American Sign Language - BarCharts QuickStudy Guides

4 Pages·2004·1.85 MB·

by  Adan R. Penilla II

BarCharts,Inc.® WORLD’S #1ACADEMIC OUTLINE
n AAmmeerriiccaann
SSiiggnn LLaanngguuaaggee
ALPHABET A THE CONDITION
r
n Hand one Cwrites woith is then dominadnt handition
a
n Other hand is passive
l n Dominance Condition: Passive hand in unmarked shape when signing
n Symmetry Condition: Both hands in same shape moving alternately or in
p the same direction
k
a b c d e f g
s
h
a Unmarked Handshapes
h i j wk l m n
b
d NAME SIGNS
n Date back to 19th century
e Arbitrary
n Used for identification
n Arbitrary Name Signs(ANS)
o p q r s t
• Uses manual alphabet (can be two letters - must be signed with double motion)
t
• Sign located on body or in front of signer
• Short/double letter names may not have name signs
m
n Descriptive Name Signs(DNS)
• Depict Dinformeatiosn abcout rperisonpalityt/phiysivcal ceharacteristics
• Signed with double movement
u v w x y z • Proper names need to be introduced before a name sign is used
LEARNING ASL Chair We
T
GENERAL RULES
nRVerbshauve a singlle moetion s
e
n Verbs are not mouthed; mouth movement is used
to express adjectives and adverbs Plane Fly
P
n Nounshave a double motion a
n Adjectivescan be incorporated into the noun
n When a noun acts as an adLjective, the word order Teach + Agent = Fly +i Agent =
S cTeacher Pilot
does not change; for example: grass skirt, health
l
chart, fruit juice e t VERBS
n Adverbscan be incorporated into the verb o hn In ASL, verbs take on differento functions
n The adverb will always anaswer the question of n For example, with multidirectional verbs, the sign
Store Sell
how the verb was performed r eis made toward the direction oft the referent:
n ASL is high contextual; rthe person doing the AGENTS e
action needs to be identified--an explanation of
how the subject and circumnstances come together n To personify a sign, add r
an agentafter the sign
before the action (verb) occurs
n English is low contextual -i a prior knowledge of n Pbyer ssloidniinfigc athtieo nh eeisl odf othnee
the subject is not necessary; therefore, English
g hands down the side of S
can be spoken in a passive ntense while ASL is in
the body from chest to
an active tense waist t
We were defeated We defeated them
n Nouns are signed with a dgouble motion(tapped n Also known as a marker
twice); verbs are signed with a single - motion; Agent LOCATIVE VERBS a
Agent
nouns are usually "mouthed" or pronounced; The action is signed on the location of the referent
General Hurt left arm n
verbs are not. Some examples:
D
d
S
r
i i
v n
i
e
t g
Preach + Agent = Drive + Agentr = Hurt left arm Standing on
Chair Sit preacher Driver surface
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LEARNING ASL CONT. s If the signer is asking a rhetorical question, the head - It is signed with the head slightly shaking "no"
Twill be tilted to the side or forward, eyebrows up and the mouth is usually openedN
RECIPROCAL VERBS s Sometimes it takes a more fluent signer to
The signer uses both understand that the question is rhetorical
hands in the same rn Time Indicator Sentences o
• These sentences start with time verbs
hand shape; one
u• If time is not signed at the beginning of the
hand represents the
sentence, it should be placed as close to the subject t
signer while the
as possible (in ASL the subject will be at the
other hand represents Look at each other ebeginning of the sentence)
the addRresseeeciprocal • Some time adverbsare: now, soon, tomorrow, next
year, last summer and recently Y
• The time indicator will allow the addressee to
understand if the sentence is past, present, or future
e
n Conditional Sentences
• Like the topic/comment, conditional sentences are Not yet
Conditional
stated in two parts
• Temporal Aspect t
• Conditional sentences must have the condition first
s Found in the predicate of a sentence, as verbs
• The comment will always be about the referent in the come after the noun in ASL
Exchange info condition (the first part)
s Tells how the action is performed
NEGATION AND AFFIRMATION • Generally, conditional sentences are futuristic s Also explains how the action is signed in reference
• When signing the condition, eyebrows are raised; they to time
n When the sign "not" is put at the end of a will be lowered (with comment about the condition)
sentence, negation is added n Simple Sentence Structure
