American Democracy Now

1202 Pages·2016·19.84 MB·English

by  Brigid Callahan Harrison, Jean Harris

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Concept Clips

Expanded to now include audio, Concept Clips are engaging videos that walk students through
the more difficult concepts in the American government course (such as the Electoral College,
Supreme Court procedures, or how to evaluate a public opinion poll).

Interactive Data Analysis

Help your students consume political data in a meaningful way. Students in the American
Government course now have the ability to interact with political data visualizations to gain
insight into important factors that shape our political process. Students can review electoral
turnout over time or contemplate how demographic shifts in the American population will
impact future elections. These interactive charts and maps are paired with auto-grade and
critical thinking questions to enhance student understanding.

To learn more about American Government visit the McGraw-Hill Education American
Government page: bit.ly/MHEAmGov

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AMERICAN DEMOCRACY NOW, FIFTH EDITION

Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2017
by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Previous editions © 2015, 2013, and 2011. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the
prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network
or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers
outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

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ISBN 978-1-259-54878-9
MHID 1-259-54878-3

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Michelle Deardorff: © Jaimie Davis

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Harrison, Brigid C., author. | Harris, Jean (Jean Wahl), 1960- author.

| Deardorff, Michelle D., author.

Title: American democracy now / Bridgid Callahan Harrison, Jean Wahl Harris,

Michelle D. Deardorff.

Description: Fifth edition. | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016047073 | ISBN 9781259548789 (loose-leaf)
Subjects: LCSH: United States—Politics and government—Textbooks. |

Political participation—United States—Textbooks. | BISAC: POLITICAL
SCIENCE / Government / National.

Classification: LCC JK276 .H36 2016 I DDC 320.473—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016047073

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion
of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and
McGraw-Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these
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mheducation.com/highered

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Brief
Contents

CHAPTER 1
PEOPLE, POLITICS, AND PARTICIPATION
2

CHAPTER 2
THE CONSTITUTION
32

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
74

CHAPTER 3
FEDERALISM
84

CHAPTER 4
CIVIL LIBERTIES
114

CHAPTER 5
CIVIL RIGHTS
150

CHAPTER 6
POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION AND PUBLIC OPINION
186

CHAPTER 7
INTEREST GROUPS
216

CHAPTER 8
POLITICAL PARTIES
246

CHAPTER 9
CAMPAIGNS, ELECTIONS, AND VOTING
280

CHAPTER 10
THE MEDIA
314

CHAPTER 11
POLITICS AND TECHNOLOGY
338

CHAPTER 12
CONGRESS
370

CHAPTER 13
THE PRESIDENCY
404

CHAPTER 14
THE BUREAUCRACY
438

CHAPTER 15
THE JUDICIARY
468

CHAPTER 16
ECONOMIC POLICY
498

CHAPTER 17
DOMESTIC POLICY
528

CHAPTER 18
FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY
558

CHAPTER 19 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
594

APPENDIXES
A: The Declaration of Independence A-1
B: Federalist No. 10 B-1
C: Federalist No. 51 C-1
D: The Declaration of Sentiments D-1

GLOSSARY G-1

INDEX I-1

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Contents

Part I
Foundations
of
American

Democracy

1 PEOPLE, POLITICS, AND PARTICIPATION 2

y shd u stdy am dem now? Or, Why Should You Study American Democracy Now 3

How Technology Has Changed Politics 4
The Political Context Now 4
Civic Engagement: Acting on Your Views 6

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT DEMOCRACY: Does the Youth Vote Matter 7

What Government Does 8

Types of Government 9

GLOBAL CONTEXT: Government Legitimacy in Nigeria 10

The Origins of American Democracy 11

Democracy’s Origins in Popular Protest: The Influence of the Reformation and the

Enlightenment 11

The Modern Political Philosophy of Hobbes and Locke 12
The Creation of the United States as an Experiment in Representative Democracy 12

Political Culture and American Values 13

Liberty 13
Equality 14
Capitalism 15
Consent of the Governed 15
Individual, Family, and Community 15

Ideology: A Prism for Viewing American Democracy 16

Liberalism 16

ANALYZING THE SOURCES: Millennials’ Views of the Judicial System 17
Conservatism 17
Other Ideologies on a Traditional Spectrum: Socialism and Libertarianism 18
A Three-Dimensional Political Model 19

The Changing Face of American Democracy 19

A Population That Is Growing—and on the Move 20
An Aging Population 21
A Changing Complexion: Race and Ethnicity in the United States Today 22
Changing Households: American Families Today 24
Why the Changing Population Matters for Politics and Government 25
2 THE CONSTITUTION 32

What Is a Constitution? 33

The Creation of the United States of America 34

British Policies Incite Revolution in the Colonies 35

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT DEMOCRACY: Taxation without Representation: Should
Congress Approve Statehood for Washington, D.C.? 36
The Common Sense of Declaring Independence 38
The State Constitutions 39
The Articles of Confederation (1781–1789) 40

Crafting the Constitution: Compromise, Ratification, and Quick Amendment 41

Areas of Consensus 42
Conflict and Compromise over Representative Democracy 43
Conflict and Compromise over Slavery 46

GLOBAL CONTEXT: Protection Against Sex Discrimination in Constitutions Around the
Globe 47
What About a Bill of Rights? 48
Congress Sends the Constitution to the States for Ratification 48
The Federalist–Anti-Federalist Debate 50

ANALYZING THE SOURCES: Article V: Convening a Convention for Proposing
Constitutional Amendment 51
Ratification (1788) and Amendment with the Bill of Rights (1791) 53

The Constitution as a Living, Evolving Document 53

Formal Amendment of the Constitution 54
Interpretation by the U.S. Supreme Court 54

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 62

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3 FEDERALISM 84

An Overview of the U.S. Federal System 85

Unitary System 86
Confederal System 86
Federal System 86
What the Federal System Means for U.S. Citizens 87

Constitutional Distribution of Authority 89

Concurrent Powers 89

GLOBAL CONTEXT: Federal Systems of North America 90
National Sovereignty 90
State Sovereignty 91
Supreme Court Interpretation of the Constitution’s Distribution of Authority 93
State-to-State Obligations: Horizontal Federalism 94
Judicial Federalism 95

Evolution of Intergovernmental Relations in the Federal System 96

Dual Federalism 96
Cooperative Federalism 97
Centralized Federalism 97
Conflicted Federalism 97
Constitutional Amendments and the Evolution of Federalism 99

THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT DEMOCRACY: Can State Governments Nullify National
Law? 100