Table Of Content

Surgical Forum XLVI Contents CHAPTER I Nutrition/Metabolism II Inflammatory Cells III Sepsis and Shock IV Cytokines/Nitric Oxide Vv Alimentary Tract VI Cardiothoracic Vascular Transplantation IX Oncology X Gynecology and Obstetrics XI Neurological Surgery XII Orthopaedic Surgery XIII Outcomes and Quality of Life XIV Pediatric Surgery XV Plastic Surgery XVI __—Urology/Reproductive Biology Index of Authors Surgical Forum XLVI Contents CHAPTER I Nutrition/Metabolism II Inflammatory Cells III Sepsis and Shock IV Cytokines/Nitric Oxide Vv Alimentary Tract VI Cardiothoracic Vascular Transplantation IX Oncology X Gynecology and Obstetrics XI Neurological Surgery XII Orthopaedic Surgery XIII Outcomes and Quality of Life XIV Pediatric Surgery XV Plastic Surgery XVI __—Urology/Reproductive Biology Index of Authors Surgical Forum XLVI Chapter 1—Nutrition/Metabolism Sepsis and Endotoxemia Increase Expression of IL-1 and IL-6 in the Central Nervous System (CNS) Tory A. Meyer, MD, Jingjing Wang, MD, Gregory M. Tiao, MD, Cora K. Ogle, PhD, Josef E. Fischer, MD, FACS, and Per-Olof Hasselgren, MD, FACS Sepsis-induced Increase in Brain Endogenous Morphine: Regulator of Muscle Proteolysis Patricia E. Molina, MD, PhD, Greg Tiao, MD, Jeroen Meijerink, MD, PhD, Per-Olof Hasselgren, MD, FACS, and Naji N. Abumrad, MD, FACS The Anorexia and Cachexia of Inflammation Can Be Explained by CNS Production of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Atsushi Kaibara, MD, N. Joseph Espat, MD, Troy Auffenberg, BS, Amer Abouhamze, BS, Satye Kalra, PhD, David Martin, PhD, Jack Gauldie, PhD, Lyle L. Moldawer, PhD, and Edward M. Copeland III, MD, FACS Sepsis Increases Proteasome-dependent Proteolysis and mRNA Levels for the Proteasome Subunit RC3 in Skeletal Muscle Gregory M. Tiao, MD, Julie Fagan, PhD, Michael Lieberman, PhD, Josef Fischer, MD, FACS, and Per-Olof Hasselgren, MD, FACS Peptide Aldehyde Inhibitors of the Proteasome Reduce the Accelerated Proteolysis in Atrophying Skeletal Muscles Nicholas E. Tawa, Jr, MD, PhD, Richard Odessey, PhD, and Alfred L. Goldberg, PhD SURGICAL FORUM Growth Hormone and the Combination of Growth Hormone Plus Insulin Improve Protein Kinetics in Postoperative Cancer Patients .... 15 Russell S. Berman, MD, Lawrence E. Harrison, MD, David B. Pearlstone, MD, Michael Burt, MD, PhD, FACS, and Murray F Brennan, MD, FACS Prostaglandin D, Regulates the Glutamine/Glutamate Shuttle in Human Vascular Endothelium Ming Pan, MD, PhD, Masafumi Wasa, MD, and Wiley W. Souba, MD, ScD, FACS Influence of Glutamine-supplemented TPN on in Vitro and in Vivo Responses to Endotoxin Carla C. Braxton, MD, Susette M. Coyle, RN, MS, Tom van der Poll, MD, Marc Roth, RPh, Steve E. Calvano, PhD, and Stephen EF Lowry, MD, FACS Lipid Supplementation Increases Norepinephrine Excretion and Bacterial Translocation in Parenterally Fed Rats Kevin M. Johnson, MD, Richard M. Garcia, BS, Margaret Heitkemper, PhD, and W. Scott Helton, MD Neural/Endocrine Factors Enhance the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Splenocytes Walter Scott, MD, Melissa Hayden, BA, Amy C. Degnim, MD, Kimberly Maslonek, BS, Donald Lysle, PhD, and Don K. Nakayama, MD, FACS Mechanisms of Arginine and Lysine Immune-enhancing Activity ..27 Akira Niijima, MD, Tad Renvyle, MS, and Michael M. Meguid, MD, PhD, FACS Early Changes in Sodium Distribution Induced by Sepsis Tadashi Mitsuo, MD, Jan Rounds, BS, Jonathan Rose, BA, Douglas W. Wilmore, MD, FACS, and Danny O. Jacobs, MD, FACS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter [l—Inflammatory Cells Reduced Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN) Exudation in Patients with the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Najma Ayesha Ahmed, MD, PhD, Betty Giannias, BSc, and Nicolas Velos Christou, MD, PhD, FACS The Effects of Aortic Cross Clamping on Neutrophil Integrin CD11b and Cytokine Release Gary E. Hill, MD, Paul J. Mihalakakos, MD, John R. Spurzem, MD, Brian G. Halloran, MD, and B. Timothy Baxter, MD, FACS Inhibition