Table Of Content

INDEX (The following abbreviations refer to sections of the Journal: Ag., Agora; BN, Briefer Notices; BR, Book Reviews and Notes; CD, Current Developments; Corr., Correspondence; CP, Con- temporary Practice of the US Relating to International Law; Ed., Editorial Comments; ID, International Decisions; LA, Leading Article; NC, Notes and Comments. Other abbreviations include: ASIL, American Society of International Law; CEDAW, Convention on the Elimina- tion of Discrimination against Women; EC, European Communities; FRG, Federal Republic of Germany; FSIA, US Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act; GDR, Democratic Republic of Germany; IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency; ICJ, International Court of Justice; ILA, International Law Association; ILC, International Law Commission; IMO, Interna- tional Maritime Organization; NIEO, New International Economic Order; PCIJ, Permanent Court of International Justice; PIRA, Provisional Irish Republican Army; POW, prisoner of war; UN, United Nations; UNGA, United Nations General Assembly; UNSC, United Na- tions Security Council; US, United States; USSR, Unien of Soviet Socialist Republics.) Abbott, Kenneth W. BR of Carter, 236 ABM Treaty, Legal Adviser and compliance with, 359-60, 370 Acevedo, Domingo E. BR of Bernhardt, Instalment 11, 405 Acheson, Dean, on military enforcement under UN Charter, 79 Act of state doctrine, and exercise of police power, 665, 667 Adam, H.-T., on liability of member states of international organizations, 265-6 Aden, Menno. Internationale Handelsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit: Kommentar zu den Verfahrensord- nungen, BR, 243 Afghanistan: rebels’ treatment of women, 642; Soviet views on invasion of, 95, 97 Africa, similarity of world view to women’s, 617. See also African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1981): and extradition of persons facing death penalty, 145-6; and women, 636-7 Ago, Roberto. ‘‘Binding” Advisory Opinions of the International Court of Justice, LA, 439 Agora: The Gulf Crisis in International and Foreign Relations Law, 63; The Gulf Crisis in Interna- tional and Foreign Relations Law, Continued, 506 Alabama, CSS, title to wreck of, CD, 381 Aldrich, George H.: on compensation for expropriation, 484—5; Prospects for United States Ratifica- tion of Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, LA, 1; Corr. on, 662; on valuation of compensation, 189, 191 Aliens: abduction of abroad, Ed., 655; exemption in civil rights statute and extraterritoriality, 554-5, 556; jurisdiction re acts of immigration officials, 559, 666, 667; refugees and US ratification of human rights treaties, Corr., 152; reopening of asylum proceedings, 345-7, 348; revision of US immigration law, CP, 334-5; women’s position in refugee camps, 642-3. See also Expropriation; State responsibility Alston, Philip. BR of Donnelly, 214; Corr. on 1990 LA by, 152 Alvarez Machain, Humberto, seizure and US prosecution of, 655-6, 657, 660-1 Ameli, Koorosh Hossein, on compensation for expropriation, 486, 488-9, 490-1, 494, 495, 498 Amerasinghe, C. F. Liability to Third Parties of Member States of International Organizations: Prac- tice, Principle and Judicial Precedent, LA, 259 American Bar Association, International Law Section and Legal Adviser’s role, 358-9, 368, 369-70 American Convention on Human Rights (1969), 148: and extradition of persons facing death penalty, 145-6. See also Inter-American Court of Human Rights American Samoa: and Convention on driftnet fishing, CP, 668-71; Convention on marine environment of, CP, 155-60 American Society of International Law: ASIL-ILA report on Legal Adviser’s role, CD, 358; contribution of Leo Gross, 149; on humanitarian law and UN forces, 465 Amnesty International, 711: on death penalty under European Human Rights Convention, 139 Andean Pact, constitutionality of Colombian law approving, 354 Anderson, Malcolm. Policing the World: Interpol and the Politics of International Police Co-operation, BR, 426 767 768 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW [Vol. 85 Antarctic Seals, Convention for the Conservation of (1972), 37 Antarctic Treaty (1959), protection of marine environment under, 36-7 Arangio-Ruiz, Gaetano, 708 Arbitral Procedure, Model Rules on (ILC), 595 Arbitration: awards as sources of law, 475, 476, 477-8, 479-80, 481, 482, 484, 486, 498-505; career of Paul Reuter, 150-1; confirmation in US of award to Libyan instrumentality, JD, 178-81; enforcement of award in Tin cases, 260; modern tribunals and expropriation, LA, 474; respect due incom- prehensive awards, 651, 652; under South Pacific environmental Convention, 159. See also lran— United States Claims Tribunal Argentina: jurisdiction over claims re exchange controls, ID, 560-4; use of force in Malvinas, 453 Arms control and disarmament: conventional forces in Europe Treaty, CP, 548-51; future role as preventive measure, 472; and German Final Settlement Treaty, 162, 166, 167-8 Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, and work of ILC, 608 Australia: and protection of whales, 22, 40-1, 42, 43; and resort to ICJ, 647, 649, 651, 652, 653 Austria, liability as host state of IAEA, 266 