american cooperation with. higher education abroad

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AMERICAN COOPERATION WITH.
HIGHER EDUCATION ABROAD
A SURVEY OF CURRENT PROGRAMS
bY
PAUL S.
BODENMAN
Division qf Internationai Education
Office qf Education
with the cooperation of
.The Inters,Agency Committee
on
The Pregident's Baylor PrOposals
Bulletin 1957, No. 8
:r
I.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF
BEAM!,
. EDUCATION AND WELFARE'
!WARM 0: -ftSeltii Secretary
t A A
Office ollEtktestioni .'LaWititPatCar4 immucit,commissitamer
,t:
Erctwpts from the Pre;idwat's Commencement Address
Baylor University, Waco, Ter.,.May 25, 1956
". . . Many nations, although their cultures are ancient
and rich in human values, do *not possess the resources to
spread the needed education throughout their -populations.
But they can wisely use help that respects their traditions
and ways.
I
For example, the whole free world would -be stronger if
there existed adequate institutions of modern techniques
and sciences in areas of the world where the hunger for
knowledge and the ability to use knowledge are unsatisfied
because educational facilities are often not equal to the
existing need.
Do we not find here a worthy challenge to America's
universities and to their graduates? I firmly believe that
if some or all ofour great universities, strongly supported by
private foundations that exist in number' throughout our
1an4, sparked by the zeal and fire of educated Americans,
would devote themselves to this Asia the prospects for a
peaceful and prosperous world 'would be mightily enhanced.
In no respect should the purpose of these institutions be to
transplant into a \new area the attitudes, the forms, the pro-
cedures of America. The staffing, the conduct, the curricu-
lum of each school would be the tespontibility of the people
where thischool mikht be built.
Each schoolwould helpeach nation deve<0lop itshumsin %Rd
natiaral resources and also provide a great two-way avenue
of communication. We would gain new knowledge and
wisdom out of the prict&ss values of another people's
lions and proud hail They would gain kiwi:Fledge
kis Ui. technical and scientific fields where we have had an
earlier start. 4
111
nr AMERICAN COOPERATION Tuna HIGHER EDUCATION ABROAD
Such a voluntary effort in people-to-people partnership
would be a dynamic, a fruitful corollary to three elements
already effectively at work in our governmental foreign
policy.
To our atoms for peace program.
To our efforts to establish a climate in which universal
disarmament can go forward.
To our long-sustained campaign for the exchange, of
knowledge and factual information Vween peoples...."
4-
4
%4
Contenv
t
rocs
FOREWORD _ a .......... air
IX
THE PURPOSE ANT) SCOPE OF THE SURVEY
1
v
Part I. Nongovernmental Prop/ions
,
CHAPTER 1. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
7
Cooperation with U. S. Government Program? ......
7
....... aa. a.lb...10....
University Contracts , __
......._ _ _ i
Provision of Speciahsts ,. -.p.a....v..___.. .... 8
Maintenance of Institutions in Other Countrits_ ._ __ _ __I 9
, 'file Near East College Association ____ -. = =... 9
4P
Uni Affiliations ...... _
.......................__ .. a ... _ .... .._ _ _ _ ... _ _ 9
The Development of Area Study Programs
- _ ...4010 ..... .s. i 0
... .1.4,1
Area Studies atAmerican Universities
10
lir mlw soIM, .w a/ a& .0 .= SP
American Studies in Foreign Universities____ .. ..
1 I
Exchange of Persons................. ..........., .
= ... osi 1 1
Progriumi for Short-Term Visitors_ .. . _ ...
. _ . 1 1
Membership in National and.International Sociiiies__- _. 12
IM
CHAPTER II. FOUNDATIONS M.41. ell..... MI 13
alb 4=0 MI, M. GP - 41mb411.1416 II.
The American-Korean Foundation .. ...
4101 ..... MP 13
, AIP . I=114M. MO . 41=
TThhee AAmriaerFicaonu--nScdanodliinoavnia..n..F.o..u....,...,.i.o.n._..... _. _. IM.e =1. .. 1001,1001 .M1I. M.. W.O. 4.0.M.E..... AO 4 1143
a.
_
Books for Asian Stude..r.ats____..... .....__ 1M.m ew MI O GM ..... 14
Belgian American Edseational Foundation_ . via der 1110.....0 14
Carnegie corporation of New York = = .........
. .8,01P=1.11411Mr= = 15
China Medical Board of New York,
Ine...................... 15
00 IP.m, Aft W. m. 40
The Commonwealth Fund, New York, N. Y ,...... 16
The Doris puke Foundation................
, ...... imoolepoomossabili 16
,
Edward W. Hazen Foundation.,..................................... ..., 17
VI CONTENT*
so. -
CHAPTER h. FOUNDATION ----Continued
Pape
The Ford Foundation .
