American foreign policy current documents 1956

1535 Pages·1959·66.24 MB·English

by  Historical Division, Bureau of Public Affairs

AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
Current Documents
1956
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 6811
Released August 1959
HISTORICAL DIVISION
BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

For sale by the
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D.C.
Price : $4.75 (Buckram)
PREFACE
American Foreign Policy: Current Documents is an annual, one-
volume collection of the principal messa addresses, statements,
reports, diplomatic notes, and treaties made in a given calendar year
which indicate the scope, goals, and implementation of the foreign
policy of the United States. It continues two earlier publications—
A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941-1949
(prepared by the Historical Division of the Department of State and
e staff of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, issued in
1950 as Senate Document 123, 81st Congress, 1st Session) and Amer-
ican Foreign Policy, 1950-1955: Basic Documents (prepared in the
Historical Division and issued in two volumes in 1957 as Department
of State publication 6446). The usefulness of and demand for these
two earlier publications as standard reference and source works in
both official and nonofficial circles established the desirability of pub-
lishing these compilations annually.
Most of the documents printed in this 1956 compilation have already
been published in other official releases; a few have not. Some docu-
ments issued by other governments and by regional -tnternational
organizations of which the United States is not 2 member have been
included where the pronouncements or settlements revealed in them
were of major concern to the United States in the formulation of its
own policies.
In most instances the documents are arranged under topical head-
ings within each of the 13 parts. A few developments—such as the
Suez crisis and the revolt in Hungary—seemed to unfold a story re-
quiring a strictly chronological presentation. The mechanical devices
used to facilitate quick reference to the volume include a complete
list of the documents (printed as a table of contents), an index, and
the consecutive numbering of the papers from 1 to 442 (the number
of the document appears in the lower left-hand corner of each even-
numbered page and in the lower right-hand corner of each odd-
numbered page throughout the compilation).
The volume was prepared in the Historical Division under the gen-
eral supervision of G. Bernard Noble, Chief. It was compiled | by
Peter V. Curl, with the assistance of Anna Vukovich, and was re-
viewed by E. Taylor Parks, Chief of the Advisory and Review Branch.
Editorial procedures were performed by the Division of Publishin
Services under the immediate direction of Dorothy M. Hine, Chie
of the General Editing Branch, with the assistance of Bertha Hart-
man, Joseph J. Moriarty, and other members of the staff.
Juxy 30, 1959

CONTENTS
PART I, PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF AMERICAN FOREIGN
POLICY
' Page
1. The State of the Union: Annual Message Read by the President
Batons a Joint Session of the Congress, January 5, 1956 (Ex-
cerpts). . 2. 2 0 © « © «© «© © « «© « er
2. The Financial Support for Foreign Policy: Message From the Presi-
dent to the Congress Transmitting the Budget Recommendations
for Fiscal Year 1956-1957, January 16, 1956 (Excerpts)... .