Aviation. See Chicago Convention; United States, Iranian suit against in ICJ Bacot, Guillaume, on ‘‘binding”’ ICJ advisory jurisdiction, 441-2 Bahrain, and resort to ICJ, 647, 649, 651-2, 653 Bailey, Sydney D. War and Conscience in the Nuclear Age, BR, 227 Baker, James A., III, on UNSC Res. 678, 88. See also United States Department of State Baltic States, and German Final Settlement Treaty, 166-7 Bangladesh, and reservations to CEDAW, 284, 287-8, 298, 299-302, 307, 310, 313-4, 320 Banjul Charter. See African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Baraldini, Silvia, Italian request for transfer of, CP, 338-40 Barbash, David M. ID, 552-7 Barboza, Julio, 707 Barros, James. Trygve Lie and the Cold War. The UN Secretary-General Pursues Peace, 1946-1953, BR, 209 Barsh, Russel Lawrence. A Special Session of the UN General Assembly Rethinks the Economic Rights and Duties of States, CD, 192 Basel Convention, transmittal to Senate, CP, 674-9 Bauman, Frank A. BR of White, 728 Bélanger, Michel. Le droit international de la santé par les textes, BN, 251 Belgium, and liability of Eurochemic’s members, 267, 269, 272 Bendahmane, Diane B., & John W. McDonald, Jr. (eds.). U.S. Bases Overseas: Negotiations with Spain, Greece, and the Philippines, BR, 749 Benedettelli, Massimo V. II giudizio di eguaglianza nell’ordinamento giuridico delle Comunita Euro- pee, BR, 582 Benvenuti, Paolo, on “binding’’ ICJ advisory opinions, 440-1 Berat, Lynn. Walvis Bay. Decolonization and International Law, BR, 751 Berlin, treaties on German reunification and, 160-3, 164-5, 169, 170-5 Berman, Nathaniel. BR of Hannum, 730 Bernaerts, Arnd. Bernaerts’ Guide to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Including the text of the UN Convention and Final Act, BR, 229 Bernales Ballesteros, Enrique, and Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 710, 711, 712 Bernhardt, Rudolf (ed.). Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Instalment 9: International Rela- tions and Legal Cooperation in General: Diplomacy in Consular Relations, BR, 205; Instalment 10: States, Responsibility of States, International Law and Municipal Law, BR, 207; Instalment 11: Law of the Sea. Air and Space, BR, 405 Bethlehem, Daniel, E. Lauterpacht, C. J.G reenwood & Marc Weller (eds.). The Kuwait Crisis: Basic Documents, BN, 431 Bilder, Richard B. BR of Lutz, Hannum & Burke, 217; Rapporteur of ASIL-ILA Committee on Legal Adviser, CD, 358 Billeter, Geneviéve. See Favez, Jean-Claude “Binding” Advisory Opinions of the International Court of Justice, LA, 439 Bocalandro, Laura. BR of Fernandez de Casadevante Romani, 219 Béckstiegel, Karl-Heinz, on compensation for expropriation, 484 Boldizsar, Nagy, Dunay Pal, & Kardos Gabor. Kétszaztizenhat Nemzetkézi Jogi Példa (Two hundred sixteen Cases in International Law), BR, 250 1991] INDEX 769 Book Reviews and Notes, 201, 385, 568, 721 Bowett, D. W., 457: on objections to reservations, 303, 304, 305-6, 307; on UNSC and suspension of self-defense, 512 Brauch, Hans Giinter (ed.). Military Technology, Armaments Dynamics and Disarmament, BR, 224 Brazil: and protection of whales, 46, 47, 48; reservations to CEDAW, 300, 301, 313-4, 315 Brigot, André, Peter Schmidt & Walter Schiitze (eds.). Sicherheits- und Ostpolitik: Deutsch- franzésische Perspektiven, BR, 234 Brilmayer, Lea. Justifying International Acts, BR, 385 Briner, Robert, on compensation for expropriation, 485 Brody, Reed. The United Nations Creates a Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, CD, 709 Brower, Charles N., on compensation for expropriation, 484-5 Bucher, Andreas, & Pierre-Yves Tschanz. International Arbitration in Switzerland, BR, 424 Buergenthal, Thomas, on acceptance of treaty reservations, 312, 319-20 , Robert Norris & Dinah Shelton. Protecting Human Rights in the Americas: Selected Prob- lems, BN, 754 Bunch, Charlotte, on violence against women, 629 Burke, KathryJn. , Ellen L. Lutz & Hurst Hannum (eds.). New Directions in Human Rights, BR, 217 Burton, John. Corr. on 1990 Panama Ag. by D’Amato, 331 Bush, George: administration policy in Persian Gulf conflict, Ag., 516; 537; and Convention against Torture, 148, 336; and German Final Settlement Treaty, 160-1, 167, 169; and ICJ, 650; transmittal to Senate of hazardous wastes Convention, CP, 674-9; transmittal to Senate of IMO Protocols, CP, 671-4; transmittal to Senate of South Pacific driftnet Convention, CP, 668-71; transmittal to Senate of South Pacific environmental Convention, CP, 155-60 Calabresi, Guido, & A. Douglas Melamed, on entitlements, 53-4 Canada, agreement with US on hazardous wastes, 678 Cancado Trindade, A. A. BR of Ventura & Zovatto, 420 Carliner, David. BR of Miserez, 569 Carnahan, Burrus M. BR of Schrag, 572 Caron, David D. Iraq and the Force of Law: Why Give a Shield of Immunity?, Ag., 89; quoted, 530, 531; recipient of Deak Prize, 538 Carothers, Thomas. BR of Recueil des Cours de |’A cadémie de Droit International de La Haye, 1987, Vols. I-V, 390 Carroll, Francis M. BR of Dunne, 725 Carter, Barry E. International Economic Sanctions: Improving the Haphazard U.S. Legal Regime, BR, 236 Carty, Anthony, & Gennady Danilenko (eds.). Perestroika and International Law. Current Anglo- Soviet Approaches to