American Economic History PDF
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American Economic History American Economic History A Dictionary and Chronology JAMES S. OLSON AND ABRAHAM O. MENDOZA Copyright © 2015 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Olson, James Stuart, 1946– American economic history : a dictionary and chronology / James S. Olson and Abraham O. Mendoza. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-61069-697-5 (hardback) — ISBN 978-1-61069-698-2 (e-book) 1. United States—Economic conditions—Dictionaries. I. Title. HC102.O56 2015 330.973003—dc23 2014048826 ISBN: 978-1-61069-697-5 EISBN: 978-1-61069-698-2 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Preface xxxix Adair v. United States (208 U.S. 161) 1 Adams, John Quincy 1 Adamson Act 2 Adams–Onís Treaty 2 Addyston Pipe and Steel Company v. U.S. (175 U.S. 211) 3 Adjusted Compensation Act of 1936 3 Adkins v. Children’s Hospital (261 U.S. 525) 4 Advertising 4 Affirmative Action 5 Affordable Care Act 6 Afghanistan War and the War on Terror 6 Agency for International Development 11 Agribusiness 12 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 12 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 13 Agricultural Adjustment Administration 14 Agricultural Credits Act of 1923 16 Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929 16 Agricultural Marketing Agreement of 1937 17 Agricultural Revolution 17 Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 17 Agriculture, Department of 18 Agriculture Act of 1948 18 Agriculture Act of 1954 18 Agriculture Act of 1970 19 Agriculture Act of 1973 19 vi Contents Aid to Families with Dependent Children 19 Air Mail Act of 1925 20 Air Mail Act of 1934 21 Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 21 Airline Pilots Association 22 Alaska Commercial Company 22 Alaska Pipeline 22 Aldrich, Winthrop Williams 23 Alliance for Progress 23 Altmeyer, Arthur Joseph 24 Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers 25 Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America 25 Amazon 26 American Agricultural Movement 26 American Association for Old Age Security 27 American Association of Retired Persons 27 American Bimetallic League 27 American Colonization Society 28 American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) 29 American Farm Bureau Federation 29 American Federation of Labor 30 American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations 31 American Federation of Teachers 31 American Medical Association 32 American Motors Corporation 32 American Railway Union 33 American Revolution 33 American Stock Exchange 35 American System 35 American Telephone and Telegraph 35 Americans for Prosperity Foundation (AFP) 36 Amtrak 37 Annapolis Convention 38 Antitrust 38 Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 39 Apple 39 Contents vii Arab Oil Embargo of 1973–1974 40 Arbitrage 40 Armour, Philip Danforth 41 “Arsenal of Democracy” 41 Articles of Confederation 41 Ashwander et al. v. Tennessee Valley Authority (297 U.S. 288) 42 Associationalism 43 Assumption of State Debts 43 Astor, John Jacob 44 Astor, William Vincent 44 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway 45 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad 45 Atomic Energy Act of 1954 46 Automobile 46 Awalt, Francis Gloyd 48 Bailey v. Drexel Furniture (259 U.S. 20) 49 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 49 Bank Holiday 50 Bank of America 51 Bank of the United States 52 Bankhead Cotton Control Act of 1934 52 Bankhead–Jones Farm Tenancy Act of 1937 53 Banking Act of 1933 54 Banking Act of 1935 55 Barton, Bruce 56 Baruch, Bernard Mannes 57 Beard, Charles Austin 57 Bechtel, Stephen Davison 58 Beck, David 58 Beef Trust Cases 58 Beer Tax Act 59 Bell, Alexander Graham 59 Benefits 59 Bering Sea Controversy 61 Berle, Adolf Augustus 61 Bernanke, Ben 62 viii Contents Berry, George Leonard 64 Biddle, Nicholas 65 Bimetallism 65 Birdseye, Clarence 66 Bitcoin 66 Black, Eugene Robert 67 Black, John Donald 67 Black Belt 67 Black Codes 68 “Black Monday” 68 “Black Monday” 68 “Black Thursday” 68 “Black Tuesday” 69 Bland, Richard Parks 69 Blue-Collar 70 Boeing, William Edward 70 Boll Weevil 70 Bolshevism 70 Bonneville Power Administration 71 Bonus Army 71 Borden, Gail 71 Boston Police Strike of 1919 72 Boston Tea Party of 1773 72 Boyer, Joseph 73 Boyle, William Anthony 73 Braceros 74 Brain Trust 74 Brandeis, Louis Dembitz 75 Breadlines 76 Bretton Woods Conference 76 Brook Farm 76 Brookings, Robert Somers 77 Brookings Institution 77 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 78 Brown, Harvey Winfield 78 Bryan, William Jennings 79 Contents ix Bryce, James 80 Bucareli Agreement of 1923 80 Buckmaster, Leland Stanford 81 Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 81 Buffalo 81 Buffett, Warren 82 Bulkeley, Morgan Gardner 82 Bull Market 83 Burlington Northern Railroad 84 Burns, Arthur Frank 84 Bush, George H. W. 85 Bush, George W. 87 Business Advisory Council 88 Business Conferences of 1929 89 Business Cycle Committee 89 Business–Industry Political Action Committee 90 Butterfield, John 90 Capone, Alphonse 91 Capper, Arthur 91 Capper–Tincher Act of 1921 92 Capper–Volstead Act of 1922 92 Carey Act of 1894 93 Carnegie, Andrew 93 Carrier, Willis Haviland 94 Carson, Rachel 95 Carter, Jimmy 95 Carter v. Carter Coal Company (298 U.S. 238) 99 Cato Institute 99 Celler–Kefauver Act of 1950 100 Central Pacific Railroad 100 Chamber of Commerce 100 Chandler, Harry 101 Chandler Act of 1938 102 Chapin, Roy Dikeman, Jr. 102 Chase Manhattan Bank 103 Chavez, Cesar Estrada 103
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