n Sometimes the head shaking "no" also will be • This short sentence can use any word order L
signed with "not" • A simple sentence will have a subject (referent) and
n Affirmation is usually verb (action concerning the referent)
done with the signer n Adverbial Time Indicators o
making a statement then Present
signing "will" at the end
of the sentence recent far oLook at- over time Look at- regularity
future future future
n The head nodding
slightly backward and Adverbial Time
forward with the k
eyebrows raised are also far past recent
appropriate nonmanual Not past past

markers
• In ASL, adverbial time indicators are placed at the
n One can also sign "true" at the end of the sentence beginning of the sentence, or as close to the subject a
while using such non-manual markers as a head
as possible
Nnod weith tigght lipsa (to emtphasiizeo a statenment) • In English, adverbs are placed in any part of the Look at- Look at-
t
sentence S long time repeatedly
• In ASL, time indicators qualify (measure) time
expected or time expired • Indexing
e
• Signs behind the body refer to the past s Pronouns in ASL can be signed by pointing to a
• Signs directly in front of the body refer to the referent; this is also called indexing
present, today or now n s Indexing can be done with the finger, a head nod,
• Signs extended in front of the signer refer to the or eye gazing (visual indexing)
future; like the signs which are extended behind the • Possessive Pronouns
body for the past, the extension otf the arm s Singular
determines the degree of how far past or how far into - To express possessive pronouns, an open hand
e
the future toward the referent will indicate his, hers
True Will • Facial expression will assist the time indicator - A hand on one’s chest will indicate mine
• Finish/Not Yet n s Plural possessive is shown with the open hand
SENTENCE STRUCTURE s "Finish" allows the addressee to understand the Intowardd one reeferent;x the hanid mnakes ag sweeping
There are several sentence structure types in ASL. information is past tense motion inclusive of all referents
Here are a few: C - It is also signed when joking, meancing
n Topic Comment "enough already"
ASL is structured by the order in whoich an event - It is also signed in admonishment, emeaning
"stop it"
occurred; the topic is mentioned first, the subject of
the event, then a comment about the topic/subject - Context and facial expression will sdetermine
m the signer’s intention America
n Yes/No Question - "Finish" can be placed at the beginning or end
• Simple yes/no questions do not require ASL word
of a sentence
order; however, if the yes/no question requires S
Finish
explanation before a yes/no response, ASL word
m Indexing Singulari
order and sequence of events is needed
n
• The appropriate physical information is head tilted
forward, shoulders raised, and eyebrows up; the eyes
g
will naturally open more than usual
e
n Questions Seeking Information u
• Questions which ask who, what, when, where, why and
n
how are asked at the beginning and end of the sentence Finish l
• There will usually be a "hold" (pause) after the question s "Not yet" refers to action that has not taken place a
at the end of the sentence--this is done fotr emphasis - The intended action is signed, then "not yet" is
• The head is tilted to the side, eyebrows down and stated r
close together - It is placed at the end of the sentence Plural
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Sentence Structure,continued
s As in English, a pronoun in ASL requires a noun - Moving outward from the passive hand (in the WEEKDAYS
M
to be stated before a pronoun can be used same hand shape), the dominant hand indicates
• Loan Signs rows of the referent nMDays of thoe Weekn- Act das timea indicaytors and
should be placed at the beginning of the sentence
s All languages "borrow" from each other; loan - After the referents have been established, the
a
signs are words borrowed from English signer can continue the discourse
C
s In ASL, they are usually two letters: the first and last • Non-Manual Markers
r W
- There is usually a distinct hand movement for s Facial grammar, body language, and eye contact
lwords that are borrowed and have more than contribute to well over 50% of sigkn language
two letters expressed by a fluent signer
a- For example, "early" is signed in a circular s Fluent signers also tend to look at the feacial, throat Monday e Tuesday