International Law, BR, 723 Cassese, Antonio. Terrorism, Politics and Law: The Achille Lauro Affair, BR, 410 Caytas, Ivo G., Hans Siegwart & Julian I. Mahari. Global Political Risk: Dynamic Managerial Strate- gies, BR, 578 Central American Court of Justice, and Gulf of Fonseca, 681-2 Chad, and resort to ICJ, 647, 649, 651, 652, 653 Chamorro, Violeta, and settlement of litigation in ICJ, 647 Charlesworth, Hilary, Christine Chinkin & Shelley Wright. Feminist Approaches to International Law, LA, 613 Cheng, Chia-Jui (ed.). Clive M. Schmitthoff’s Select Essays on International Trade Law, BR, 247 Chicago Convention (1944), and Iranian suit against US, 649, 650 Child, Convention on the Rights of (1989), 286, 321 Chile, and conservation of marine resources, 35, 38, 46 China, People’s Republic of: and Persian Gulf conflict, 523-4, 527-8; and staffing of UN Secretariat, 324, 328-9; ID, 686-9 Chinkin, Christine, Hilary Charlesworth & Shelley Wright. Feminist Approaches to International Law, LA, 613 Choice of law: and arbitrations on expropriation, 477, 479-80, 481, 485, 487; forum non conveniens, 563; re transactions of international organizations, 259-62, 264, 266, 268 Chopra, Sudhir K., & Anthony D’Amato. Whales: Their Emerging Right to Life, LA, 21; correction, 333 Civil law, liability rules of corporate shareholders under, 273-5 Claims: by foreign nationals against their state under FSIA, 342, 344; under German reunification 770 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW [Vol. 85 treaties, 169, 172, 174-5; against international organizations, LA, 259; in personam, and assets control regulations, JD, 178-81; as weapon against Iraqi occupation of Kuwait, Ag., 89. See also Compensation; International trade; Iran-United States Claims Tribunal Claims Settlement Declaration (establishing Iran-US Claims Tribunal, 1981), jurisdiction under, 185-6 Clark, Belinda. The Vienna Convention Reservations Regime and the Convention on Discrimination against Women, LA, 281 Codding, George A., Jr. BN of Murty, The International Law of Propaganda, 250 Collective security, and the Persian Gulf conflict, 93, 101-3, 109, 452, 470-3, 520, 527, 533 Collisions at Sea, Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing (1972), 674 Colombia, Court on review of constitutionality of ratified treaty, ID, 352-7 Common Rights of Mankind in Gentili, Grotius and Suarez, Ed., 110 Compensation: constitutionality of German Unification Agreement clause on, JD, 690-6; for disposal of hazardous wastes, 678, 679; for expropriation, JD, 184-91; LA, 474; 690, 691, 692, 693, 696; liability of Iraq re gulf conflict, 89, 455, 456, 457, 467; of Nazi victims and reunification, 174-5. See also Expropriation; Hull, Cordell Concert of Europe, and keeping the peace, 470, 507, 511 Confederate States of America, title to shipwreck of, CD, 381 Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, 472. See also Helsinki process Conflict of laws. See Choice of law Congo, People’s Republic of: arbitrations on expropriation of Italian investments in, 486-8; US recognition of UK judgment against, JD, 181-4 Congo, Republic of the, UN action in, 507, 508 Connally, Tom, and UNSC enforcement powers, 67, 69, 71, 76, 80 Constitutional Control of Military Actions: A Comparative Dimension, Ag., 92 (The) Constitution and Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, Ag., 74 Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law, 155, 334, 539, 668 Contracts: based on recruitment in US andj urisdiction, 557, 560; commercial, [LC on immunity and, 703-4; force majeure and termination of, 186; and nature of human rights treaties, 287, 293-4, 296, 312, 316-7, 318-9; secondment, in UN staffing, 322, 323-5, 327, 328-9; ID, 686-9. See also International Tin Council Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, Treaty on (1990), summary of major provisions, CP, 548-51 Corell, Hans. Legal Advisers Meet at UN Headquarters in New York, CD, 371 Council of Europe. See European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; Transfer of Sentenced Persons, Convention on Cuba, missile crisis and lawful use of force, 514-6 Cullen, Robert (ed.). The Post-Containment Handbook. Key Issues in U.S.-Soviet Economic Rela- tions, BR, 754 Cultural property, under Protocol I to 1949 Geneva Conventions, 16, 18 Current Developments, 192, 358, 703 Cyprus, reservation to CEDAW, 301, 320 D’Amato, Anthony. BR of Henkin, Hoffmann, Kirkpatrick, Gerson, Rogers & Scheffer, 201; Corr. on ID by Vega, 664; Corr. on 1990 Panama Ag. by, 331; and norms ofi nternational law, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127 , & Sudhir K. Chopra. Whales: Their Emerging Right to Life, LA, 21; correction, 333 Damrosch, Lori Fisler. Constitutional Control of Military Actions: A Comparative Dimension, Ag., 92 Danilenko, Gennady, & Anthony Carty (eds.). Perestroika and International Law. Current Anglo- Soviet Approaches to International Law, BR, 723 Davey, William J. BR of Pijpers, Regelsberger & Wessels, 579 (A) Declaration of Minimum Humanitarian Standards, CD, 375 de Groot, Gerard-René. Staatsangehérigkeitsrecht im Wandel. Eine rechtsvergleichende Studie iiber Erwerbs- und Verlustgriinde der Staatsangeh6rigkeit, BR, 422 