of TNF-a, But Not E-Selectin and P-Selectin, Attenuates Lung and Peritoneal Cavity Neutrophil Accumulation in a Mouse Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model Jeffrey H. Pruitt, MD, Paul D. Edwards, MD, M. Burcess Welborn III, MD, Edward M. Copeland III, MD, FACS, and Lyle L. Moldawer, PhD The Ingestion of Bacteria by Neutrophils Induces Apoptosis through an Oxygen-dependent Mechanism R. William G. Watson, PhD, H. Paul Redmond, FRCSI, Jiang Huai Wang, PhD, Claire Condron, BSc, and David Bouchier-Hayes, FRCSI Scavenger Receptor Blockade Augments LPS-induced TNF Production by Alveolar Macrophages Cynthia Mendez, MD, Iris Garcia, BS, and Ronald V. Maier, MD, FACS CD14 Expression in Peripheral Blood Monocytes following Hemorrhage Fiemu E. Nwariaku, MD, Patricia J. Sikes, MS, Kendra L. McIntyre, BS, Ellis Lightfoot, BS, and William J. Mileski, MD, FACS SURGICAL FORUM Alterations in CD14 Expression on Human Monocytes after Incubation with Biological Response Modifiers .................2cs0eee00 47 Michael Heinzelmann, MD, Sarah Appel Gardner, BS, Anne K. Huang, MD, and Mark Mercer-Jones, FRCS Antioxidant Inhibition of Mast Cell-induced Macrophage Activation Alan P. B. Dackiw, MD, Avery B. Nathens, MD, John C. Marshall, MD, FRCS(C), FACS, and Ori D. Rotstein, MD, FRCS(C), FACS Altered Transcriptional Regulation of IL-2 after Burn Injury Criostoir B. O’Suilleabhain, MB, FRCSI, Mary L. Rodrick, PhD, Alan FE Horgan, MD, FRCSI, Inna B. Saporoschetz, BS, Jane M. Doherty, MA, John A. Mannick, MD, FACS, and James A. Lederer, MS, PhD Inhaled Nitric Oxide Prevents Pulmonary Endothelial Dysfunction in Acute Lung Injury Randall S. Friese, MD, David A. Fullerton, MD, Robert C. McIntyre, Jr, MD, Jeanette Agrafojo, BS, Ani Banerjee, PhD, and Alden H. Harken, MD Differential Cytokine Secretion by Wound Fibroblasts Compared to Normal Fibroblasts in Response to LPS Ernest E. Beecherl, MD, Sandra Hill, BS, and Thomas J. Fahey III, MD Eosinophilia as a Marker for Acute Adrenal Insufficiency in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Michael Angelis, MD, Mihae Yu, MD, FACS, Danny Takanishi, MD, Nahidh W. M. A. Hasaniya, MD, and Michael R. Brown, MD, PhD TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter [1I—Sepsis and Shock Active But Not Passive Immunization Protects against Gram-negative Bacterial Infection Peter S. Dahlberg, MD, Richard J. Battafarano, MD, Robert D. Acton, MD, Mark E. Uknis, MD, Craig R. Ratz, BS, Jennifer W. Johnston, BS, and David L. Dunn, MD, PhD, FACS Females in Proestrus State Tolerate Sepsis Better than Males René Zellweger, MD, Alfred Ayala, PhD, Susan Stein, DVM, Catherine M. DeMaso, MS, and Irshad H. Chaudry, PhD Cardiac Adrenergic Receptor Down-Regulation in Endotoxemia ... Abdul Qadir, MBBS, Tohru Utsunomiya, MD, Siva R. Chavali, PhD, and R. Armour Forse, MD, PhD, FACS A Selective Inhibitor of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Prolongs Survival in a Rat Model of Escherichia coli Peritonitis Jonathan S. Aranow, MD, Jing Zhuang, MD, Vera Larkin, MEd, and Mitchell P. Fink, MD, FACS Delayed Treatment with EUK-8, a Novel Synthetic Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) Mimetic, Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury in Endotoxemic Pigs Pamela K. Gonzalez, BA, Jing Zhuang, MD, Susan R. Doctrow, PhD, Bernard Malfroy, PhD, Marianne Smith, MS, Michael J. Menconi, PhD, and Mitchell P. Fink, MD, FACS Early Impaired Oxygen Consumption due to Supply-independent Mitochondrial Dysfunction Occurs in Patients Who Develop MOF ... Frederick A. Moore, MD, FACS, James B. Haenel, RRT, Ernest E. Moore, MD, FACS, Barbara L. Gallea, RN, Joseph P. Ortner, BA, and Charles B. Cairns, MD SURGICAL FORUM Perfusion Patterns in Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock and Limited Resuscitation William B. Inabnet, MD, John J. Fildes, MD, FACS, and John A. Barrett, MD, FACS The Potential Role of Elevated Intracellular Calcium in the Development of Postburn Cardiac Dysfunction D. Jean White, MS, David