3. The Calculated Risks Taken for Peace: Replies Made by the Secretary
of State to Questions Asked at a News Conference, January 17,
1956 (Excerpts). .....2..e-. coco eo eo eo wee woe ew ew 19
4. Foreign Policy Guidelines: Address by the President Before the
American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, April 21,
1956 (Excerpt) ......24-+-e6-. er er a er 20
5. The Incompleted Mission of the West: Address by the Secretary of
State Before the Annual Luncheon of the Associated Press, New
York, April 23,195. 62..... e.e oe eo we ee see e 23
6. The United States Position on ‘‘Neutralism”: Statement Issued by
the White House, June 7, 1956. . . 1... « ee ee we 2 32
7. The Cost of Peace: Address by the Secretary of State at the Com-
mencement Exercises, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa, June
3 1 5 e e ee e« e oe oe 0e® @® @e® @® @® @® @® @ @ e e e e e e 6 e e e
8. Freedom by Example: Reply Made by the Secretary of State to a
Question Asked at a News Conference, July 11,1956. ..... 41
9. The United States Position Respecting ‘Colonialism’: Reply Made
by the Secretary of State to a Question Asked at a News Con-
ference, October 2, 1956 (Excerpt) ...... co ec we we ew 41
10. The Task of Waging Peace: Address by the Secretary of State Before
the go alias ouncil on World Affairs, Dallas, Texas, October 27,
42
] so oe oe oe @6e¢ oe oe @® @ @ ee e«e 08e 08o8 08 @® @ ©@ e e e e e e e e
PART II. THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
A. United States Participation tn the United Nations
11. United States Participation in the United Nations During 1956:
Letter From the President to the Congress Transmitting the
Eleventh Annual Report on U.S. Participation in the U.N.,
January 13, 1958. ......2.-. ee er 50
12. Machinery for United States Participation in the United Nations:
Article by the Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State
for International Organization Affairs, Published September 17,
53
1956 (Excerpt) e e e e e e e e e e e e e ee eo oe oe oe @ oe @ e
VI CONTENTS
B. Review and Improvement of the United Nations Machinery
13. The Institutionalizing of Peace: Address by the Secretary of State
Before the American Society of International Law, Washington,
April 25, 1956 (Excerpt) . . 2... 1 1 ww ew ew te tw tt ww 65
14. The Role of the United Nations in a Changing World: Introduction
to the Eleventh Annual Report of the U.N. Secretary-General on
the Work of the Organization, October 4,1956........ 7
15. United States Views on a Convention Concerning a System of Con-
sultation Within the United Nations System: Summary of a
Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the Special
Political Committee of the U.N. General Assembly, December
19,1956... 1. 1 1 we we tw tt ttt ht tt te 95
16. Draft Convention Concerning a System of Consultation Within the
United Nations System: Resolution 1014 (XI), Adopted by the
U.N. General Assembly, January 11, 1957......4.2.2..
C. The United Nations Budget
17. United States Observations on the United Nations Budget for 1956:
Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before the U.N. Gen-
eral Assembly, December 16,1955... ........24+622-. 97
18. The United Nations Budget for 1956: Resolution 979 (X), Adopted
by the U.N. General Assembly, December 16, 1955. ..... 102
19. Supplementary United Nations Budget for 1956: Resolution 1074
(xD, Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 7,
105
20. United States Views on the Scale of Assessments for the Expenses of
the United Nations: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative
Before Committee V of the U.N. General Assembly, November
9, 1956... 2. 1 1 we eee ee tt te tt tt tt 108
21. Revised Scale of Assessments for the Apportionment of the Expenses
of the United Nations: Resolution 1087 (XI), Adopted by the
U.N. General Assembly, December 21,1956. ......4.2.. 114
D. The Eleventh Session of the U.N. General Assembly
22. The Tasks of the Eleventh General Assembly: Address by the Acting
Secretary of State Before the U.N. General Assembly, November
16, 1956. 2. 2 1. ww ew we ee et wt tt 116
23. The Question of the Representation of China: Statement Made by
the U.S. Representative Before the General Committee of the
U.N. General Assembly, November 14,1956......... 122
24. The Question of the Representation of China: Resolution 1108 (XJ),
Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November 16, 1956. . 123
E. Admission of New Members
25. United States Sponsorship of the Admission of the Sudan to United