Delaume, Georges R. ID, 181-4; ID, 696-8 Del Duca, Patrick. BR of Migliorino, 240 Dell, Sydney. The United Nations and International Business, BR, 398 de Mestral, A. L. C., & T. Gruchalla-Wesierski. Extraterritorial Application of Export Control Legisla- tion: Canada and the U.S.A., BR, 742 Denmark: and reservations to CEDAW, 284, 287, 315; and resort to IC], 647, 649, 651, 652, 653 Descartes, René, on reason and pain in animals, 25-6 1991} INDEX 771 Developing countries: and objections to CEDAW reservations, 315; and resort to ICJ, 654; UNGA session on cooperation in development of, CD, 192; and Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 710, 711, 712; and work of ILC, 605, 608. See also Third World Development: and investor’s expectation of compensation, 497, 503; right to, and women, 637, 638- 41; UNGA session on economic cooperation and, CD, 192 de Zayas, Alfred M. The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939-1945, BN, 589 Diaz Barrado, Castor M. El consentimiento, causa de exclusion de la ilicitud del uso de la fuerza, en Derecho Internacional, Vols. I & II, BR, 222 Diaz-Gonzalez, Leonardo, 708 Diaz Gonzalez Rubio, Luis Miguel. Globalizacion de las inversiones extranjeras: nuevos aspectos juridicos, BR, 249 Dicke, Detlev Chr., & Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (eds.). Foreign Trade in the Present and a New International Economic Order, BR, 245 Dinstein, Yoram, on UNSC and suspension of self-defense, 512-3 Dipla, Haritini, Peter Haggenmacher & Richard Perruchoud (eds.). Cour permanente dej ustice internationale 1922-1945, Vols. 5-I & 5-II, BR, 204 Diplomatic courier and bag, ILC draft articles on, 600-1, 705 Diplomatic missions: in Iraqi-occupied Kuwait, 108-9; staff permanently resident in US and immunities, CP, 546-8; US employment authorization re foreign officials’ families, CP, 541-6 Diplomatic privileges and immunities: and employment of foreign officials’ families, 544—5; in Iraqi- occupied Kuwait, 108-9; and permanently resident staff in US, CP, 546-8 Diplomatic relations, and recognition of arbitral awards, 179, 181 Discrimination. See Discrimination against Women, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of; International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Discrimination against Women, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of (1979): effectiveness of, 631-4, 644-5; reservations to, LA, 281; 632-4. See also United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Dispatch: A New Weekly Record of the U.S. State Department, CD, 383 Dispute settlement: under Convention on hazardous wastes, 678-9; feminist approach to, 615-7; in ILC articles on international watercourses, 706; reservations to treaties re, 282-3, 316; between states and international organizations, LA, 439. See also Arbitration; European Court of Human Rights; European Court of Justice; International Court ofJ ustice Djonovich, SusanJ . (ed.). United Nations Resolutions: Series II, Security Council, BN, 430 Doman, Nicholas R. BN of Boldizsar, Pal & Gabor, 250 Dominican Republic, mishandling of US tourists in, 558-9, 665, 667 Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, BR, 214 Donoho, Douglas L. BR of Renteln, 416 Doubleday, Nancy, defense of whaling by Inuit, 58-60 Dugard, John. BR of Berat, 751 Dunne, Michael. The United States and the World Court, 1920-1935, BR, 725 Dupuy, René-Jean, on compensation for expropriation, 480-1, 487-8 Dworkin, Ronald, on “integrity” in judicial jurisprudence, 500, 501 Easterly, Ernest S., II]. BR of Nordquist, 407 Eastern Europe, 537: and acceptance of ICJ optional clause, 374; and acceptance of treaty reservations, 290-1, 295, 310; background to German reunification, 164—5; and enhancing international peace and cooperation, 596; and internationalists’ behavior in Third Reich, 154; and staffing of UN Secretariat, 324, 688; and UNGA session on development, 194, 195, 199. See also Warsaw Pact East Timor, maritime delimitation concerning, 647, 649, 651, 653 Ecuador, and conservation of marine resources, 35, 38 Egypt: arbitral award for nonperformance of contract in, 181; and reservations to CEDAW, 284, 288, 298, 299-302, 308, 310-1, 313-4 ElBaradei, Mohamed. BR of Pirotte, Girerd, Marsal & Morson, 581 El Salvador: Nicaraguan intervention in Honduras case, 649, 653; ID, 680-6; and resort to ICJ, 647, 648-9, 651, 653 Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Instalment 9: International Relations and Legal Coopera- tion in General: Diplomacy in Consular Relations, BR, 205; Instalment 10: States, Responsibility of States, International Law and Municipal Law, BR, 207; Instalment 11: Law of the Sea. Air and Space, BR, 405 772 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW [Vol. 85 Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on International Trade in (CITES, 1973), and protection of whales, 41, 42-3, 46, 47 Energy, sources and Protocol I to 1949 Geneva Conventions, 12-3, 16, 19 Environment: Convention on movement of hazardous wastes, CP, 674-9; and ILC liability project, 607; and Persian Gulf conflict, 529; Polish reservation to ICJ optional clause on, 374, 375; protection of, and development, 193, 197-8, 199, 200; and Protocol I to 