......w MD ..M a 01 .. m ... obNio.eOP ill 4. 17
John Simon thiggenAeim Memorial Foundation .
1 7
The Rockefeller Foundation . ... ...._
.. 18
The Rgiary Foundation.of Rotary Inlernational ..... _ .11.11 ...OP IS
............ .
The 11. K. Kellogg Foundation ..... .......
19
iVenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropoiotficai &search,
Inc.............. ..... .....
so op 19
..... 7
CHAPTER III. ,RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS ....... . 20
PP
Religious Organizations and TechnicalAssisiante
= 21
The Protestant Foreign Missionary Enierprise of the Upued
States ..
_ 21
11.4. ew a. V d'
The Educational Work of Prdtestant Foreign Mission& -).)
_ 40
IWerboard Committeefor Christian Mirk in Jcipan_
23
The Methodist'Church......... .... . ... .
UP mlb .... 23
National Council of Churches of Indonesia
_ .2a 23
The Presbyterian ChurcA in tius United7Sielie. of Ameiica_. 23
The Roman Catholic churcA . .. ...
24
atffa ..
Tht Seventh-Day Adveniist .
25
......
Tht Unitarian Service Committee 25
Op 0. Op op gm MO OP111. 00
United Boardfor Christian Rioter Edication in Asia_ 16
Japan.-
/ United Church'of Christ in
..........o....... ..... .....!..... ... ... 27
United. aura of Christ in as Plat'. ii..-1i --. - -.. a II II 41 ow P .4. 27
.....
CHAPTER IV. OTHER NONGOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMS 29
... .. ......
Professional and Service Organizations..
es. op 4IN C 24§
The American Council of Learned Societies, Inc__........ , 29
The American Council on Education.,.......................: 29
American Friends of the Middle East, Inc
30
fib OW 'IM, 410' I.' - .
The American Litrary Association.........
..dl.lo.a.ri.m.Ip.lase 31
The American Universities Field Staff....
-31
I. The Conference Board of Associated Brch Coun-
s. cils:............. ......... ........................ -.4....
31
The Institute of Internationalliiducation........................ 32
National Academy of Sciences-National Research
Council............................................................ , 32
,
The National Education AssoOation....:....... ...... 33
4,1 The Social Science Research C.ounciLs., .. .. ........ 33
The United States Book Exchange, Ine..,.........4.,.......... . 34
Business and Industry.... I. ID oa.ft le .....:... 34
all ab alON 410 4110dm al,4111 an a.Ip
CONTENTS vu
CHAPTER IV. MIER .
NONGOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMS---Con.
International Nongovernmental Organ'iztaiione in Which
United States .O.r.g.a.ni.zations oi United Stale,' Ciii2ems Pow
Partici
Mb 4.6 fr 66. 40 as op or 6. 66. op 656 61. 41. 626 , 35
International Association of Universities
_ 35
Isiternationai Association of University Profttlsors and
Lecturers .....
World ConfMeration of OrOgaMaI, anl. izations of th41e0 Teaching. 25
Profession_______ _____._ ..... 35
World University Service ..... -
:36
Part II. U. S. Government Programs
CHAPTER V. INTERNATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE___, 39
..... .... ...
,,* The Smith-Aftindi ArL
39
Me FulbrIght Act _ .... .. ...... .. _ . . ... . _ _ ..... ,39
Convention for the Promotion oj 1Wer-Arnerican etiliural
.........
Relaiious _. ,,
-...................... .. _ .........._... 40
The Finnish Exchange 4d
.... eiND....01. O.,...= 4/0 M 4. 40 INDMO . 40
India
Emergency Food ikiti Aci of 19(51 ..........._______
.. 41
...... ........
Occupied Areas Program , 7
' _ _ 41
Program Operations 40 ..... ..... ,
MID .0 la 16 . 41
The Student Program ,
i 42
IV AP MP AO alb olvviaIlr Alb.......
Lectureis and Research Scholar; ....... ...
. _ ow 42
LCeoandfeerresn,cSepseocinahHsitgah,earn EddTucePacahtieorns_...\........ O.P 4.11._._.4.0.SIw MaOu IN, 42
CCooonptrearcattiAongeWnciitehsPrivate A..g.e,nc,4i0e..s0e4V g0l 0.. A.m.IN.., ....... 6.ow.. 41..I.. 444222 ,1
. Funds . .....
43 .
.
I.
CHAP.TER VI: TECHNICAL COOPERATION __ ... _..... 41
, Historical Background .
ao GOD 11. .....too me, Oa 44
k Te.Anical Cooperation and Higher Education . 45
TechnicalAssistant. Training.. ,
. ..-t --. - .- a.l .41.. 6b IVT ......P In. '' 'IP' .1.' (1.. .1. . 46
.
cooPerating Ageneeit .... mil aii air a. 46
University Contract Programs..... _ ........
