American Education, Democracy, and the Second World War This page intentionally left blank American Education, Democracy, and the Second World War Charles Dorn American Education,Democracy,and the Second World War Copyright © Charles Dorn,2007. All rights reserved.No part ofthis book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case ofbrief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 and Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire,England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint ofthe Palgrave Macmillan division ofSt.Martin’s Press,LLC and ofPalgrave Macmillan Ltd.Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53969-7 ISBN 978-0-230-60888-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230608887 Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library ofCongress. A catalogue record ofthe book is available from the British Library. Design by Scribe Inc. First edition:October 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Mary Ann Dorn and Katherine Bulkley Philips, veterans of the World War II homefront, and for LeRoy Edmund Dorn and Charles Earl Philips, veterans of the World War II battlefront. This page intentionally left blank Contents List ofIllustrations ix Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction:Democracy’s Citadel 1 2 Promoting the “Public Welfare”at Stanford University 25 3 Palo Alto Schools at War 61 4 “An Avalanche Hits Richmond” 95 5 Wartime Nursery Schools in Richmond 127 6 Education in a Time ofWar 163 Notes 179 Selected Bibliography 227 Index 251 This page intentionally left blank List of Illustrations Figure 2.1 Stanford University enrollment,1940/45 29 Figure 2.2 Uniformed students—Members ofthe Army 41 Specialized Training Program on the history corner steps during World War II Table 3.1 Number ofclass periods offered per week, 69 Palo Alto High School,1939/45 Figure 3.1 Palo Alto VEND expenditures,1940/45 80 Figure 3.2 Palo Alto average daily attendance,1939/45 81 Figure 5.1 USMC nursery school,c.1943 149 Figure 5.2 Two-year-old student art 150 Figure 5.3 Four-year-old student art 151