1949 Geneva Conventions, 12, 13-4, 16, 19. See also Law of the sea, Marine environment Erickson, Richard J. Legitimate Use of Military Force Against State-Sponsored International Terror- ism, BR, 745 Estonia. See Baltic States European Commission of Human Rights: on applicability of Convention and other treaties, 701; on extradition and death penalty, 130-8, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144 European Committee on Legal Co-operation, and work of ILC, 608, 612 European Communities: ban on importing whale products, 46; national collective bargaining agree- ments and Community law, JD, 348-51; and UNGA session on development, 193, 194-5, 197, 198, 199, 200. See also European Court of Justice European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 107: death penalty in US and, NC, 128; ID, 698-702; and women’s rights, 635 European Court of Human Rights: on compensation for expropriation, 494—5; on extradition and death penalty, 128, 137-47, 149, 698, 702 European Court of Justice: Article 177 proceedings, 351, 564; on customs and turnover taxes on illegal imports, JD, 564-7; on gender discrimination and part-time employment, JD, 348-51 Evans, Malcolm D. Relevant Circumstances and Maritime Delimitation, BR, 404 Evidence: changed circumstances standard to reopen deportation proceedings, 346; re Mexico’s con- sent to seizure of national, 660, 661 “Exclusive Preserves” and the New Soviet Policy toward the UN Secretariat, Ed., 322 Expropriation: lawful-unlawful distinction, 187-8, 190, 476, 484-5, 488-90; modern tribunals and law of, LA, 474; in Soviet-occupied Germany and ownership, ID, 690-6. See also Compensation Extradition: from Europe and death penalty, NC, 128; 699, 702; political offense exception and PIRA member, ID, 345-8; treaties, supremacy over domestic law, 356-7; treaties, violation of and jurisdiction, Ed., 655 Farer, Tom J. Human Rights in Law’s Empire: The Jurisprudence War, Ed., 117 Fassbender, Bardo. BR of Seidelmann & of Brigot, Schmidt & Schiitze, 234 Favez, Jean-Claude, with Geneviéve Billeter. Une Mission Impossible? Le CICR, les déportations et les camps de concentration nazis, BN, 589 Feminist Approaches to International Law, LA, 613 Ferencz, Benjamin B. Corr. on international criminal court, 332 , with Ken Keyes, Jr. PlanetHood: The Key to Your Survival and Prosperity, BR, 227 Fernandez de Casadevante Romani, Carlos. El Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos: Demandas individuales planteadas contra Espafia (1979-1988), BR, 219 Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Treaty and Related Agreed Minute (1990), US ratification of, CP, 160-75 Finland, and resort to ICJ, 647, 649; 652, 653 Fisher, Ben C. BR of Robinson, Sauvant & Govitrikar, 394 Fishing with Long Driftnets in the South Pacific, Convention for the Prohibition of (1989), and Protocol I (1990), transmittal to US Senate, CP, 668-71 Fitzmaurice, Gerald, on acceptance of treaty reservations, 294-5 Fleck, Dieter (ed.). The Gladisch Committee on the Law of Naval Warfare: A German Effort to Develop International Law During World War II, BR, 746 Food and Agriculture Organization, 275-6, 278 Force, use of: alternative to in Persian Gulf conflict, Ag., 89; authority for in Persian Gulf conflict, Ag., 63; Ag., 74; Ag., 92; CP, 340-1; LA, 452; Ag., 506; Ag., 516; ICJ and Charter rules on, 650; minimum humanitarian standards re internal strife, CD, 375; by US, and Legal Adviser’s role, 359-60, 364. See also Humanitarian intervention Foreign assets control, and in personam claims, JD, 178-81 Foreign Forces in the Federal Republic of Germany, Convention on the Presence of (1954), and reunification, 170, 172 Forsythe, David P. (ed.). Human Rights and Development: International Views, BR, 735 (The) Forty-third Session of the International Law Commission, CD, 703 1991] INDEX 773 France: cooperation with US in studying shipwreck, 382-3; nationals’ cases in UN Administrative Tribunal, 326, 327-8; and reservations to CEDAW, 285, 311-2, 314; sovereign immunity decisions, ID, 696-8; state-owned entities and fraud in US, JD, 176-8; treaties on German reunification, CP, 160-75; and Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 710-1 France Concedes United States Has Title to CSS Alabama, CD, 381 Franck, Thomas M. International Court of Justice Elects Officers, CD, 384; on legitimacy of international legal norms, 61, 124-5, 499, 501, 516, 527; on UNSC and suspension of self-defense, 511-3; Vacancies on ICJ Filled by Election, CD, 200 , & Faiza Patel. UN Police Action in Lieu of War: ‘“The Old Order Changeth,” Ag., 63; quoted and discussed, 511, 513 Frankel, Marvin E., & Ellen Saideman. Out of the Shadows of Night. The Struggle for International Human Rights, BR, 420 Frankowska, Maria. BN of Rosas, 755; Corr. on 1990 LA by Vagts, 153 Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, Treaty of (1955). See Warsaw Pact Fuerzas Armadas de Liberacion Nacional Puertorriquefia (FALN), convicted terrorist and, 339 Gabor, Kardos, Nagy Boldizsar & Dunay Pal. Kétszaztizenhat Nemzetk6zi Jogi Példa (Two hundred sixteen Cases in International Law), BR, 250 Garcia, Andelfo J. La Delimitacién de Espacios Oceanicos: E] Caso Colombo-venezolano, BR, 