---.... 47
.
,F1r 'I .Funds..Opa. 0 op go ip am egAtm40 eb ap eft dm,ABOODGMIDellIMOWASOMP4p=o11qffia 48 q
CHAPTER vict. INFORMATION PROGRAMS _ .... _ _ _...... 49
1
InforImlia ItniofnorCmenatteiroS.neravincde,,..B......i .n . a. .t..i.o.. nqal*D..C 5, ceo fsn. . t. .e. ..r... .P ... r. .o ...gra.m.,......... 5510
Presentation ilrogram.° . .... .
52
Book Translation Program (So
55
p.
,o
A,
40,
e
VM CONTENTS
CHAPTER VIL INFORMATION PROGRAMContinued
Information Cotter ServiceContinued rep
....... ........ .....
Exhibits Program...
65
.......... .44........em 44 40ab dor .....
English Teaching 56
= ........ ,11114 4114A .Gib 40 OD
Press Service _ 56
OP' 414 04.04 kwwOD MD *IMI IND 4111P 1114 MD 41 4=11' CO AS 44101.4111111 aboe.
Broadcasting Service MD ........ 57
....................... OD IMI/ MD 41 MA la UM ow mow ow am ow
Radio_ 57
........... wow sup -.mg. alp qm mo g.o! O.M MP CO .4MII
Television 57
imp cip
Motion Picture Service . ... 58
Office of Private Cooperation 59
1pmOD. .0 am. mommi. OM... aftow
CHAPTER VIII. OTHER GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS 61
..........
The Atomic Energy Commission ...... .... 5 6
mn,
.5. .. .
The Department of the Army 5 ,d15.0ww1OIMIAMODO011...0 61
.. ...
The Library of Congress.... 62
. .... _...._. w w II w 41... ... wi-owo w. ow.- o.w o. p..m .40
The Office of Education 62
OP filo law OD AD Mb IN, OW A. WO- OF 016 OW* WO Mb- OP, WO . IO
The Smithsonian Institidion ...... ....... -44 44 ow 44.44 ow 44oi 63
.....
Foreign Visitorsow 44 4. 00-4. 40 41.46 OW 44-46 40 40..40 A.4li0 ow S. 55.,5mia.ow, dir 63
CHAPTER IX. UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN INTYRNA-
.......
TIONAL GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES 65
044o O.wO.4-11.4 O.wes. dm AEI 44.40. awes 4o us
The United A T. '35
4, $ dab ea 41._ ow ow as,
The Exp ded Program of Technical Assistance for
....
Economic Development....._ 65
IMP alb wow oloDmat alo WO..1D .II MSglo. .11
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul-
......
tural Organizatio.n ........ MI... 40 400 4o4.. 66
Education 67
Natural Sciences. . ...... .....4 44.0..a.fo 444 44414 OD Moo" o4 410 4. de NO WM OP 67
ob sr ow 40 44 or 4w4 Ow AND 40 .ww
Social Sciences 67
WM WM op ow sat amiw 414 MI M.D - ...... Ala 1111-0144 1110 4141. AIIP. OP GB. 4=4
Exchange of Persons 68
Other Specialized Agencies 68
4M. OW goo alb Ob woo lab440.Imbonl on dinaftow 4WD
The United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency. 68
The Organization of American States 68
The Department of Cultural Affairs, Pan American
..
Union 69
IIP I..... lea 414 es -44.40 401!44 IMO410 IMPWOOW44.4
Caribbean 69
CaribbeanCommisaton 40. gab ow eg ow, 41, Nib 011o op sob alb or .1. op alp'
Part III. Partkipating Colleges and Universities
Plan of Presentation 73
444-140 44 44. 44 44. 44, aw .ww
Institutions in the United States (alphabetical listing by
State)............a, .A..... .... r 3 76
ow ow ow ow ow ow ow ow ow ow wo, do. ww. wo wo wa. 4111
Instilutions Abroad (alphabetical listing by coun4 136
Summary of Part III....s . 4 s/glossa's S4I .s S S; ' 206
...gla.AM. Aft AO ...........OD On 41O OP611 SAM 40MAW OP OD
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY... 207
ANAL 40. arODII IN.4110 44 Owea 40
oreword
WHEN PRESIDENT EISENHOWER, in his commencement
address at Baylor University, called upon American universi-
ties and foundations to participate in the development,of educational
opportunities abroad, it was evident that a number of situations re-
quiring United States Government action or decision might arise.