Nations Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Repre-
sentative Before the U.N. Security Council, February 6, 1956. . 123
26. Admission of the Sudan to United Nations Membership: Resolution
1110 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November
12, 1956. © 2 1 ww ww ww ew we ee te tw te ww 124
27. United States Support of the Admission of Morocco to United Nations
Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative
Before the U.N. Security Council, July 20,1956. ....4... 124
CONTENTS
Page
28. Admission of Morocco to United Nations Membership: Resolution
al (tn), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November
, 1956. 2. 2 2 ww ew ew ww ww wt wt tt tt tt 125
29. United States Support of the Admission of Tunisia to United Nations
Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative Before
the U.N. Security Council, July 26, 1956 (Excerpts). ..... 125
30. Admission of Tunisia to United Nations Membership: Resolution
1112 (XD, Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, November
, 1956... ww ee et et tt tt ht tt tt te 126
31. United States Sponsorship of the Admission of Japan to United Na-
tions Membership: Statement Made by the U.S. Representative
Before the U.N. Security Council, December 12, 1956..... 126
32. Admission of Japan to United Nations Membership: Resolution 1113
(XD), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 18,
127
33. United States Support of the Admission of the Republic of Korea and
the Republic of Viet-Nam to United Nations Membership: State-
ment Made by the U.S. Representative Before the Special Politi-
cal Committee of the U.N. General Assembly, January 23, 1957. 128
34. Request for Security Council Reconsideration of the Membership Ap-
plications of the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Viet-Nam:
esolution 1017 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly,
February 28, 1957. . . 2. 1. 2 2 1 ee ew ew ew ee te th tw 132
F. The Technical Assistance Program
35. United States Views on the United Nations Technical Assistance Pro-
gram: Statement Made by the Assistant Secretary of State for
International Organization Affairs Before the Subcommittee on
Internationa] Organizations and Movements of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, June 25, 1956. . 133
36. Allocation of Funds for the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance
for Calendar Year 1957: Resolution 1019 (XI), Adopted by the
U.N. General Assembly, December 7, 1956. ......4..-. 145
37. Implementation and Expansion of the United Nations Technical As-
sistance Programs: Resolution 1023 (XI), Adopted by the U.N.
General Assembly, December 21, 1956. . . ......++e- 146
38. Regulation of the Working Capital and Reserve Fund of the United
Nations Expanded Technical Assistance Program: Resolution 1022
(XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 22, 1956 . 147
39. Contributions Pledged to the United Nations Expanded Technical
Assistance Program for Calendar Year 1956 and Receipt of Same
as of December 31, 1956. . . 2. . 1 1 1 1 ee ee we ewe 149
G. Human Rights
40. United States Views on the Problem of Forced Labor: Statement Made
by the U.S. Representative Before the U.N. Economic and Social
ouncil, April 30,1956. ........5.22 2ee-e 4ee e 150
41. Forced Labor: Resolution 607 (X XI), Adopted by the U.N. Economic
and Social Council, May 1,1956. .........+24-4e868-. 156
42. The United States Position on the Supplementary Convention on the
Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Prac-
tices Similar to Slavery: Statement Made by the U.S. Representa-
tive Before the U.N. Conference on This Convention, Geneva,
August 15,1956... . 1... 2 2 ew ew ee wt tw th tw ° 157
Vo CONTENTS
H. Trusteeship
Page
43. Attainment of Self-Government or Independence by Trust Territories:
Resolution 1064 (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly,
February 26,1957. . . . 2..©. «© ce et tw te ww 159
I. Refugees
44. Approval of the Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees: Resolution 1039A (XI), Adopted by the U.N. General
Assembly, January 23,1957. . . 2. 1. 1 2 ee ew ew we we ews 160
J. Tourism
45. The Development of International Travel: Information Concerning
Action in the United States for Inclusion in the Report of the
U.N. Secretary-General Submitted to the Economic and Social
Council, November 23, 1956. . . 2. 2. 2. 2 0 1 0 ow ew ww 162
K. The Specialized Agencies
46. Eighth Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome,
November 4-25, 1955: Report by the Chairman of the U.S.