401 Garcia-Amador, F. V. The Emerging International Law of Development. A New Dimension of Inter- national Economic Law, BR, 743 Geneva Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas (1958), and protection of whales, 35-6, 44-5 Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949): and em- bargo against Iraq, 107-8; Kuwaiti and US nationals under Iraqi occupation and, 105-7; violation by Iraq, 465, 467 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1929), 16, 105 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949): Kuwaitis held by Iraq under, 104-5; rule of distinction under, 7-8, 9, 10 Geneva Conventions for the protection of war victims (1949), 104. See also Geneva Convention Rela- tive to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War; Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War; Geneva Conventions for the protection of war victims, Additional Protocol I to Geneva Conventions for the protection of war victims, Additional Protocol I to (1977): and customary law, 12, 14, 19; reprisal under, 2, 11, 15-7, 18; rule of distinction, 2, 7-10, 11-2, 18, 466-7; US ratification prospects, LA, 1; Corr., 662 Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea (1958), as evidence of the ILC’s success, 595, 607. See also Geneva Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas Genocide, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of (1948): refugees and US ratification of, 152-3; reservations to, 281-2, 285, 292-6, 298, 304, 305 Gentili, Alberico, and common rights of mankind, Ed., 110 Geraci, Thomas A. BR of Kaikobad, 232 Germany (pre-1945): claims of Nazi victims and reunification, 169, 174-5; Nazi, relevance today of internationalists’ behavior in, Corr., 153; PCIJ on compensation for Polish expropriation, 476, 501 Germany, Democratic Republic of: and armed forces strength after unification, 550; multilateral reunification treaties, CP, 160-75; status of property expropriated during Soviet occupation, ID, 690-6; status of treaties with US, CP, 539-40 Germany, Federal Republic of: constitutionality of Unification Agreement expropriation clause, ID, 690-6; declaration on armed forces strength after unification, 549, 550; and gender discrimination in employment, /D, 348-51; illegal imports and EC tax law, ID, 564-7; multilateral reunification treaties, CP, 160-75; murder suspect’s extradition to, rather than US, 134, 136-7, 140-1, 144; and Protocol I to 1949 Geneva Conventions, 3, 19; and reservations to CEDAW, 287, 299-301, 311-2, 313-4, 319; Unification Agreement and GDR-US treaties, CP, 539-40; war-making power in, 93-4, 99-103 Gerson, Allan, Louis Henkin, Stanley Hoffmann, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, William D. Rogers & DavidJ . Scheffer. Right v. Might: International Law and the Use of Force, BR, 201 Gibson, Ralph Brian, on liability of member states of international organizations, 263, 264, 272 Gilligan, Carol, on women’s “different voice,”’ 615-6 Girerd, Pascal, Olivier Pirotte, Pierre Marsal & Sylviane Morson. Trente ans d’expérience euratom: la naissance d’une Europe nucléaire, BR, 581 774 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW [Vol. 85 Glennon, Michael J. The Constitution and Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, Ag., 74; quoted, 509; Statement on Legal Adviser report, 370-1 Goldie, L. F. E. BR of Fleck, 746 Goodrich, Leland, memorial on, NC, 330 Govitrikar, Vishwas P., Peter Robinson & Karl P. Sauvant (eds.). Electronic Highways for World Trade: Issues in Telecommunication and Data Services, BR, 394 Graefrath, B. The International Law Commission Tomorrow: Improving Its Organization and Meth- ods of Work, LA, 595 Granzow, Joachim H. BR of Heidenberger, 588 Green, L. C. BN of Djonovich, 430; BR of Kalshoven & Sandoz, 221; BR of Platzéder, 408 Greenfield, Jeanette. The Return of Cultural Treasures, BR, 737 Greenland. See Jan Mayen Greenwood, C. J., E. Lauterpacht, Marc Weller & Daniel Bethlehem (eds.). The Kuwait Crisis: Basic Documents, BN, 431 Grenada, US action in, 122, 123, 126 Gross, Leo: memorial on, NC, 149; on military enforcement under UN Charter, 77 Grotius, Hugo, and common rights of mankind, Ed., 110 Group of 77, 372-3: and UNGA session on development, 193, 194, 196-7, 198, 199 Gruchalla-Wesierski, T., & A. L. C. de Mestral. Extraterritorial Application of Export Control Legisla- tion: Canada and the U.S.A., BR, 742 Grunenberg, Horst, & Renate Platzéder. Internationales Seerecht, BN, 431 Guam, Convention on marine environment of, CP, 155-60 Guillaume, Gilbert, reelection to ICJ, 200 Guinea-Bissau, and resort to ICJ, 647, 648, 649, 651, 652, 653 Hager, L. Michael. BR of Garcia-Amador, 743 Haggenmacher, Peter, Richard Perruchoud & Haritini Dipla (eds.). Cour permanente de justice internationale 1922-1945, Vols. 5-I & 5-II, BR, 204 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property, 16 Hague Rules of Air Warfare (1923), 466 Halberstam, Malvina. BR of Cassese, 410 Hamilton, Alexander, on war-making power, 85, 86 Hannum, Hurst. Autonomy, Sovereignty, and Self-Determination: The Accommodation of Conflict- ing Rights, BR, 730; BR of Hill, 216 , Richard B. Lillich & Stephen A. Saltzburg. Materials on International Human