Maass, BS, Billy Sanders, BS, and Jureta W. Horton, PhD HSP-72 Hepatic mRNA and Protein Are Induced by Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation, But Not by Shock Alone Edward Kelly, MD, Nishit Shah, MD, Nathan N. Morgan, BS, Andrew B. Peitzman, MD, FACS, and Timothy R. Billiar, MD Immunosuppression following Hemorrhage Is Reduced by Hypertonic Saline Resuscitation Raul Coimbra, MD, Wolfgang G. Junger, PhD, David B. Hoyt, MD, FACS, Forrest C. Liu, MD, William H. Loomis, BS, Michael F Evers, BS, and Richard E. Davis, BA Mechanism of the Beneficial Effects of a Novel Nonanticoagulant Heparin (GM1892) following Hemorrhagic Shock: Down-Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine (TNF and IL-6) Production John P. Kepros, MD, Ping Wang, MD, Mary H. Morrison, MS, and Irshad H. Chaudry, PhD Oral L-2-OX0O-4-Thiazolidine Carboxylate (OTZ) Administration Reduces Bacterial Translocation after Abdominal Radiation Sarah L. Blair, MD, D. Michael Rose, MD, Steven N. Hochwald, MD, Sonu Sachar, BS, and Michael Burt, MD, PhD TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter IV—Cytokines/Nitric Oxide Cytokine mRNA Expression and Endotoxin Levels in Germ-free and Germ-bearing Rat Lungs following Hemorrhagic Shock ............... 92 Gregory Simonian, MD, Michael Condon, PhD, Benjamin Rush, MD, Thomas Lysz, PhD, and Thomas Murphy, MS Intestinal Ischemia—Reperfusion (IIR) Up-Regulates Pulmonary Thromboxane Synthetase Content ...............cccccsorcssscvcessveseveseesees 94 Kevin M. Kadesky, MD, Richard H. Turnage, MD, Lori Bartula, BS, and Stuart I. Myers, MD Thromboxane A, Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Pulmonary Microvascular Leak following Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion ...... 96 Mary B. Carter, MD, Mark A. Wilson, MD, FACS, William B. Wead, PhD, and R. Neal Garrison, MD, FACS Cytokine Regulation by a B-Adrenergic Agonist Improves Mortality in Mice with Severe Endotoxicosis .................:sccceeeeeees 99 W. William Zhong, MD, MS, Sambasiva R. Chavali, PhD, Tohru Utsunomiya, MD, and R. Armour Forse, MD, PhD, FACS Effect of Epinephrine on Cytokine Release during Human aa aida dic ealchnbinipneanminnspipsiiaresicbiaeWiasionicelainask e 102 Tom van der Poll, MD, Carla C. Braxton, MD, Susette M. Coyle, RN, Karen Barbosa, Ashwini Kumar, Steve E. Calvano, PhD, and Stephen EK Lowry, MD, FACS Nitrosothiols: Long-acting Intermediates of Nitric Oxide ............ Robert K. Goldman, MD, Angelo A. Vlessis, MD, PhD, and Donald D. Trunkey, MD, FACS SURGICAL FORUM Direct Evidence for Disruption of Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis in Porcine Gram-negative Sepsis and Evaluation of Pretreatment with the Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Aminoguanidine Thomas J. Lomis, MD, Sridhar Chalasani, MD, Corydon W. Siffring, MD, John A. Manubay, MD, Seth Yank, John S. Monk, MD, FACS, Baltazar Reynafarje, MD, PhD, and Jonathan E. Rhoads, Jr., MD, FACS A Novel Tetravalent Guanylhydrazone Compound That Inhibits Inflammation and Macrophage Production of TNF Carla Cerami, MD, Marina Bianchi, MD, Ona Bloom, BS, Christine Metz, PhD, Anthony J. Tortolani, MD, Anthony Cerami, PhD, and Kevin J. Tracey, MD Endotoxin-induced Nitric Oxide Production Impairs Cardiac Contractility and Energetics Koh Takeuchi, MD, Francis McGowan, MD, Hung Cao-Danh, PhD, Percival Buenaventura, MD, Elena Simplaceneau, MS, Shoichi Takahashi, MD, Paul Glynn, PhD, and Pedro J. del Nido, MD, FACS Arginine Improves Cardiac Function in Sepsis Gregory J. England, MD, Ronald C. Hill, MD, FACS, Gregory A. Timberlake, MD, FACS, and Yvonne L. Shahan, MS The Nitric Oxide Donor Molsidomine Decreases the Production of TNE JL-1, and IL-6 in the Perfused Mouse Liver after Endotoxin Norman H. Kumins, MD, Julia L. Hunt, BS, Richard L. Gamelli, MD, FACS, and James P. Filkins, PhD Endogenous Nitric Oxide (NO) Synthesis Protects Liver Cells from H,O,-induced Injury James M. Wong, MD, Edith Tzeng, MD, Andreas K. Nussler, PhD, and Timothy R. Billiar, MD