Delegation, Published March 12, 1956. ........... 176
47. Operations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-
ment During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956: Report of the
National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Fi-
nancial Problems on Its Activities During the Period January 1
to June 30, 1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton
Woods Agreements Act, January 16, 1957 (Excerpt). ..... 183
48. Operations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-
ment During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956: Report of
the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and
Financial Problems on Its Activities During the Period July 1 to
December 31, 1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton
Woods Agreements Act, June 26, 1957 (Excerpts). ...... 189
49. Tenth Session of the Assembly of the International Civil Aviation
Organization, Caracas, June 19—July 16, 1956: Report of the Chair-
man of the U.S. Delegation, August 16, 1956 (Excerpt)... . 197
50. Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation, En-
tered Into Force July 20,1956. . . . «© 2. 2 2 ee ew ew ww 213
51. Operations of the International Finance Corporation During the
Period January 1 to June 30, 1956: Report of the National Ad-
visory Council on International Monetary and Financial Prob-
lems on Its Activities During the Period January 1 to June 30,
1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agree-
ments Act, January 16, 1957 (Excerpt). . ......2..4.-. 229
52. Operations of the International Finance Corporation During the
Period July 1 to December 31, 1956: Report of the National Ad-
visory Council on International Monetary and Financial Prob-
lems on Its Activities During the Period July 1 to December 31,
1956, Pursuant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agree-
ments Act, June 26, 1957 (Excerpt)... ......-e+-e+s-. 230
53. Extension of the Privileges of the International Organizations Im-
munities Act of 1945 to the International Finance Corporation:
Executive Order No. 10680, October 2, 1956. ....2.2.2.2.. 233
54. Operations of the International Monetary Fund During the Period
January 1 to June 30, 1956: Report of the National Advisory
Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems on
Its Activities During the Period January 1 to June 30, 1956, Pur-
suant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act,
January 16, 1957 (Excerpts). .......+.s+s-+s-ceeee 234
CONTENTS
Page
55. Operations of the International Monetary Fund During the Period
July 1 to December 31, 1956: Report of the National Advisory
Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems on Its
Activities During the Period July 1 to December 31, 1956, Pur-
suant to Section 4(b)(5) of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act,
June 26, 1957 (Excerpt)... . 2. 2. ees ee ee ee eae 241
56. The United States Program for the Ninth General Conference of
UNESCO: Address by the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-
national Organization Affairs Before the U.S. National Commis-
sion for UNESCO, New York City, September 18, 1956 (Ex-
cerpt) . . . « e « « eee tw tt tt wt tt wt th tlt 248
57. The Ninth General Conference of UNESCO: Informal Report by the
Chairman of the U.S. Delegation, December 9, 1956. .... . 252
58. Ninth World Health Assembly, Geneva, May 8-25, 1956: Report of the
Chairman of the U.S. Delegation (Excerpts) co et ee eh tw 254
59. Extension of the Privileges of the International Organizations Im-
munities Act of 1945 to the World Meteorological Organization:
Executive Order No. 10676, September1,1956. ........ 272
PART III. WESTERN HEMISPHERE DEVELOPMENTS
Inter-American Political Consultations

>
. North American Consultations: Letters Exchanged by the Heads of

S
Government of the United States, Canada, and Mexico Following
Their Informal Meeting at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia,
March 26-28, 1956 . . 1... 2. 1 ee ew we we ww tee ww 273
61. Operation of the Provisions of the 1954 Declaration of Caracas:
Replies Made by the Secretary of State to Questions Asked at
a News Conference, April 17, 1956 (Excerpts) ........ 275
62. Inter-American Cooperative Efforts for the Welfare of the Individual:
Address by the President Before the Meeting of Heads of Gov-
ernment of the American Republics, Panama City, July 22,
1956. 2 2. 1 we ew we ww tt tt ht tt th hth we tw 276
63. Declaration of Panama, Signed by the Presidents of the American
Republics, Panama City, July 22,1956 .......2.e.-. ° 278
64. Arrangements for Convening the Inter-American Committee of
Presidential Representatives: Circular Note From the United
States Ambassadors in the American Republics to the Govern-
ments to Which Accredited, Made Public August 13, 1956... 279
65. First Session of the Inter-American Committee of Presidential Repre-
sentatives, Washington, September 17-19, 1956: Final m-
muniqué Issued September 19,1956. . . . 2... 2 2 e 2 °
B. United States Policy in Latin America
66. United States Policy in Latin America as Reflected in United States
Relations With Brazil: Address by the Vice President of the
United States, Volta Redonda, Brazil, February 3, 1956 .... 283
C. The Organization of American States
67. Activities of the Organization of American States During the Period
July 1, 1955 to June 30, 1956: Report of the Secretary General
289
of the OAS for the Fiscal Year 1955-1956 (Excerpts) .....