Rights and US. Criminal Law and Procedure, BR, 414 , Ellen L. Lutz & KathrynJ . Burke (eds.). New Directions in Human Rights, BR, 217 Harding Sandra, on feminine and African world views, 617-8 Hazard, John N. BR of Soviet Year-Book of International Law, 1988, 428 Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of (Basel Convention, 1989), transmittal to Senate, CP, 674-9 Heidenberger, Peter. Deutsche Parteien vor amerikanischen Gerichten; Erfahrungen aus der Praxis, BR, 588 Helsinki Final Act, 162. See also Helsinki process Helsinki process, and rule of law in USSR, 93, 95, 99 Henkin, Louis. The Age of Rights, BR, 733 , Stanley Hoffmann, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Allan Gerson, William D. Rogers & DavidJ .S cheffer. Right v. Might: International Law and the Use of Force, BR, 201 Hess, Rudolf, action to win release from prison, 701 Highet, Keith. The Peace Palace Heats Up: The World Court in Business Again?, Ed., 646; Statement on Legal Adviser report, 371 , & George Kahale III. International Decisions, 176, 342, 552, 680 Hill, Dilys M. (ed.). Human Rights and Foreign Policy: Principles and Practice, BR, 216 Hoellering, Michael F. BR of Bucher & Tschanz, 424 Hoffmann, Stanley, Louis Henkin, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Allan Gerson, William D. Rogers & DavidJ . Scheffer. Right v. Might: International Law and the Use of Force, BR, 201 Holtzmann, Howard H., on compensation for expropriation, 484, 485 Holy See, Colombian Court’s review of statute ratifying concordat with, ID, 352-7 Honduras: Nicaraguan intervention in El Salvador case, 649, 653; ID, 680-6; and resort to ICJ, 647, 648-9, 651, 653 1991] 775 Honnold, John O. BR of Schmitthoff, 247 Hull, Cordell: and military enforcement under UN Charter, 76; standard re compensation for expropriation, 474-6, 481, 488, 492, 505 Humanitarian intervention: classical vs. realist views of, Ed., 117; and US invasion of Panama, 122, 126, 331 Human rights: after Cold War, Corr., 536; “death row phenomenon,” 131, 133-7, 140-1, 143-4, 145, 148; declaration of minimum standards re internal violence, CD, 375; and development, 199, 200; and expropriated property in Soviet-occupied Germany, 693, 694-5; and feminism, 614, 624, 627-43, 644-5; gender discrimination in employment, JD, 348-51; instruments, and victims of Iraqi aggression, 106-7; jurisdiction re torture of US citizen abroad, ID, 557-60; Corr., 664; monitoring standards for states of emergency, CD, 716; obligations and military discipline abroad, 701- 2; origins of erga omnes concept, Ed., 110; petitioning UN to investigate arbitrary detentions, CD, 709; and protecting whales, 22, 27. See also Discrimination against Women, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of; Humanitarian intervention; International Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Human Rights in Law’s Empire: The Jurisprudence War, Ed., 117 Hussein, Saddam: forcing withdrawal from Kuwait by, Ag., 89; international criminal jurisdiction and, 332-3; interventions by others and invasion of Kuwait, Corr., 331; UNSC and altering regime of, 468. See also Kuwait India: and protection of whales, 44, 47; takeover of Goa, 453 Indigenous peoples: feminism of, and nationalism, 619-21; and whaling rights, 41-2, 46, 56, 57-61, 62 Indonesia. See East Timor In Memoriam: Leo Gross (1903-1990), NC, 149; Paul Reuter (1911-1990), NC, 150 Institut de Droit International: on humanitarian law and UN forces, 465; and work of ILC, 607-8 Institute of International Law. See Institut de Droit International Intellectual property, fraud by foreign state entities re trade secrets, JD, 176-8 Inter-American Court of Human Rights, on acceptance of treaty reservations, 313, 319-20 Inter-American Juridical Committee, and work of ILC, 608 International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling (1937), and Protocol (1938), 31-2 International Atomic Energy Agency, 456: and disposal of radioactive wastes, 157, 675; and ICJ advisory jurisdiction, 439, 449; and liability of host state, 266 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, liability of members for obligations of, 269-70, 271, 278 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes: appeals to decisions of, 651; arbitrations on compensation for expropriation, 486-8, 498 International Commercial Arbitration and the Courts, BR, 586 International Commission of Jurists, and Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 710, 711 International Committee of the Red Cross, 663: and compliance under Geneva Protocol I, 14-5; proposed lawful targets, 466; and victims of Persian Gulf conflict, 104-5 International Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984), 138, 286, 321: US reservations and understanding to, 147-8; CP, 335-7; and women’s rights, 628 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973), 674, 675 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (1946), 33-4, 39, 40, 46: legality of continu- ing whaling and moratorium under, 56-7, 58 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1974), transmittal to Senate of 1988 Protocol, CP, 671-4 International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency (1929), and taxation in