American literature from 1945 through today PDF
Preview American literature from 1945 through today
Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright © 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2011 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services. For a listing of additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles, call toll free (800) 237-9932. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor J.E. Luebering: Senior Manager Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Adam Augustyn: Assistant Manager and Assistant Editor, Literature Rosen Educational Services Jeanne Nagle: Senior Editor Heather M. Moore Niver: Editor Nelson Sá: Art Director Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager Matthew Cauli: Designer, Cover Designer Introduction by Greg Roza Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American literature from 1945 through today / edited by Adam Augustyn. — 1st ed. p. cm. — (The Britannica guide to world literature) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61530-235-2 (eBook) 1. American literature--20th century—History and criticism. 2. American literature— 21st century—History and criticism. 3. American literature—20th century—Bio-bibliography. 4. American literature—21st century—Bio-bibliography. 5. Authors, American—20th century—Biography. 6. Authors, American—21st century— Biography. I. Augustyn, Adam, 1979- PS225.A44 2011 810.9’0054--dc22 2010002166 On the cover: Toni Morrison (left) and Jack Kerouac are part of a bounty of postwar American literary masters that spana larger range of heritages and backgrounds than ever before. James Keyser/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images (Morrison); Hulton Archive/Getty Images (Kerouac). Pages 10, 20 (map), 223, 227, 229 © www.istockphoto.com/Vasko Miokovic; pp. 20 (books), 79, 125, 156, 190 © www.istockphoto.com 22232221 CONTENTS Introduction 10 Chapter 1: Novels and Short Stories from 1945 21 Realism and Metafi ction 22 Kurt Vonnegut 24 Black Humour 31 The Absurdists 33 Social Realism 37 38 The New Yorker 45 John Updike 48 Southern Fiction 50 Truman Capote 56 Walker Percy 58 African American Literature 58 Magic Realism 63 New Fictional Modes 66 Norman Mailer 67 Joyce Carol Oates 69 The Infl uence of 52 Raymond Carver 71 E. Annie Proulx 74 Multicultural Writing 75 Chapter 2: Other Signifi cant Novelists and Short-Story Writers of the Postwar Era 79 Nelson Algren 79 Isaac Asimov 81 Russell Banks 82 Octavia E. Butler 83 64 Sandra Cisneros 84 Raymond Chandler 85 86 Hard-Boiled Fiction 87 Robert Coover 89 Don DeLillo 90 Philip K. Dick 91 E.L. Doctorow 92 Richard Ford 94 William Gaddis 95 William Gibson 96 John Hawkes 97 Oscar Hijuelos 99 Jack Kerouac 100 Childhood and Early 88 Infl uences 100 Beat Movement 101 On the Road and other Early Work 102 Later Work 105 Stephen King 105 Maxine Hong Kingston 107 Bernard Malamud 109 Cormac McCarthy 110 Mary McCarthy 111 Anaïs Nin 113 122 Tim O’Brien 115 Cynthia Ozick 116 J.D. Salinger 117 Mickey Spillane 118 Wallace Stegner 119 William Styron 120 David Foster Wallace 122 Tom Wolfe 123 Chapter 3: Poetry after World War II 125 Formal Poets 125 126 Experimentation and 143 Beat Poetry 129 Black Mountain Poets 130 Lawrence Ferlinghetti 133 Deep Image Poets 138 James Dickey 140 New Directions 141 Poetic Diction 142 Archibald MacLeish 148 Autobiographical Approaches 149 Gwendolyn Brooks 153 151 Chapter 4: Postwar American Drama 156 Miller, Williams, and Albee 156 Salem Witch Trials 157 Arthur Miller 159 Tennessee Williams 161 Edward Albee 164 Off -Broadway 166 The Off -Broadway Ascendancy 167 158 Off -Off Broadway and Regional Theatre 168 The Living Theatre 170 Notable Dramatists of the Age, in Depth 172 Amiri Baraka 173 Jack Gelber 174 John Guare 175 Tony Kushner 176 David Mamet 178 Suzan-Lori Parks 181 Ntozake Shange 182 177 Sam Shepard 183 185 Wendy Wasserstein 185 August Wilson 186 Lanford Wilson 188 Chapter 5: Literary Criticism and Theory from 1945 190 Susan Sontag 191 Literary Biography and the New Journalism 192 Hunter S. Thompson 194 Theory 195 Deconstruction 197 205 Noteworthy Postwar Critics and Theorists 198 Allan Bloom 199 Harold Bloom 200 Paul de Man 203 Stanley Fish 204 Henry Louis Gates, Jr. 205 bell hooks 208 Alfred Kazin 209 J. Hillis Miller 210 Kate Millett 211 Edward Said 212 Elaine Showalter 215 Lionel Trilling 216 Gore Vidal 217 Cornel West 220 Epilogue 223 Glossary 224 Bibliography 227 Index 229
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