68. Budget of the Organization of American States for the Fiscal Year
July 1, 1956—-June 30, 1957: Resolution Adopted by the Council
313
of the OAS, January 18, 1956. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
x CONTENTS
Page
69. Scale of Assessment of Members of the Organization of American
States for the Fiscal Year July 1, 1956-—June 30, 1957: Resolution
Adopted by the Council of the OAS, January 18,1956... .. 315
D. Peaceful Settlement Under the Rio Pact
70. Compliance With Article IV of the Pact of Amity Between Costa Rica
and Nicaragua: Agreement Signed by Representatives of Costa
Rica and Nicaragua at Washington, January 9,1956 ..... 316
71. Functions of the Commission of Investigation and Conciliation:
Agreement Signed by Representatives of Costa Rica and Nica-
ragua at Washington, January 9,1956......2.2.2.2.2.. 320
72. Approval of the Report of the Special Committee in the Dispute
Between Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Resolution Adopted by the
Council of the Organization of American States, January 18, 1956 . 322
E. The Inter-American Peace Committee
73. Statutes of the Inter-American Peace Committee, Approved by the
Council of the Organization of American States, May 9,1956. . . 323
F. Territorial Waters and Related Questions
74. “Principles of Mexico’’ on the Juridical Regime of the Sea: Resolution
XIII of the Third Meeting of the Inter-American Council of
Jurists, Approved February 3,1956 .. . .....2..26 326
75. Reservation of the United States to the ‘‘Principles of Mexico’’ on the
Juridical Regime of the Sea, February 3,1956 ........ 328
76. System of Territorial Waters and Related Questions: Resolution XIV
of the Third Meeting of the Inter-American Council of Jurists,
Approved February 3, 1956 329
77. Continental Shelf, Marine Resources, and Territorial Waters: Reso-
lution I (Resolution of Ciudad Trujillo) of the Inter-American
Specialized Conference on Conservation of Natural Resources,
the Continental Shelf, and Marine Waters, Approved March 26,
1956. 6 1 1 wee ee ee ee ee ee et ee 330
78. Statement by the Delegation of the United States on the Resolution
of Ciudad Trujillo, March 28, 1956 331
G. Economic, Social, and Cultural Developments
79. Effect of United States Surplus Cotton Disposal Policies on the
Economy of Latin America: Resolution 18/56 Adopted by the
Inter-American Economic and Social Council, May 8, 1956. . . 332
80. Declarations, Resolutions, and Recommendations Contained in the
Final Act of the Second Inter-American Meeting of Ministers of
Education, Signed at Lima, May 9, 1956 (Ixcerpts)...... 334
81. Bases for the Program of Technical Cooperation of the Organization
of American States: Resolution 29/56 Adopted by the Inter-
American Economic and Social Council, September 28, 1956 . . 349
82. Additional Consideration of the Effect of United States Surplus Cotton
Disposal Policies on the Economy of Latin America: Resolution
36/56 Adopted by the Inter-American Economic and Social
Council, December 21,1956 .......2.6..6+42+4+24e8868-. 356
H. The Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway
83. The Great Lakes Basin Compact: Statement by the Deputy Legal
Adviser of the Department of State Before a Subcommittee of
‘ the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, August 27,1956 .. . 3538