The White House, therefore, assigned to the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare the responsibility for any followup on the
President's proposals that might be necessary or desirable from the
standpoint of the Government. Since a number of Federal agencies
are concerned with higher education abroad, the "Inter-Agency Com-,
mittee on the President's Baylor Proposals" was established. The
Under Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare serves as Chairman of this committee. Membership on the com-
mittee includes the Department of State, the International Coopera-
tion Administration, the United States Information Agency, 'the
Department ofDefense, theExecutive Offices ofthe President,the Oper-
ations CoordinatingBoard, and the Departmentof Health, Education,
and Welfare, together with two of its constitutent agendas, theUnited
States Office of Education and theUnited StatesPublic HealthService.
A number of meetings have been held to discuss the Government's
role in relation to the President's proposals. Since his appeal was
directed to private institutions, it was dear from the President's
address that his emphasis here was not on new frg extfnded Govern-
ment programs. Any action by private agencies would, however,
bear a relationship to both governmental and nongovernmental pro-
grams that are already in progress. As a first step, therefore, the
committee decided to develop a brief survey of existing programs to
stimulate interest among institutions and organizations of all types
and to provide some factual data that could serve as a basis for plan-
ning programsand activities.
. It is hoped that this survey will be useful to all agencies, govern.*
mental and private, that are interested in developing internationg
cooperation in education.
American Cooperation With Higher
Edum
cation Abroad: A Survey of Current
Programs
The Purppe and Scope of the Survey
RESIDENT Eisenhower, in his commencement address at Baylor
University, called. upon American universities, supported by
private foundations, to devote themselves to the development of edu-
cational facilities abroad in areas where such facilities are inadequate
or are entirely lacking. At the same time he pointed out the need
for the developmentof knowledgeand understanding of other peoples
by our own people. His appeal was directed primarily toward educa-
tion beyond the secondary school. It emphasized action by non-
governmental agencies.
To stimulate interest among educational institutions, private
foundatiomoand other groups, a survey of programs that are already
in progress will undoubtedly be of value. This is the purpose of this
report.
The survey will restrict itself to progrims concerned with higher
education. More specifically, it will Emphasize those programs that
lead to tke establishment of new centers of learning or the develop-
ment of existing ones. Many programs are designed specifically for
this purpme. Others, although they may have a primary purpose
that is much broaderthan the scope-of this study, contribute directly
or indirectly to the institutional improvement of higher education
both in the United States and abroad.
Frowently, the influence of these prwanw; on higher education
cannot be tabulated institution by institution. To attempt to trace
the effect of all international educationiiactivities-on each institution
that might betouched by than would require a research wc4grani far
.beyond the resources of the Inter
. Committee respwsible for
1
2 AMERICAN COOPERATI6N WITH HIGHER EDUCATION ABROAD
this survey. It is possible, however, on the basis of readily available
information,..to develop a broad picture of international cooperation
in higher education, specific enough to illustrate, on a worldwide
scale, the types of activities that are in progress, the approximate
scope of these activities, and the agencies that are engaged in them.
As a general guide to the scope of the survey, the committee agreed
upon the following types of activities:
1. Interuniversity contracts or other arrangements through
which American universities assist a foreign university to
improve its faculty, teaching mearods, equipment, and cur-
riculum. Closely related to this program is the establish-
ment or support of institutions abroati by other agencies,
such as foundations, religious organizations, and cotberg.
2 Special seminars or other activiities, including presentation of
books and teaching materials, designed to interpret to influ-
ential foreign officials or scholars the role of American uni-
versities, their organization, methodology, and curriculum.
3. Exchange-of-persons activities which provide opportunities
for study, teaching, research, and observation to staff mem-
bers of institutions of higher education and of Administrative
agencies concerned with h*ther education.
Khe term "higher educatim" is used here for all types of insti-
tutions beyond the secondary kvei, including teatimr-training
institutions. Althoughsometeacherwtrng.institutions abroad
provide training at the secondary level, the getoral trend in all
countries is to raisp teacher training to the higher educatim level
as rapidly as conditions permit.
Typical catEgories of perms.engaged in these activities ant
American at fmeign Wstitutioils and kreign lecture*at
American institutions; leaders, specialists, and research scholais
engaged in projects related to the dqvelopment cd curricula,
,
facilities, 'or the administration of higher educatkm; staff mem-
bers of colleges and universities atkienthng other instAtaition. se
advanced students; andstudents preparing for staff positions in
higher education.
,
4. Certain other program that flake a mntribution to. the
development of 114xixt such
as-the United States
Information program. :
Thesurveywill be mien* inthree partalpart . nongovernmental
programs; part II, United asks Givernraes4 wograms; and part
III, poticipstingcolleges and universities. I: f. '11,1 ,;t 4k
The material for part I mut 'elected horn the *usual reports,
and ctwrelponchnee of mu4geviwomesAat imakaibm 4kmi
organizations. No questionnaires were distributed or other survey