motion; "style" is signed in an up/down motion
and shoulder areas when watching other signers
• Cslassifiers because much information can ber expressed d
s Express and represent descriptive qualities of through these body parts s
snouns (referents); their shapes, sizes, degree of n
s Facial expression covers many components in a
color, actions, locations in space and whether they
message
iare singular or plural content e
- It will indicate how an action is performed, how
s There are certain signs that are used to establish a
fclassifier’s discourse Pfalst or uslow it wars perforamed, and lif it was Wednesdays Thursday
performed conscientiously or carelessly
siBefore using a classifier, a subject noun must be - It can indicate the degree in size, shape and color d
identified; like pronouns need a referent
seClassifiers are signed with the passive hand; the s Adverbs and adjectives can be expressed through
facial expression a
action the classifier encounters with the verb is
rsigned with the dominant hand s Eye contact has importance of its own; eye
shifting, eye indexing, eyes wide open, eye y
s If the classifier is singular and describing the shape or
ssize, the referent will be in close proximity gazing, eye squinting, or breaking eye contact all Friday Saturday
s Plural classifiers require both hands work together with body language and head Sunday
s To show random order, alternating movement of movement to set up referents of people and
the hands is necessary objects in a spatial location
s To show an orderly arrangement, the passive hand s Body language is equally important; tilting the
is stationary while the dominant hand provides the head, raising the shoulders, and body shifting are
Expressions
movement and pluralization by moving in a linear all indications of change in a sentence or who is
fashion being talked about Sunday
COUNTRIES Germany
E
n ASL has many country name signs to identify a
Mcountry as a referent; however, living in the Age
n
of Information, it is becoming more politically
correct for ASL users to adopt indigenous name
signs from respective countries
g
n There are two reasons for this adoption:
e• Deaf communities now have access to such information
• Some American country name signs, like other
l
countries, have offensive signs for countries which Canada France Japan
xthey represent Ch(Thiumnp cheast twice) a
n
i
c
d
o
America
Germany
America Mexico China England
(Randomly wiggle fingers)
COLORS d White
n The depth of color can be incorporated into the e
nouGn by facial erxpressieon en
n Color will come after the referent it is R
describing
B
l
u
e
Blue Orange Green Red Black White
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Colors,continued
COLORS Yellow G Brown
P o
l
d
i
n
k
Gray
Purple
Pink Purple Gray Yellow Brown Gold
NUMBERS AND SPORTS
B
NUMBERS 1 – 20
n In the numerical system, one through five are a
signed with the palm facing the signer
n Six through ten are signed with the palm facing
the addressee s
n Eleven through fifteen are signed with the palm T13 14 15
facing the signer e
Baseball Tennis
n Sixteen through nineteen are signed: ten, six; ten, Tennis
seven; ten, eight; ten, nine b
w
n Twenty is signed with the index finger and the
thumb tapping two times
a
Three
16 17
l
e l
S l
1 2 3
v GGoolf lf Boxing
18 Twen19 ty B
e
S i x e
o
v4 5 6
20 x
N
SPORTS SIGNS
e Sports signs are iconic (they look like what they Cycling
Basketball Cycling
i Frepresent); however, they can be used in the subject i
n o
n
n7 8 9
o
e
t
g
b
Twelve
a
l Wrestling Swimming
l
10 11 12 Football Wrestling Bowling Swimming
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Author:Adan R. Penilla II CAN. $7.50 Customer Hotline # [phone] qhuunidcrekdss touf tditleys. catom
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NOTE TO STUDENTS
This QuickStudy®guide is an outline of the major topicstaught in American
Sign Language courses. Keep it handy as a quick reference source in the ISBN-13: 978-142320385-8
classroom, while doing homework, and as a memory refresher when reviewing prior ISBN-10: 142320385-2
toexams. Due to its condensed format, use it as an ASL guide,but not as a
replacement for assigned class work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from
the publisher. ©2001, 2004 BARCHARTSINC.Boca Raton, FL. 0707
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