EC states, 565, 566 International Convention on Load Lines (1966): tacit amendment procedure and, 673-4; transmittal to Senate of 1988 Protocol, CP, 671-4 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1966), 632: reservations to, 283, 287, 298, 316, 319, 633-4 International Court of Justice: on acceptance of treaty reservations, 289, 292-6, 297, 298, 304, 305; “binding” advisory opinions of, LA, 439; career of Paul Reuter before, 150-1; on collective self-defense, 457, 471; election of officers, CD, 384; elections to, CD, 200; on Nicaraguan intervention in El Salvador /H onduras case, ID, 680-6; on obligations erga omnes, 110; and representation of women, 776 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW [Vol. 85 623-4; revived resort to, Ed., 646; on UNSC authorization of armed force, 461; use of chambers procedure, 649-50, 654. See also International Court of Justice, Statute of International Court of Justice, Statute of: advisory jurisdiction under, LA, 439; Poland’s acceptance of optional clause, CD, 374; sources of law under and compensation standard, 486, 497-8; third-state intervention under, 649; ID, 680-6 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 148: and extradition of persons facing death penalty, 145-6; reservations to, 283, 286, 316; and standard re arbitrary detention, 711, 713; and US nationals in Iraq during gulf crisis, 106-7; vertical applicability of, 376-7; and women’s rights, 632, 637 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: and promoting women’s rights, 644-5; reservations to, 283, 286, 316; US ratification, Corr., 152; whaling and subsistence rights under, 58, 59-60 International Decisions, 176, 342, 552, 680 International Labour Organisation: conventions on women, 631; and ICJ advisory jurisdiction, 439, 440, 441-3, 449 International Law Association: American branch on Geneva Protocol I, 662; ASIL-ILA report on Legal Adviser’s role, CD, 358; minimum standards for states of emergency, 716, 718; monitoring standards for states of emergency, CD, 716; Polish branch and ICJ optional clause, 374; and work of ILC, 607-8 International Law Commission, 629: and acceptance of treaty reservations, 289, 295, 296, 297, 309; contribution of Paul Reuter, 150, 151; 43d session of, CD, 703; improving organization and methods of work, LA, 595; 709; and an international criminal court, 332, 333, 600, 601, 603, 605-7, 706-7; and UNGA Sixth Committee, 372, 373, 597, 598, 600-3, 609, 611-2 (The) International Law Commission Tomorrow: Improving Its Organization and Methods of Work, LA, 595 International Legal Materials. Contents, 256, 435, 591, 762 International liability for lawful acts, ILC work on, 600, 607, 703, 707-8 Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against (1973), ILC speed in drafting, 603, 604, 605-6 International Maritime Organization, 157: 1988 Protocols on harmonizing certification of ships, CP, 671-4 International Monetary Fund, liability of members for obligations of, 271, 275-6, 278 International organizations: expertise of Leland Goodrich on, 330; and IC] advisory jurisdiction, 439-40, 442, 444-5, 449-51; ILC work on relations between states and, 600, 703, 708; liability to third parties of member states, LA, 259; and monitoring states of emergency, CD, 716; US employment authorization re officials’ families, CP, 541-6; women and, 621-5 International Tin Agreement, Sixth Agreement (1982) and liability of organization in English courts, 260-4 International Tin Council, liability of member states for debts of, 259-65, 269, 272, 273, 274, 277-9 International trade: civil rights protection of US citizens employed abroad, JD, 552-7; illicit, and EC tax law, ID, 564-7; jurisdiction over claims re exchange controls, JD, 560-4; liability of international organizations to third parties, LA, 259; UNGA session on development, CD, 192. See also Claims; Compensation; Expropriation; Sanctions, economic International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (LUCN), and protection of whales, 39, 40, 41 International Whaling Commission, evolving practice of, 34-5, 37-8, 39-48, 54-6, 58 Iran, 468: French Court on immunity of instrumentality of, ID, 696-8; jurisdiction re murder of US national in, 665-6; and resort to IC], 647, 649, 650-1, 652-3. See also Iran—United States Claims Tribunal Iran—United States Claims Tribunal: on compensation for expropriation, 482-6, 498, 505; on valuation standard re expropriation, JD, 184-91 Iraq: coalition’s use of force against, 452, 459-60, 465-7, 472, 514, 526, 529, 532-5; and diplomats in occupied Kuwait, 108-9; Kurds and Shiites and Persian Gulf conflict, 468-9, 534; multilateral force against, 94, 99, 101-2; a proposal to prevent force against, Ag., 89; reservations to CEDAW, 299, 300. See also Kuwait; Persian Gulf conflict; Sanctions, economic Iraq and the Force of Law: Why Give a Shield of Immunity?, Ag., 89 Irish Republican Army, Provisional wing of, 345 Israel, and Protocol I to 1949 Geneva Conventions, 1-3, 6-7, 19, 663, 664 Italy: arbitrations on Congo’s expropriation of investments, 486-8; and intervention before ICJ, 682, 683-5; and Protocol I to 1949 Geneva Conventions, 3, 16; request for transfer of convicted terrorist, CP, 338-40