurers Thomas Horsfield . . 136 American Navy Exploration Expeditions . 137 First American Exploration of the Interior 138 The Great Animal Collectors. 142 Astronomers in the Antipodes 143 Americans in Batakland. . . 147 Interwar Researches . . . . 149 Postwar American Scholar-Visitors. 158 American Writings on Sumatra 161 Index . .......... . 172
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